Bagé
Encyclopedia
Bagé is a city
and a municipality
in the south of the state of Rio Grande do Sul
, Brazil
. In 2007 its population was 112,550 (IBGE) in a total area of 4,096 km2. It was the tenth largest city in the state in 2007
and approximately 60 km north of the border with Uruguay
at Aceguá. The distance to Pelotas
to the east on BR 293 is 180 km. Other distances from Bagé are:
Santana do Livramento
: 170 km.
Jaguarão
: 199 km.
Santa Maria
: 250 km. See Aonde Fica and Prefeitura Municipal de Bagé for distances.
Comandante Gustavo Kraemer International Airport
serves the city and the region although currectly no scheduled flights operate to and from it.
Bagé has a mild climate with maximum temperatures of 30 °C in January and 17 °C in June and minimum temperatures of 18 °C in January and 8 °C in June. Rainfall is spread out throughout the year with a maximum of 140.9 mm in July and a minimum of 103.1 mm in April.
The first contact between Amerindians (the Charruas) and the Spanish occurred in the second half of the seventeenth century when the Jesuits established a mission called Redução de Santo André dos Guenoas, in 1683.
In 1773, the governor of Buenos Aires, D. Juan José Vertiz y Salcedo, with 5,000 homens, left the region of the Prata River to expel the Portuguese from Rio Grande do Sul. Arriving in this area he established the Fort of Santa Tecla, of which there are still ruins. The fort was surrounded by a ditch 9 meters wide and 2.5 meters deep, with a 3 meter high wall. This fort was sacked twice, the first in 1776 when Rafael Pinto Bandeira invaded and expelled the Spanish. After signing the Treaty of Santo Idelfonso in 1777 a Spanish garrison again occupied the fort.
In 1801, the Spanish abandoned all their advanced posts, including Fort Santa Tecla, which was, for the second time, demolished. The territory was once again Portuguese and the lands were occupied by settlers.
In 1810, some of the Spanish colonies broke free from the motherland. In 1811 the governor of Rio Grande do Sul, Dom Diogo de Souza, concentrated a large force of Portuguese on the borderlands, fearing military action on the part of the newly formed Spanish republics. a camp was set up near "Cerros de Bagé", site where the city of Bagé is now located. According to some historians, on 17 July 1811 Dom Diogo left with his troops to invade the recently created Estado Oriental del Uruguay, leaving behind several camp followers who could not follow the troops, who founded the present-day city. The date for the foundation of Bagé, 17 July 1811, was officially agreed on in 1963.
As far as the origins of the name of Bagé, there are several theories. One is that there was an Indian chieften in the region called Ibajé, although the existence of this Indian has never been proven. A more accepted theory is that the name comes from the Indian language and is related to the idea of "hills". The local Indians called the hills "mbaiê".
The settlement began to grow spreading out around the square called Praça da Matriz. In 1820 a simple church was built to house the image of the patron saint of the town, Saint Sebastian.
Even after the final demarcaton of the border the lands of Bagé were the theater of wars and battles. In 1825 Carlos de Alvear invaded
the territory from Uruguay and in 1827 the forces of general Lavalleja entered the town pillaging it. In 1828 a treaty brought peace to the borderlands.
In 1835 it was the Gauchos who were fighting among each other. This new conflict was due to the ideals of republicans and imperialists. Bagé one again was witness to battles and pillaging. One of the most important, the Battle of Seival, took place between imperialist and republican forces led by Antônio de Souza Netto. The latter was victorious and he proclaimed the República Rio – Grandense.
After this Farroupilha Revolution in 1846 Bagé was elevated to the category of "freguesia" and in the same year to "vila". In 1858 it was proclaimed head of the "comarca" and in 1859 it became a city.
Another revolution broke out in 1893 when the federalists reacted to the coming to power of the republicans. In this year Gumercindo Saraiva invaded Rio Grande do Sul and at Passo do Salsinho, the first combat took place. During this revolution the municipality was witness to the Battle of the Traíras, the Siege of Rio Negro, and the Siege of Bagé. At Rio Negro 300 prisoners had their throats cut. In the Siege of Bagé combats took place in the center of the town.
With the end of combats the beginning of the twentieth century seemed promising as Bagé had potential to become an industrial and agricultural center.
Narratives from this period show that the climatae was benign and the soil rich in natural resources, with special mention of the coal mines of Candiota and Rio Negro. In the cattle raising sector Bagé was a large producer of sheep, cows and horses. Agriculture was less developed with the main crops being wheat and rice.
Bagé could count on considerable urban progress. The first railroad was inaugurated in 1884 with the finishing of the line to Rio Grande
. Electrical lighting arrived in 1899, with Bagé being the first city in the state to have this important sign of progress. In 1913 a piped water system was installed.
Due to the importance of the city for the region it is called "Queen of the Border". It is the seat of the Universidade da Região da Campanha – URCAMP and is the seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Bagé
.
City
A city is a relatively large and permanent settlement. Although there is no agreement on how a city is distinguished from a town within general English language meanings, many cities have a particular administrative, legal, or historical status based on local law.For example, in the U.S...
and a municipality
Municipality
A municipality is essentially an urban administrative division having corporate status and usually powers of self-government. It can also be used to mean the governing body of a municipality. A municipality is a general-purpose administrative subdivision, as opposed to a special-purpose district...
in the south of the state of Rio Grande do Sul
Rio Grande do Sul
Rio Grande do Sul is the southernmost state in Brazil, and the state with the fifth highest Human Development Index in the country. In this state is located the southernmost city in the country, Chuí, on the border with Uruguay. In the region of Bento Gonçalves and Caxias do Sul, the largest wine...
, Brazil
Brazil
Brazil , officially the Federative Republic of Brazil , is the largest country in South America. It is the world's fifth largest country, both by geographical area and by population with over 192 million people...
. In 2007 its population was 112,550 (IBGE) in a total area of 4,096 km2. It was the tenth largest city in the state in 2007
Location
Bagé is located 374 km. southwest of the state capital, Porto AlegrePorto Alegre
Porto Alegre is the tenth most populous municipality in Brazil, with 1,409,939 inhabitants, and the centre of Brazil's fourth largest metropolitan area . It is also the capital city of the southernmost Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul. The city is the southernmost capital city of a Brazilian...
and approximately 60 km north of the border with Uruguay
Uruguay
Uruguay ,officially the Oriental Republic of Uruguay,sometimes the Eastern Republic of Uruguay; ) is a country in the southeastern part of South America. It is home to some 3.5 million people, of whom 1.8 million live in the capital Montevideo and its metropolitan area...
at Aceguá. The distance to Pelotas
Pelotas
Pelotas is a Brazilian city and municipality , the third most populous in the southern state of Rio Grande do Sul. Pelotas is located 270 km from Porto Alegre, the capital city of the state, and 130 km from the Uruguayan border...
to the east on BR 293 is 180 km. Other distances from Bagé are:
Santana do Livramento
Santana do Livramento
Santana do Livramento is a city in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. It is located along the border with the city of Rivera, Uruguay, which helps form an international city of 200,000 inhabitants.- Overview :...
: 170 km.
Jaguarão
Jaguarão
Jaguarão is a town in the southern Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul located on the shores of the Jaguarão River bordering Uruguay.Is there a place of Battle of Jaguarão-External links:*...
: 199 km.
Santa Maria
Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul
Santa Maria is a municipality in the central region of Rio Grande do Sul, the southernmost state of Brazil. In 2007, its population was 263,403 inhabitants in a total area of 1,823 km2.-Importance:...
: 250 km. See Aonde Fica and Prefeitura Municipal de Bagé for distances.
Comandante Gustavo Kraemer International Airport
Comandante Gustavo Kraemer Airport
Comandante Gustavo Kraemer International Airport is the airport serving Bagé, Brazil. It is named after Captain Gustavo Kraemer, founder and pilot of the airline SAVAG, killed on an air-crash in 1950.It is operated by Infraero.-History:...
serves the city and the region although currectly no scheduled flights operate to and from it.
Climate
At an elevation of 242 meters above sea level just south of latitude 30°30th parallel south
The 30th parallel south is a circle of latitude that is 30 degrees south of the Earth's equatorial plane. It crosses the Atlantic Ocean, Africa, the Indian Ocean, Australasia, the Pacific Ocean and South America....
Bagé has a mild climate with maximum temperatures of 30 °C in January and 17 °C in June and minimum temperatures of 18 °C in January and 8 °C in June. Rainfall is spread out throughout the year with a maximum of 140.9 mm in July and a minimum of 103.1 mm in April.
Economy
The economy is based on services, light industry and agriculture. Transformation industries employed 2,460 workers in 2006 while there were 1,199 agricultural establishments on 300,000 hectares employing 3,500 workers. There were 319,000 head of cattle and 103,000 head of sheep in 2007. The main crops were rice, corn, soybeans, sorghum, and wheat.History
Because of its location on the shortest route between Porto Alegre and Montevideu Bagé has always played an important role in the history of Brazil and the state of Rio Grande do Sul. Its lands have been the sought after by Indians, Portuguese, and Spanish. Here were played out important events of the Cisplatine War and the Farroupilha and Federalist Revolutions.The first contact between Amerindians (the Charruas) and the Spanish occurred in the second half of the seventeenth century when the Jesuits established a mission called Redução de Santo André dos Guenoas, in 1683.
In 1773, the governor of Buenos Aires, D. Juan José Vertiz y Salcedo, with 5,000 homens, left the region of the Prata River to expel the Portuguese from Rio Grande do Sul. Arriving in this area he established the Fort of Santa Tecla, of which there are still ruins. The fort was surrounded by a ditch 9 meters wide and 2.5 meters deep, with a 3 meter high wall. This fort was sacked twice, the first in 1776 when Rafael Pinto Bandeira invaded and expelled the Spanish. After signing the Treaty of Santo Idelfonso in 1777 a Spanish garrison again occupied the fort.
In 1801, the Spanish abandoned all their advanced posts, including Fort Santa Tecla, which was, for the second time, demolished. The territory was once again Portuguese and the lands were occupied by settlers.
In 1810, some of the Spanish colonies broke free from the motherland. In 1811 the governor of Rio Grande do Sul, Dom Diogo de Souza, concentrated a large force of Portuguese on the borderlands, fearing military action on the part of the newly formed Spanish republics. a camp was set up near "Cerros de Bagé", site where the city of Bagé is now located. According to some historians, on 17 July 1811 Dom Diogo left with his troops to invade the recently created Estado Oriental del Uruguay, leaving behind several camp followers who could not follow the troops, who founded the present-day city. The date for the foundation of Bagé, 17 July 1811, was officially agreed on in 1963.
As far as the origins of the name of Bagé, there are several theories. One is that there was an Indian chieften in the region called Ibajé, although the existence of this Indian has never been proven. A more accepted theory is that the name comes from the Indian language and is related to the idea of "hills". The local Indians called the hills "mbaiê".
The settlement began to grow spreading out around the square called Praça da Matriz. In 1820 a simple church was built to house the image of the patron saint of the town, Saint Sebastian.
Even after the final demarcaton of the border the lands of Bagé were the theater of wars and battles. In 1825 Carlos de Alvear invaded
the territory from Uruguay and in 1827 the forces of general Lavalleja entered the town pillaging it. In 1828 a treaty brought peace to the borderlands.
In 1835 it was the Gauchos who were fighting among each other. This new conflict was due to the ideals of republicans and imperialists. Bagé one again was witness to battles and pillaging. One of the most important, the Battle of Seival, took place between imperialist and republican forces led by Antônio de Souza Netto. The latter was victorious and he proclaimed the República Rio – Grandense.
After this Farroupilha Revolution in 1846 Bagé was elevated to the category of "freguesia" and in the same year to "vila". In 1858 it was proclaimed head of the "comarca" and in 1859 it became a city.
Another revolution broke out in 1893 when the federalists reacted to the coming to power of the republicans. In this year Gumercindo Saraiva invaded Rio Grande do Sul and at Passo do Salsinho, the first combat took place. During this revolution the municipality was witness to the Battle of the Traíras, the Siege of Rio Negro, and the Siege of Bagé. At Rio Negro 300 prisoners had their throats cut. In the Siege of Bagé combats took place in the center of the town.
With the end of combats the beginning of the twentieth century seemed promising as Bagé had potential to become an industrial and agricultural center.
Narratives from this period show that the climatae was benign and the soil rich in natural resources, with special mention of the coal mines of Candiota and Rio Negro. In the cattle raising sector Bagé was a large producer of sheep, cows and horses. Agriculture was less developed with the main crops being wheat and rice.
Bagé could count on considerable urban progress. The first railroad was inaugurated in 1884 with the finishing of the line to Rio Grande
Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul
Rio Grande is the oldest city in the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul and also the former state capital from 1835 to 1845...
. Electrical lighting arrived in 1899, with Bagé being the first city in the state to have this important sign of progress. In 1913 a piped water system was installed.
Due to the importance of the city for the region it is called "Queen of the Border". It is the seat of the Universidade da Região da Campanha – URCAMP and is the seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Bagé
Roman Catholic Diocese of Bagé
The Roman Catholic Diocese of Bagé is a diocese located in the city of Bagé in the Ecclesiastical province of Pelotas in Brazil.-History:* June 25, 1960: Established as Diocese of Bagé from the Diocese of Pelotas and Diocese of Uruguaiana-Leadership:...
.
Health and education
In 2005 there were 32 health establishments of which 3 were hospitals. These hospitals offered 251 beds. In the education sector there were 18,000 students in 71 primary schools, 5,896 students in 14 middle schools, 1,931 students in 77 pre-primary schools. In addition there were 3,595 students in one private college.People from Bagé
- Túlio Lopes
- André Luís Garcia
- Carlos KluweCarlos KluweCarlos Kluwe was a Brazilian footballer and Physician who played for Sport Club Internacional.Kluwe was mayor of Bagé between 1948 and 1951.-References:...
(1890-1966) - Emílio Garrastazu MédiciEmílio Garrastazu MédiciEmílio Garrastazu Médici, was a Brazilian military leader and politician. His rightist rule from 1969 to 1974, marked the apex of military governments in Brazil.-Early life:...
(1905-1985)
External links
- Guarany Football Club
- Grêmio Esportivo Bagé soccer club