Pardal Mallet
Encyclopedia
João Carlos de Medeiros Pardal Mallet (December 9, 1864 — November 24, 1894) was a Brazil
ian journalist
and novelist. He is the patron of the 30th chair of the Brazilian Academy of Letters
.
, in Rio Grande do Sul
, in 1864. His father was the famous General
João Nepomuceno de Medeiros Mallet, and his grandfather was the French-born Marshal
Emílio Mallet. He was also of Portuguese and Irish descent.
Since as a child, he had a strong vocation for literature, and he also learned to speak English
and French
.
After completing his primary studies, he moved to Rio de Janeiro
, in order to study Medicine
at the Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, but he would not finish the course, because his teacher, the Viscount of Saboia, threatened to expel him because of his Republican
ideals. He then abandoned the Medicine school to dedicate himself to the literature and the journalism.
He then moved to São Paulo
, to study Law
at the Faculdade de Direito da Universidade de São Paulo
, but finished his course in Recife
, Pernambuco
. There, when he was receiving his diploma
, he refused to take oath, because of his Republican ideals. The situation was circumvented thanks to Joaquim Nabuco
. During his stay in Pernambuco, he published his first books: Hóspede and Meu Álbum, both from 1887.
Returning to Rio de Janeiro, he befriended many famous writers, such as Olavo Bilac
, Raul Pompeia
, Coelho Neto
, Luís Murat, José do Patrocínio
, Artur
and Aluísio Azevedo
, Émile Rouède and Francisco de Paula Ney
.
In 1888, he became the editor in chief
of José do Patrocínio
's journal A Cidade do Rio. However, Mallet would leave the journal in the following year, due to political differences. Also in 1889, he had an argue with Olavo Bilac
, that ended in a duel. Mallet had one of his ribs damaged, but he and Bilac would be reconciled.
When Brazil became a republic, Mallet joined the Revolta da Armada
, in opposition to then-President of Brazil
Floriano Peixoto
. He was then arrested and exiled in the city of Tabatinga
, in Amazonas. After amnesty
was given, he returned to Rio.
He got tuberculosis
and moved to the city of Caxambu
, in Minas Gerais
, in order to mitigate the disease, unsuccessfully. He would die in November 24, 1894.
Brazil
Brazil , officially the Federative Republic of Brazil , is the largest country in South America. It is the world's fifth largest country, both by geographical area and by population with over 192 million people...
ian journalist
Journalist
A journalist collects and distributes news and other information. A journalist's work is referred to as journalism.A reporter is a type of journalist who researchs, writes, and reports on information to be presented in mass media, including print media , electronic media , and digital media A...
and novelist. He is the patron of the 30th chair of the Brazilian Academy of Letters
Academia Brasileira de Letras
Academia Brasileira de Letras is a Brazilian literary non-profit society established at the end of the 19th century by a group of 40 writers and poets inspired by the Académie Française. The first president, Machado de Assis, declared its foundation on December 15, 1896, with the statutes being...
.
Life
Mallet was born in the city of BagéBagé
Bagé is a city and a municipality in the south of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. In 2007 its population was 112,550 in a total area of 4,096 km2. It was the tenth largest city in the state in 2007 -Location:...
, in Rio Grande do Sul
Rio Grande do Sul
Rio Grande do Sul is the southernmost state in Brazil, and the state with the fifth highest Human Development Index in the country. In this state is located the southernmost city in the country, Chuí, on the border with Uruguay. In the region of Bento Gonçalves and Caxias do Sul, the largest wine...
, in 1864. His father was the famous General
General
A general officer is an officer of high military rank, usually in the army, and in some nations, the air force. The term is widely used by many nations of the world, and when a country uses a different term, there is an equivalent title given....
João Nepomuceno de Medeiros Mallet, and his grandfather was the French-born Marshal
Marshal
Marshal , is a word used in several official titles of various branches of society. The word is an ancient loan word from Old French, cf...
Emílio Mallet. He was also of Portuguese and Irish descent.
Since as a child, he had a strong vocation for literature, and he also learned to speak English
English language
English is a West Germanic language that arose in the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of England and spread into what was to become south-east Scotland under the influence of the Anglian medieval kingdom of Northumbria...
and French
French language
French is a Romance language spoken as a first language in France, the Romandy region in Switzerland, Wallonia and Brussels in Belgium, Monaco, the regions of Quebec and Acadia in Canada, and by various communities elsewhere. Second-language speakers of French are distributed throughout many parts...
.
After completing his primary studies, he moved to Rio de Janeiro
Rio de Janeiro
Rio de Janeiro , commonly referred to simply as Rio, is the capital city of the State of Rio de Janeiro, the second largest city of Brazil, and the third largest metropolitan area and agglomeration in South America, boasting approximately 6.3 million people within the city proper, making it the 6th...
, in order to study Medicine
Medicine
Medicine is the science and art of healing. It encompasses a variety of health care practices evolved to maintain and restore health by the prevention and treatment of illness....
at the Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, but he would not finish the course, because his teacher, the Viscount of Saboia, threatened to expel him because of his Republican
Republicanism
Republicanism is the ideology of governing a nation as a republic, where the head of state is appointed by means other than heredity, often elections. The exact meaning of republicanism varies depending on the cultural and historical context...
ideals. He then abandoned the Medicine school to dedicate himself to the literature and the journalism.
He then moved to São Paulo
São Paulo
São Paulo is the largest city in Brazil, the largest city in the southern hemisphere and South America, and the world's seventh largest city by population. The metropolis is anchor to the São Paulo metropolitan area, ranked as the second-most populous metropolitan area in the Americas and among...
, to study Law
Law
Law is a system of rules and guidelines which are enforced through social institutions to govern behavior, wherever possible. It shapes politics, economics and society in numerous ways and serves as a social mediator of relations between people. Contract law regulates everything from buying a bus...
at the Faculdade de Direito da Universidade de São Paulo
Faculdade de Direito da Universidade de São Paulo
Faculty of Law of the University of São Paulo is an institution of higher education and research in the field of Law located in São Paulo, Brazil...
, but finished his course in Recife
Recife
Recife is the fifth-largest metropolitan area in Brazil with 4,136,506 inhabitants, the largest metropolitan area of the North/Northeast Regions, the 5th-largest metropolitan influence area in Brazil, and the capital and largest city of the state of Pernambuco. The population of the city proper...
, Pernambuco
Pernambuco
Pernambuco is a state of Brazil, located in the Northeast region of the country. To the north are the states of Paraíba and Ceará, to the west is Piauí, to the south are Alagoas and Bahia, and to the east is the Atlantic Ocean. There are about of beaches, some of the most beautiful in the...
. There, when he was receiving his diploma
Diploma
A diploma is a certificate or deed issued by an educational institution, such as a university, that testifies that the recipient has successfully completed a particular course of study or confers an academic degree. In countries such as the United Kingdom and Australia, the word diploma refers to...
, he refused to take oath, because of his Republican ideals. The situation was circumvented thanks to Joaquim Nabuco
Joaquim Nabuco
Joaquim Aurélio Barreto Nabuco de Araújo was a Brazilian writer, statesman, and a leading voice in the abolitionist movement of his country.-Biography:...
. During his stay in Pernambuco, he published his first books: Hóspede and Meu Álbum, both from 1887.
Returning to Rio de Janeiro, he befriended many famous writers, such as Olavo Bilac
Olavo Bilac
Olavo Brás Martins dos Guimarães Bilac was a Brazilian Parnassian poet, journalist and translator. Alongside Alberto de Oliveira and Raimundo Correia, he was a member of the "Parnassian Triad"...
, Raul Pompeia
Raul Pompéia
Raul d'Ávila Pompeia was a Brazilian novelist, short story writer and chronicler. He is famous for the Impressionist romance O Ateneu.He is patron of the 33rd chair of the Brazilian Academy of Letters.-Biography:...
, Coelho Neto
Coelho Neto
Henrique Maximiano Coelho Neto was a Brazilian writer and politician...
, Luís Murat, José do Patrocínio
José do Patrocínio
José Carlos do Patrocínio was a Brazilian writer, journalist, activist, orator and pharmacist. He founded and occupied the 21st chair of the Brazilian Academy of Letters from 1897 until his death in 1905.-Life:...
, Artur
Artur Azevedo
Artur Nabantino Gonçalves de Azevedo was a Brazilian playwright, short story writer, chronicler, journalist and Parnassian poet...
and Aluísio Azevedo
Aluísio Azevedo
Aluísio Tancredo Gonçalves de Azevedo was a Brazilian novelist, caricaturist, diplomat, playwright and short story writer. Initially a Romantic writer, he would later adhere to the Naturalist movement...
, Émile Rouède and Francisco de Paula Ney
Francisco de Paula Ney
Francisco de Paula Ney was a Brazilian poet and journalist. A pre-eminent figure of the bohemian Rio de Janeiro of the Belle Époque, he was a friend of Coelho Neto, Aluísio Azevedo and Olavo Bilac. He was a poet famous for writing anonymous satires and jokes for the journals where he...
.
In 1888, he became the editor in chief
Editor in chief
An editor-in-chief is a publication's primary editor, having final responsibility for the operations and policies. Additionally, the editor-in-chief is held accountable for delegating tasks to staff members as well as keeping up with the time it takes them to complete their task...
of José do Patrocínio
José do Patrocínio
José Carlos do Patrocínio was a Brazilian writer, journalist, activist, orator and pharmacist. He founded and occupied the 21st chair of the Brazilian Academy of Letters from 1897 until his death in 1905.-Life:...
's journal A Cidade do Rio. However, Mallet would leave the journal in the following year, due to political differences. Also in 1889, he had an argue with Olavo Bilac
Olavo Bilac
Olavo Brás Martins dos Guimarães Bilac was a Brazilian Parnassian poet, journalist and translator. Alongside Alberto de Oliveira and Raimundo Correia, he was a member of the "Parnassian Triad"...
, that ended in a duel. Mallet had one of his ribs damaged, but he and Bilac would be reconciled.
When Brazil became a republic, Mallet joined the Revolta da Armada
Revolta da Armada
Brazilian Naval Revolts, or the Revoltas da Armada , were armed mutinies promoted mainly by Admirals Custodio de Mello and Saldanha da Gama and their fleet of Brazilian Navy ships against unconstitucional attitudes of the then the central government in Rio de Janeiro.-First revolt:In November 1891,...
, in opposition to then-President of Brazil
President of Brazil
The president of Brazil is both the head of state and head of government of the Federative Republic of Brazil. The president leads the executive branch of the federal government and is the commander-in-chief of the Brazilian Armed Forces...
Floriano Peixoto
Floriano Peixoto
Floriano Vieira de Araújo Peixoto , April 30, 1839, Maceió, Brazil — July 29, 1895, Rio de Janeiro; born in Ipioca , was a Brazilian soldier and politician, a veteran of the War of the Triple Alliance, and the second President of Brazil.-Election and Succession as President:Floriano Peixoto...
. He was then arrested and exiled in the city of Tabatinga
Tabatinga
Tabatinga is a municipality in the Três Fronteiras area of Northwestern Brazil. It is located in the Brazilian state of Amazonas. Its population was 45,293...
, in Amazonas. After amnesty
Amnesty
Amnesty is a legislative or executive act by which a state restores those who may have been guilty of an offense against it to the positions of innocent people, without changing the laws defining the offense. It includes more than pardon, in as much as it obliterates all legal remembrance of the...
was given, he returned to Rio.
He got tuberculosis
Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis, MTB, or TB is a common, and in many cases lethal, infectious disease caused by various strains of mycobacteria, usually Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tuberculosis usually attacks the lungs but can also affect other parts of the body...
and moved to the city of Caxambu
Caxambu
Caxambu is a Brazilian city in Minas Gerais. Its population in 2004 was estimated at 23,482.Located at the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais, Caxambu is renowned by its spa, which has twelve sources of mineral water flowing, 24 hours a day....
, in Minas Gerais
Minas Gerais
Minas Gerais is one of the 26 states of Brazil, of which it is the second most populous, the third richest, and the fourth largest in area. Minas Gerais is the Brazilian state with the largest number of Presidents of Brazil, the current one, Dilma Rousseff, being one of them. The capital is the...
, in order to mitigate the disease, unsuccessfully. He would die in November 24, 1894.
Works
- Meu Álbum (short stories — 18871887 in literatureThe year 1887 in literature involved some significant new books.-Events:*Futabatei Shimei writes The Drifting Cloud, the first modern novel in Japan.-New books:*Mary Elizabeth Braddon - Cut by the County*Hall Caine - The Deemster...
) - Hóspede (novel — 18871887 in literatureThe year 1887 in literature involved some significant new books.-Events:*Futabatei Shimei writes The Drifting Cloud, the first modern novel in Japan.-New books:*Mary Elizabeth Braddon - Cut by the County*Hall Caine - The Deemster...
) - Lar (novel — 18881888 in literatureThe year 1888 in literature involved some significant new books.-New books:*Grant Allen - The Devil's Die**The White Man's Foot*Edward Bellamy - Looking Backward*Rolf Boldrewood - Robbery Under Arms...
) - A Pandilha (short stories — 18831889 in literatureThe year 1889 in literature involved some significant new books.-Events:*Theodore Roosevelt publishes the first of four volumes of The Winning of the West, with three more by 1896.-New books:*Gabriele D'Annunzio - Il piacere...
) - O Esqueleto (novel written in partnership with Olavo BilacOlavo BilacOlavo Brás Martins dos Guimarães Bilac was a Brazilian Parnassian poet, journalist and translator. Alongside Alberto de Oliveira and Raimundo Correia, he was a member of the "Parnassian Triad"...
— 18901890 in literatureThe year 1890 in literature involved some significant new books.-Events:* Bram Stoker begins work on Dracula.*Arthur Morrison joins the staff of the Evening Globe newspaper.-New books:*Rolf Boldrewood - The Squatter's Dream...
) - Pelo Divórcio! (pamphlet — 18941894 in literatureThe year 1894 in literature involved some significant new books.-Events:*Robert Frost sells his first poem, "My Butterfly", to The New York Independent for fifteen dollars.*Hermann Hesse begins his apprenticeship at a factory in Calw....
)