Panipat
Encyclopedia
Panipat بَنِبَت is an ancient and historic city in Panipat district
, Haryana
state
, India. It is 90 km north from Delhi
and 169 km south of Chandigarh
on NH-1. The three battles
fought at the city were turning points in Indian history. The city is famous in India by the name of "City of Weaver". The first verse of the Bhagavad Gita
is possibly referencing to Panipat as 'Dharmakshetra'
brothers during the times of the Mahabharata
; its historic name being Panduprastha. Panipat was the scene of three pivotal battles in Indian history.
The First Battle of Panipat
was fought on 21 April 1526 between Ibrahim Lodhi
, Sultan of Delhi
, and the Timurid
warlord Zaheeruddin Babur
. Babur's force defeated Ibrahim's much larger force of over one lakh (one hundred thousand) soldiers.This First battle of Panipat
thus ended the 'Lodi Rule' established by Bahlul Lodhi in India.
The Second Battle of Panipat
was fought on 5 November 1556 between the forces of Akbar and Samrat Hem Chandra Vikramaditya, a King of North India, who belonged to Rewari
in Haryana and had captured the large states of Agra
and Delhi
defeating Akbar's forces. This king, also known as Vikramaditya
had won 22 battles against the Afghan
rebels from 1553–1556 from Punjab to Bengal
, and had his coronation
at Purana Quila in Delhi
on 7 October 1556 and had established 'Hindu Raj' in North India, before the 2nd battle of Panipat.Hem Chandra had a large army, and initially his forces were winning, but suddenly Hemu
was struck by an arrow in the eye and he lost his senses. On not seeing him in his Ohda on the back of an elephant, his army fled. He was later captured and beheaded by the Mughals. His head was sent to Kabul
to be hanged outside Delhi Darwaza and torso was hanged outside Purana Quila in Delhi. This Second battle of Panipat
thus ended the 'Hindu Raj' established by Hemu
in north India, albeit for a short period.
The Third Battle of Panipat
was fought in 1761 between the Afghan
invader Ahmad Shah Abdali and the Marathas under Sadashivrao Bhau
Peshwa
of Pune
. Ahmad Shah won but with a very heavy casualty rate on both sides. It resulted in the worst defeat of Marathas in their history. The war led to a power vacuum which later led to the British conquest of India. The famous Urdu shayar Maulana Hali
was born in Panipat.
Panipat is situated on Shershah Suri Marg (now known as G.T. road or NH-1), 90 KM north of Delhi. On three sides, Panipat district boundaries touch other districts of Haryana – Karnal
in the north, Jind
in the west and Sonipat
in the south. Panipat district borders the state of Uttar Pradesh
across the Yamuna
river in the east.
Panipat was a part of Karnal
district until 31 October 1989. It was separated from Karnal
, along with another subdivision, the Assandh
tehsil. When the district was re-formed on 1 January 1992, the Assandh
tehsil was excluded. The newly constructed flyover across the Grand Trunk Road
completed in the year 2008 is one of the longest flyovers in India
.
In 2011, Panipat had population of 1,202,811 of which male and female were 646,324 and 556,487 respectively. There was change of 24.33 percent in the population compared to population as per 2001. In the previous census of India 2001, Panipat District recorded increase of 38.58 percent to its population compared to 1991.
The initial provisional data suggest a density of 949 in 2011 compared to 763 of 2001. Total area under Panipat district is of about 1,268 km2.
Average literacy rate of Panipat in 2011 were 77.50 compared to 69.20 of 2001. If things are looked out at gender wise, male and female literacy were 85.40 and 68.20 respectively. For 2001 census, same figures stood at 78.50 and 58.00 in Panipat District. Total literate in Panipat District were 803,663 of which male and female were 475,230 and 328,433 respectively. In 2001, Panipat District had 352,512 in its total region.
With regards to Sex Ratio in Panipat, it stood at 861 per 1000 male compared to 2001 census figure of 829. The average national sex ratio in India is 940 as per latest reports of Census 2011 Directorate.
In census enumeration, data regarding child under 0-6 age were also collected for all districts including Panipat. There were total 164,747 children under age of 0-6 against 143,262 of 2001 census. Of total 164,747 male and female were 89,873 and 74,874 respectively. Child Sex Ratio as per census 2011 was 833 compared to 808 of census 2001. In 2011, Children under 0-6 formed 13.70 percent of Panipat District compared to 14.81 percent of 2001. There was net change of -1.11 percent in this compared to previous census of India.
In 2001 census, Panipat District's population was at 4.74 percent of Haryana population.
Panipat is a city of textiles
and carpets. It is the biggest centre for quality blankets and carpets in India and has a handloom weaving
industry. In addition, Panipat city is the biggest centre of "Shoddy Yarn" in the World. Blankets prepared through Handloom and Power loom are sent to soldiers. The Samalkha subdivision of this district is famous for Foundry of Agriculture instruments. In this way, this district, which is continuously developing on the industrial base, has an unlimited employment capacity. Not only from Haryana but Businessmen and Engineers and unemployed worker artist Weavers and labour from other states of India visit here in search of employment and settle here permanently.
Panipat also has heavy industry, with a refinery of the Indian Oil Corporation
, a National Thermal Power Corporation
power plant and a National Fertilizers Limited plant.
Some salient features of industry in Panipat include:
'Samadhi-sthal' and camp site of Babur and Akbar at village Sodhapur, the grave of Ibrahim Lodhi, Kabuli Bagh, Devi Mandir, Kala Amb
, Salar Gunj Gate, and the tomb of the thirteenth century sufi saint
Bu Ali Shah Qalandar
.
The Battle of Panipat Memorial society set-up by the Government of Haryana, highlights the major events that took place for over two hundred years which made Panipat a place of great historical importance.
Panipat Museum has been especially established for disseminating information about archaeology, history, art and crafts of Haryana with special emphasis on the Battles of Panipat which marked the turning point in Indian history, The display of antiquities, inscription, sculptures, arms and armours, Pottery, old and valuable documents, jewellery and art and craft objects, have been augumented by maps, writeups photographs and translides, etc. Through display an attempt has been made to provide an insight into the acts of bravery of some valiant and patriotic warrios who sacrificed their lives at Panipat. These include, Samrat Hem Chandra Vikramaditya-a local hero who belonged to Haryana, Raja Surja Mal of Bharatpur, Vikramaditya (Vikramajit) of Gwalior, Maharaja of Patiala, Sher Shar SURI Sadashiv Rao Bhau, Vishwas Rao Peshwa, and Tukuj Shinde. Enlarged photographs of a large number of important miniatures, mostly from Babur-Nama and Akbar-Nama, relating to these battles and personalities connected therewith, have been obtained from the National Museum of New Delhi, The British Library, Victoria and Albert Museum of London. A Large number of contemporary weapons, armoury, guns, etc. have been acquired through loan from the Archaeological Survey of India,
The Department of Archaeology and Museums, Haryana is also associated with this project, has donated a large number of items for display in this Museum. These include replicas of a large number of artifacts in the form of status, pottery, coins, etc. which were collected from the excavated sites in Haryana besides a number of blow-ups of building and sites of historical and archaeological importance. In addition, a large number of items of traditional art have been procured from various districts of haryana with the help of District Administration which exhibit a glimpse of haryana’s traditional art.
The tomb is situated near a Tehsil Office at Panipat. Ibrahim Lodhi fought fiercely with his uncle Babur, in the battle known to us today as the "First Battle of Panipat" and was slain and buried at this place. It was one of Sher Shah Suri’s dying regret that he could never fulfill his intention of erecting a tomb to the fallem monarch. Much later, the British erected a plain plateform over the place, with a short Urdu Insscription on it.
Another memorial of some kind, however, appears to have existed which used to formm a place of pilgrimage for the people of Gwalior since Vikramaditya the last Raja of the old Towrebs dyansty of Gwalior, fell in the same battle. This memorial, according to general Cunningham, was destroyed when the Grand Trunk Road was made.
After Hemu's beheading at the Camp of Akbar at Saundhapur on Jind Road at Panipat, his head was sent to Kabul to be hanged outside the 'Delhi Darwaza' and his torso was hanged on a gibbet outside Purana Quila in Delhi to terrorise locals. After few years Hemu's supporters, constructed a Samadhi over the place where he was beheaded. The place and its surroundings are slowly encroached upon by local people. This is the only memorial of Hemu in Panipat, but in bad condition.
The garden of Kabuli Bagh along with a mosque and a tank was built by Babur after the First battle to commemorate his victory over Ibrahim Lodhi. Some years later when Humayun defeated Salem Shah near Panipat, he added a masonry Platform to it and called it ‘Chabutra" Fateh Mubarak, bearing the inspription 934 Hijri (A.D.1557). These buildings and the garden still exist under the name of Kabuli Bagh called so after Babur’s wife – Mussammat Kabuli begum.
A temple dedicated to local deity exists on the bank of a large tank. A Shiva temple believed to have been built by a Maratha named Mangal Raghunath who had remained in Panipat after the battle, also exists besides it.
According to the tradition, the site 8 Kilometers from Panipat and 42 Kilometers from Karnal, where Sadashiv Rao Bhau commanded his maratha forces during the third battle of Panipat was marked by a black Mango Tree (Kala Amb) which has since disappeared. The dark colour of its foliage was probably the origin of the name. The site has a brick Pillar with an iron rod and the structure is surrounded by an iron fence.The site is being developed and beautified by a society with Governor, Haryana as its President.
The countryside is no less famous than the city of Panipat remnants of various buildings and structure along with galical and archaeological interest.
This gate is situated in the middle of Panipat city historical importance to Nawab Salar Juge, The gate still denoting its archaeological interest .
Seven hundred years old this tomb is known as Dargah of Shah Kalandar Khizar Khan son of allau-din Khilji who got this tomb constructed. Bu-Ali-Shah kalander was born in 1190 A.D. His father’s name was Salar Fakirudin. There are tombs of Hakim Mukaram Khan and Khawaja Altaf Hussain Hali in the premises of this tomb. Hali was a great Urdu poet. A large number of people from all walks of life, Hindu, Muslims, Sikh and Christians visit the tomb of Shah Kalandar and offer prayers here on every Thursday.
Shri Ram Sharnam stands as an emblem of supreme devotion to Shri Ram and Selfless service of humanity in the war : ravaged historical city of Panipat. The grace and dignity of its congregation halls and its atmosphere suffused with piety and devotion attract devotees in large numbers. With ceutres spread all over India and abroad, Shri Ram Sharnam Panipat has the honour of being the only prayer hall inaugurated by Swami Satya Nandji himself in 1960, who described it as divinely inspired. swamiji's great disciple Maa Shakuntala Devi and Maa Darshi Devi, the present head of Shri Ram Sharnam have worked with great commitment and devotion to develop it into a singular place for the mental, moral and spiritual advancement of its innumerable devotees.
Now various mega malls have also been built in Panipat, for example Mittal Mega Mall, Angel Prime Mall and another five of them are about to open in nearby future
six-lane 10 km (6.2 mi) expressway is now functional to decongest the busy Delhi-Amritsar route.[18] The Panipat Expressway is an uplift of National Highway.
Panipat District
Panipat district is one of the 21 districts of Haryana state in northern India. The historical town of Panipat is the administrative headquarters of the district. The district occupies an area of 1268 km².-History:...
, Haryana
Haryana
Haryana is a state in India. Historically, it has been a part of the Kuru region in North India. The name Haryana is found mentioned in the 12th century AD by the apabhramsha writer Vibudh Shridhar . It is bordered by Punjab and Himachal Pradesh to the north, and by Rajasthan to the west and south...
state
States and territories of India
India is a federal union of states comprising twenty-eight states and seven union territories. The states and territories are further subdivided into districts and so on.-List of states and territories:...
, India. It is 90 km north from Delhi
Delhi
Delhi , officially National Capital Territory of Delhi , is the largest metropolis by area and the second-largest by population in India, next to Mumbai. It is the eighth largest metropolis in the world by population with 16,753,265 inhabitants in the Territory at the 2011 Census...
and 169 km south of Chandigarh
Chandigarh
Chandigarh is a union territory of India that serves as the capital of two states, Haryana and Punjab. The name Chandigarh translates as "The Fort of Chandi". The name is from an ancient temple called Chandi Mandir, devoted to the Hindu goddess Chandi, in the city...
on NH-1. The three battles
Battle of Panipat
There have been three Battles of Panipat:*The First Battle of Panipat , between the Mughal Babur and the Delhi Sultan Ibrahim Lodi, resulting in a Mughal victory....
fought at the city were turning points in Indian history. The city is famous in India by the name of "City of Weaver". The first verse of the Bhagavad Gita
Bhagavad Gita
The ' , also more simply known as Gita, is a 700-verse Hindu scripture that is part of the ancient Sanskrit epic, the Mahabharata, but is frequently treated as a freestanding text, and in particular, as an Upanishad in its own right, one of the several books that constitute general Vedic tradition...
is possibly referencing to Panipat as 'Dharmakshetra'
History
According to the legend, Panipat was one of the five cities (prasthas) founded by the PandavaPandava
In the Hindu epic Mahābhārata, the Pandava are the five acknowledged sons of Pandu , by his two wives Kunti and Madri. Their names are Yudhisthira, Bhima, Arjuna, Nakula and Sahadeva. Although, Karna is told by Lord Krishna that according to the laws and ethics he is the first son of Kunti making...
brothers during the times of the Mahabharata
Mahabharata
The Mahabharata is one of the two major Sanskrit epics of ancient India and Nepal, the other being the Ramayana. The epic is part of itihasa....
; its historic name being Panduprastha. Panipat was the scene of three pivotal battles in Indian history.
The First Battle of Panipat
First battle of Panipat
The first battle of Panipat took place in Northern India, and marked the beginning of the Mughal Empire. This was one of the earliest battles involving gunpowder firearms and field artillery.-Details:...
was fought on 21 April 1526 between Ibrahim Lodhi
Ibrahim Lodhi
Ibrahim Lodi was one of the ruler of the Lodi dynasty who became the last Sultan of the Delhi Sultanate in India. He was an Afghan who ruled over much of northern India from 1517 to 1526, when he was defeated by Babur's army.Lodi attained the throne upon the death of his father, Sikandar Lodi,...
, Sultan of Delhi
Delhi Sultanate
The Delhi Sultanate is a term used to cover five short-lived, Delhi based kingdoms or sultanates, of Turkic origin in medieval India. The sultanates ruled from Delhi between 1206 and 1526, when the last was replaced by the Mughal dynasty...
, and the Timurid
Timurid Dynasty
The Timurids , self-designated Gurkānī , were a Persianate, Central Asian Sunni Muslim dynasty of Turko-Mongol descent whose empire included the whole of Iran, modern Afghanistan, and modern Uzbekistan, as well as large parts of contemporary Pakistan, North India, Mesopotamia, Anatolia and the...
warlord Zaheeruddin Babur
Babur
Babur was a Muslim conqueror from Central Asia who, following a series of setbacks, finally succeeded in laying the basis for the Mughal dynasty of South Asia. He was a direct descendant of Timur through his father, and a descendant also of Genghis Khan through his mother...
. Babur's force defeated Ibrahim's much larger force of over one lakh (one hundred thousand) soldiers.This First battle of Panipat
First battle of Panipat
The first battle of Panipat took place in Northern India, and marked the beginning of the Mughal Empire. This was one of the earliest battles involving gunpowder firearms and field artillery.-Details:...
thus ended the 'Lodi Rule' established by Bahlul Lodhi in India.
The Second Battle of Panipat
Second battle of Panipat
The Second Battle of Panipat was fought between the forces of Samrat Hem Chandra Vikramaditya, popularly called Hemu, the Hindu king who was ruling North India from Delhi, and the army of Jalal ud-Din Muhammad Akbar, on November 5, 1556...
was fought on 5 November 1556 between the forces of Akbar and Samrat Hem Chandra Vikramaditya, a King of North India, who belonged to Rewari
Rewari
Rewari is a city and a municipal council in Rewari district in the Indian state of Haryana. It is located in south-west Haryana around from Delhi and from Gurgaon.- Etymology :...
in Haryana and had captured the large states of Agra
Agra
Agra a.k.a. Akbarabad is a city on the banks of the river Yamuna in the northern state of Uttar Pradesh, India, west of state capital, Lucknow and south from national capital New Delhi. With a population of 1,686,976 , it is one of the most populous cities in Uttar Pradesh and the 19th most...
and Delhi
Delhi
Delhi , officially National Capital Territory of Delhi , is the largest metropolis by area and the second-largest by population in India, next to Mumbai. It is the eighth largest metropolis in the world by population with 16,753,265 inhabitants in the Territory at the 2011 Census...
defeating Akbar's forces. This king, also known as Vikramaditya
Vikramaditya
Vikramaditya was a legendary emperor of Ujjain, India, famed for his wisdom, valour and magnanimity. The title "Vikramaditya" was later assumed by many other kings in Indian history, notably the Gupta King Chandragupta II and Samrat Hem Chandra Vikramaditya .The name King Vikramaditya is a...
had won 22 battles against the Afghan
Pashtun people
Pashtuns or Pathans , also known as ethnic Afghans , are an Eastern Iranic ethnic group with populations primarily between the Hindu Kush mountains in Afghanistan and the Indus River in Pakistan...
rebels from 1553–1556 from Punjab to Bengal
Bengal
Bengal is a historical and geographical region in the northeast region of the Indian Subcontinent at the apex of the Bay of Bengal. Today, it is mainly divided between the sovereign land of People's Republic of Bangladesh and the Indian state of West Bengal, although some regions of the previous...
, and had his coronation
Coronation
A coronation is a ceremony marking the formal investiture of a monarch and/or their consort with regal power, usually involving the placement of a crown upon their head and the presentation of other items of regalia...
at Purana Quila in Delhi
Delhi
Delhi , officially National Capital Territory of Delhi , is the largest metropolis by area and the second-largest by population in India, next to Mumbai. It is the eighth largest metropolis in the world by population with 16,753,265 inhabitants in the Territory at the 2011 Census...
on 7 October 1556 and had established 'Hindu Raj' in North India, before the 2nd battle of Panipat.Hem Chandra had a large army, and initially his forces were winning, but suddenly Hemu
Hemu
Samrat Hem Chandra Vikramaditya, Hemu Vikramaditya or simply Hemu was a Hindu Emperor of India during the sixteenth century, in medieval times...
was struck by an arrow in the eye and he lost his senses. On not seeing him in his Ohda on the back of an elephant, his army fled. He was later captured and beheaded by the Mughals. His head was sent to Kabul
Kabul
Kabul , spelt Caubul in some classic literatures, is the capital and largest city of Afghanistan. It is also the capital of the Kabul Province, located in the eastern section of Afghanistan...
to be hanged outside Delhi Darwaza and torso was hanged outside Purana Quila in Delhi. This Second battle of Panipat
Second battle of Panipat
The Second Battle of Panipat was fought between the forces of Samrat Hem Chandra Vikramaditya, popularly called Hemu, the Hindu king who was ruling North India from Delhi, and the army of Jalal ud-Din Muhammad Akbar, on November 5, 1556...
thus ended the 'Hindu Raj' established by Hemu
Hemu
Samrat Hem Chandra Vikramaditya, Hemu Vikramaditya or simply Hemu was a Hindu Emperor of India during the sixteenth century, in medieval times...
in north India, albeit for a short period.
The Third Battle of Panipat
Third battle of Panipat
The Third Battle of Panipat took place on 14 January 1761, at Panipat , about 60 miles north of Delhi between a northern expeditionary force of the Maratha Confederacy and a coalition of the King of Afghanistan, Ahmad Shah Abdali with 2 Indian Muslim allies—the Rohilla Afghans of the Doab, and the...
was fought in 1761 between the Afghan
Afghanistan
Afghanistan , officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country located in the centre of Asia, forming South Asia, Central Asia and the Middle East. With a population of about 29 million, it has an area of , making it the 42nd most populous and 41st largest nation in the world...
invader Ahmad Shah Abdali and the Marathas under Sadashivrao Bhau
Sadashivrao Bhau
Sadashivrao Bhau was son of Chimaji Appa and Rakhmabai and nephew of Peshwa Baji Rao I and served as the commander of the Maratha army.-Birth and early years:...
Peshwa
Peshwa
A Peshwa is the titular equivalent of a modern Prime Minister. Emporer Shivaji created the Peshwa designation in order to more effectively delegate administrative duties during the growth of the Maratha Empire. Prior to 1749, Peshwas held office for 8-9 years and controlled the Maratha army...
of Pune
Pune
Pune , is the eighth largest metropolis in India, the second largest in the state of Maharashtra after Mumbai, and the largest city in the Western Ghats. Once the centre of power of the Maratha Empire, it is situated 560 metres above sea level on the Deccan plateau at the confluence of the Mula ...
. Ahmad Shah won but with a very heavy casualty rate on both sides. It resulted in the worst defeat of Marathas in their history. The war led to a power vacuum which later led to the British conquest of India. The famous Urdu shayar Maulana Hali
Maulana Hali
Maulana Altaf Hussain Hali was an Urdu poet, and Writer. Hali occupies a special position in the history of Urdu literature. He was a poet, a critic, a teacher, a reformer and an impressive prose-writer...
was born in Panipat.
Geography
Panipat is located at 29.39°N 76.97°E. It has an average elevation of 219 metres (718 feet).Panipat is situated on Shershah Suri Marg (now known as G.T. road or NH-1), 90 KM north of Delhi. On three sides, Panipat district boundaries touch other districts of Haryana – Karnal
Karnal
Karnal is an important city and the headquarters of Karnal District in the Indian state of Haryana.Karnal is said to have been founded by the Kauravas in the Mahabharata era for the king Karna, a mythological hero and a key figure in the epic tale...
in the north, Jind
Jind
Jind is a town in Jind District, Harayana state, India.It is one of the oldest districts of Harayana. It is one of the first Sikh Kingdoms. It lies in central Haryana and is the fourth district of the Jat belt .The city is beautiful...
in the west and Sonipat
Sonipat
Sonipat , also spelled as Sonepat, is an ancient town and a municipal council in Sonipat district in the state of Haryana, India. It comes under National Capital Region and is 45 km north of Delhi. The Yamuna River runs along the eastern boundary of the district...
in the south. Panipat district borders the state of Uttar Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh abbreviation U.P. , is a state located in the northern part of India. With a population of over 200 million people, it is India's most populous state, as well as the world's most populous sub-national entity...
across the Yamuna
Yamuna
The Yamuna is the largest tributary river of the Ganges in northern India...
river in the east.
Panipat was a part of Karnal
Karnal
Karnal is an important city and the headquarters of Karnal District in the Indian state of Haryana.Karnal is said to have been founded by the Kauravas in the Mahabharata era for the king Karna, a mythological hero and a key figure in the epic tale...
district until 31 October 1989. It was separated from Karnal
Karnal
Karnal is an important city and the headquarters of Karnal District in the Indian state of Haryana.Karnal is said to have been founded by the Kauravas in the Mahabharata era for the king Karna, a mythological hero and a key figure in the epic tale...
, along with another subdivision, the Assandh
Assandh
Assandh is a city and a municipal committee in Karnal district in the state of Haryana, India.-Demographics: India census, Assandh had a population of 22,707. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Assandh has an average literacy rate of 62%, higher than the national average of...
tehsil. When the district was re-formed on 1 January 1992, the Assandh
Assandh
Assandh is a city and a municipal committee in Karnal district in the state of Haryana, India.-Demographics: India census, Assandh had a population of 22,707. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Assandh has an average literacy rate of 62%, higher than the national average of...
tehsil was excluded. The newly constructed flyover across the Grand Trunk Road
Grand Trunk Road
The Grand Trunk Road also formerly known as Uttarapatha, Shah Rah-e-Azam or Sadak-e-Azam or Badshahi Sadak is one of South Asia's oldest and longest major roads...
completed in the year 2008 is one of the longest flyovers in India
India
India , officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world...
.
Demographics
An official Census 2011 detail of Panipat, a district of Haryana has been released by Directorate of Census Operations in Haryana. Enumeration of key persons was also done by census officials in Panipat District of Haryana.In 2011, Panipat had population of 1,202,811 of which male and female were 646,324 and 556,487 respectively. There was change of 24.33 percent in the population compared to population as per 2001. In the previous census of India 2001, Panipat District recorded increase of 38.58 percent to its population compared to 1991.
The initial provisional data suggest a density of 949 in 2011 compared to 763 of 2001. Total area under Panipat district is of about 1,268 km2.
Average literacy rate of Panipat in 2011 were 77.50 compared to 69.20 of 2001. If things are looked out at gender wise, male and female literacy were 85.40 and 68.20 respectively. For 2001 census, same figures stood at 78.50 and 58.00 in Panipat District. Total literate in Panipat District were 803,663 of which male and female were 475,230 and 328,433 respectively. In 2001, Panipat District had 352,512 in its total region.
With regards to Sex Ratio in Panipat, it stood at 861 per 1000 male compared to 2001 census figure of 829. The average national sex ratio in India is 940 as per latest reports of Census 2011 Directorate.
In census enumeration, data regarding child under 0-6 age were also collected for all districts including Panipat. There were total 164,747 children under age of 0-6 against 143,262 of 2001 census. Of total 164,747 male and female were 89,873 and 74,874 respectively. Child Sex Ratio as per census 2011 was 833 compared to 808 of census 2001. In 2011, Children under 0-6 formed 13.70 percent of Panipat District compared to 14.81 percent of 2001. There was net change of -1.11 percent in this compared to previous census of India.
In 2001 census, Panipat District's population was at 4.74 percent of Haryana population.
Industries
Textile industry
The textile industry is primarily concerned with the production of yarn, and cloth and the subsequent design or manufacture of clothing and their distribution. The raw material may be natural, or synthetic using products of the chemical industry....
and carpets. It is the biggest centre for quality blankets and carpets in India and has a handloom weaving
Weaving
Weaving is a method of fabric production in which two distinct sets of yarns or threads are interlaced at right angles to form a fabric or cloth. The other methods are knitting, lace making and felting. The longitudinal threads are called the warp and the lateral threads are the weft or filling...
industry. In addition, Panipat city is the biggest centre of "Shoddy Yarn" in the World. Blankets prepared through Handloom and Power loom are sent to soldiers. The Samalkha subdivision of this district is famous for Foundry of Agriculture instruments. In this way, this district, which is continuously developing on the industrial base, has an unlimited employment capacity. Not only from Haryana but Businessmen and Engineers and unemployed worker artist Weavers and labour from other states of India visit here in search of employment and settle here permanently.
Panipat also has heavy industry, with a refinery of the Indian Oil Corporation
Indian Oil Corporation
Indian Oil Corporation Limited, or IndianOil, is an Indian state-owned oil and gas corporation with its headquarters are in Mumbai, India. It is India’s largest commercial enterprise, ranked 98th on the Fortune Global 500 list for 2011...
, a National Thermal Power Corporation
National Thermal Power Corporation
NTPC Limited is the largest Indian state-owned energy service provider based in New Delhi, India. It is listed in Forbes Global 2000 for 2010 ranked it 341st in the world...
power plant and a National Fertilizers Limited plant.
Some salient features of industry in Panipat include:
- Three major public sector projects: the Indian Oil Corporation oil refineryOil refineryAn oil refinery or petroleum refinery is an industrial process plant where crude oil is processed and refined into more useful petroleum products, such as gasoline, diesel fuel, asphalt base, heating oil, kerosene, and liquefied petroleum gas...
, the National Fertilizers Limited plant and the thermal power stationThermal power stationA thermal power station is a power plant in which the prime mover is steam driven. Water is heated, turns into steam and spins a steam turbine which drives an electrical generator. After it passes through the turbine, the steam is condensed in a condenser and recycled to where it was heated; this...
. - Biggest centre in the country for producing shoddy (recycled) yarn, and a large consumer of rags for reprocessing.
- Biggest centre in the country for producing low priced blankets, a traditional supplier of barrack blankets to the armed forces.
- Biggest centre in the country engaged in export of cotton durries, made-ups, throws and mats.
- Samalkha, a small town near Panipat, is known for foundry work and supply of agricultural machinery to neighbouring Uttar PradeshUttar PradeshUttar Pradesh abbreviation U.P. , is a state located in the northern part of India. With a population of over 200 million people, it is India's most populous state, as well as the world's most populous sub-national entity...
. - Relatively high wages compared to the Indian national average – a worker earns Rs.300/- to 450/- per day on Handloom/ Powerloom.
- The town has infrastructure such as rail, road and inland container depots well suited to industry and export.
- The town also boasts of a fledgling software industry. Faynix TechnologiesFaynix TechnologiesFaynix Technologies Ltd, is a privately held IT Software and Services company that provides services in software development & Internet Marketing...
is the leading Information Technology(IT) Services provider in the city.
Places Of Interest
The main places of attraction are "Panipat Battles Museum", HemuHemu
Samrat Hem Chandra Vikramaditya, Hemu Vikramaditya or simply Hemu was a Hindu Emperor of India during the sixteenth century, in medieval times...
'Samadhi-sthal' and camp site of Babur and Akbar at village Sodhapur, the grave of Ibrahim Lodhi, Kabuli Bagh, Devi Mandir, Kala Amb
Kala Amb
Kala Amb is an Industrial Area in Sirmaur district in the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh. At present Kalaamb is an emerging town for industries as it hosts production units for Paper, Metal, chemicals, thread mills and Air-Conditioners; thus air pollution is quite a concern here...
, Salar Gunj Gate, and the tomb of the thirteenth century sufi saint
Saint
A saint is a holy person. In various religions, saints are people who are believed to have exceptional holiness.In Christian usage, "saint" refers to any believer who is "in Christ", and in whom Christ dwells, whether in heaven or in earth...
Bu Ali Shah Qalandar
Bu Ali Shah Qalandar
Shaikh Sharafuddeen Bu Ali Qalandar Panipati was a Sufi saint of the Chishtī Order who lived in India. His dargah in the town of Panipat is a place of pilgrimage....
.
- Panipat Museum:
The Battle of Panipat Memorial society set-up by the Government of Haryana, highlights the major events that took place for over two hundred years which made Panipat a place of great historical importance.
Panipat Museum has been especially established for disseminating information about archaeology, history, art and crafts of Haryana with special emphasis on the Battles of Panipat which marked the turning point in Indian history, The display of antiquities, inscription, sculptures, arms and armours, Pottery, old and valuable documents, jewellery and art and craft objects, have been augumented by maps, writeups photographs and translides, etc. Through display an attempt has been made to provide an insight into the acts of bravery of some valiant and patriotic warrios who sacrificed their lives at Panipat. These include, Samrat Hem Chandra Vikramaditya-a local hero who belonged to Haryana, Raja Surja Mal of Bharatpur, Vikramaditya (Vikramajit) of Gwalior, Maharaja of Patiala, Sher Shar SURI Sadashiv Rao Bhau, Vishwas Rao Peshwa, and Tukuj Shinde. Enlarged photographs of a large number of important miniatures, mostly from Babur-Nama and Akbar-Nama, relating to these battles and personalities connected therewith, have been obtained from the National Museum of New Delhi, The British Library, Victoria and Albert Museum of London. A Large number of contemporary weapons, armoury, guns, etc. have been acquired through loan from the Archaeological Survey of India,
The Department of Archaeology and Museums, Haryana is also associated with this project, has donated a large number of items for display in this Museum. These include replicas of a large number of artifacts in the form of status, pottery, coins, etc. which were collected from the excavated sites in Haryana besides a number of blow-ups of building and sites of historical and archaeological importance. In addition, a large number of items of traditional art have been procured from various districts of haryana with the help of District Administration which exhibit a glimpse of haryana’s traditional art.
- Grave of Ibrahim Lodhi :
The tomb is situated near a Tehsil Office at Panipat. Ibrahim Lodhi fought fiercely with his uncle Babur, in the battle known to us today as the "First Battle of Panipat" and was slain and buried at this place. It was one of Sher Shah Suri’s dying regret that he could never fulfill his intention of erecting a tomb to the fallem monarch. Much later, the British erected a plain plateform over the place, with a short Urdu Insscription on it.
Another memorial of some kind, however, appears to have existed which used to formm a place of pilgrimage for the people of Gwalior since Vikramaditya the last Raja of the old Towrebs dyansty of Gwalior, fell in the same battle. This memorial, according to general Cunningham, was destroyed when the Grand Trunk Road was made.
- Hemu's Samadhi Sthal:
After Hemu's beheading at the Camp of Akbar at Saundhapur on Jind Road at Panipat, his head was sent to Kabul to be hanged outside the 'Delhi Darwaza' and his torso was hanged on a gibbet outside Purana Quila in Delhi to terrorise locals. After few years Hemu's supporters, constructed a Samadhi over the place where he was beheaded. The place and its surroundings are slowly encroached upon by local people. This is the only memorial of Hemu in Panipat, but in bad condition.
- Kabuli Bagh:
The garden of Kabuli Bagh along with a mosque and a tank was built by Babur after the First battle to commemorate his victory over Ibrahim Lodhi. Some years later when Humayun defeated Salem Shah near Panipat, he added a masonry Platform to it and called it ‘Chabutra" Fateh Mubarak, bearing the inspription 934 Hijri (A.D.1557). These buildings and the garden still exist under the name of Kabuli Bagh called so after Babur’s wife – Mussammat Kabuli begum.
- Devi Temple:
A temple dedicated to local deity exists on the bank of a large tank. A Shiva temple believed to have been built by a Maratha named Mangal Raghunath who had remained in Panipat after the battle, also exists besides it.
- Kala AmbKala AmbKala Amb is an Industrial Area in Sirmaur district in the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh. At present Kalaamb is an emerging town for industries as it hosts production units for Paper, Metal, chemicals, thread mills and Air-Conditioners; thus air pollution is quite a concern here...
:
According to the tradition, the site 8 Kilometers from Panipat and 42 Kilometers from Karnal, where Sadashiv Rao Bhau commanded his maratha forces during the third battle of Panipat was marked by a black Mango Tree (Kala Amb) which has since disappeared. The dark colour of its foliage was probably the origin of the name. The site has a brick Pillar with an iron rod and the structure is surrounded by an iron fence.The site is being developed and beautified by a society with Governor, Haryana as its President.
The countryside is no less famous than the city of Panipat remnants of various buildings and structure along with galical and archaeological interest.
- Salar Gunj Gate:
This gate is situated in the middle of Panipat city historical importance to Nawab Salar Juge, The gate still denoting its archaeological interest .
- Tomb of Bu-Ali Shah Kalandar:
Seven hundred years old this tomb is known as Dargah of Shah Kalandar Khizar Khan son of allau-din Khilji who got this tomb constructed. Bu-Ali-Shah kalander was born in 1190 A.D. His father’s name was Salar Fakirudin. There are tombs of Hakim Mukaram Khan and Khawaja Altaf Hussain Hali in the premises of this tomb. Hali was a great Urdu poet. A large number of people from all walks of life, Hindu, Muslims, Sikh and Christians visit the tomb of Shah Kalandar and offer prayers here on every Thursday.
- Shri Ram Sharnam:
Shri Ram Sharnam stands as an emblem of supreme devotion to Shri Ram and Selfless service of humanity in the war : ravaged historical city of Panipat. The grace and dignity of its congregation halls and its atmosphere suffused with piety and devotion attract devotees in large numbers. With ceutres spread all over India and abroad, Shri Ram Sharnam Panipat has the honour of being the only prayer hall inaugurated by Swami Satya Nandji himself in 1960, who described it as divinely inspired. swamiji's great disciple Maa Shakuntala Devi and Maa Darshi Devi, the present head of Shri Ram Sharnam have worked with great commitment and devotion to develop it into a singular place for the mental, moral and spiritual advancement of its innumerable devotees.
Now various mega malls have also been built in Panipat, for example Mittal Mega Mall, Angel Prime Mall and another five of them are about to open in nearby future
- Mittal Mega Mall, Sec 25 HUDA, Panipat
- Angel Prime Mall, Sec 11 HUDA
- Ram Lal Chowk, Model Town, Panipat
- ABC(amar bhavan chowk is having wholesale handloom and textile market, which is famous all over the world.)
Panipat Elevated Expressway
Panipat Elevated ExpresswayPanipat Elevated Expressway
Panipat Elevated Expressway is an Indian elevated expressway located in Panipat, Haryana. The expressway was built to ease the traffic on NH-1 between Delhi and Amritsar. It is 10 km long....
six-lane 10 km (6.2 mi) expressway is now functional to decongest the busy Delhi-Amritsar route.[18] The Panipat Expressway is an uplift of National Highway.
Schools
- Arya Girls Public School
- Kendriya Vidyalaya, NFL Township
- St. Mary's Convent School, Jyotir Nagar
- M A S D Public School
- DPS Panipat City
- Dr m.k.k arya model School
- Bal Vikas School
- DAV Thermal Township
- DAV Cent.Public School,HUDA
- Asian Public School
- Tagore Public School
- Bal Niketan Public School
- Arya senior secondary school,G.t.ROAD,PANIPAT
- PTPS senior secondary school Thermal township
- SD Modern Sr. Sec. School
- G.D Goenka Public School
- The Millennium Public School
- MJR
- R.N. Public School
- k.l school
- S.D Modern sr. sec. school
- Gyan Deep public school
- Sanatan Dharam Vidya Mandir (Senior Wing and Junior Wing)
- DPS Panipat Refinery Township
- I(B).L. Public school
- Bal Vikas Progressive School
- S D Sr. Sec. School
- S.D Boys Sr. sec . School
- Victor Public School
- Guru Nanak Public School
- Heritage convent school
- Dyal Singh Public School
- Jain School
General colleges
- NC College of Engineering
- S D (PG) College
- I B College
- Arya (PG) College, panipat
- NC College of Engineering, Israna (FOR MBA)
- Asia pacific institute of information technology(affiliated to Staffordshire University, U.K.)
- Tau devi lal memorial college manana.
- Brightway Institute of Technology (BIT) Panipat city
- S D I T M
- N.C. College for engineering (Women)
Engineering colleges & Management Colleges
- R.N. College of Engineering & Technology (RNCET), Madlauda (Panipat)
- IIPS, G.T.Road, Panipat.
- Panipat Institute of Engineering & Technology, Samalkha
- Sansi Institute of Theft Technology, Vikash Nagar, Panipat
- Garg Institute of Information Technology (GIIT Panipat)
- Asia Pacific Institute of information technology, Panipat
- Samalkha Group of Institutions, hathwala Road (Panipat)
- Geeta Institute of Management and technology,Naultha, Panipat( An ISO 9001:2009 Certified Institute) Approved by AICTE & Affiliated to Kurukshetra University
- Vaish Girls Collage Samalkha,Panipat.
- S.D.I.T.M.,Israna,Panipat (Affiliated to Kurukshetra University)