Panaeolus papilionaceus var. papilionaceus
Encyclopedia
Panaeolus papilionaceus var. papilionaceus, also known as Agaricus calosus, Panaeolus papilionaceus, Panaeolus campanulatus, Panaeolus retirugis, and Panaeolus sphinctrinus, and commonly known as Petticoat mottlegill, is a common and widely distributed little brown mushroom that feeds on dung
Coprophilous fungi
Coprophilous fungi are a type of saprobic fungi that grow on animal dung. The hardy spores of coprophilous species are unwittingly consumed by herbivores from vegetation, and are excreted along with the plant matter...

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This mushroom is the type species
Type species
In biological nomenclature, a type species is both a concept and a practical system which is used in the classification and nomenclature of animals and plants. The value of a "type species" lies in the fact that it makes clear what is meant by a particular genus name. A type species is the species...

 for the genus Panaeolus
Panaeolus
Panaeolus is a genus of small, black-spored, saprotrophic agarics. The word Panaeolus is Greek for "all variegated", alluding to the spotted gills of the mushrooms produced.- Characteristics :...

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Description

  • Cap: 1 – 5 cm across, obtusely conic, grayish brown, not hygrophanous, becoming campanulate in age, margin adorned with white toothlike partial veil fragments when young, flesh thin.
  • Gills: adnate to adnexed close to crowded, one or two tiers of intermediate gills, pale gray, acquiring a mottled, blackish appearance in age, with whitish edges.
  • Spores: 12 - 18 x 7-10 µm, elliptical, smooth, with an apical pore, spore print black.
  • Stipe: 6 – 12 cm by 2 – 4 mm, gray-brown, darker where handled, paler toward the apex, fibrous and pruinose.
  • Odor: Mild.
  • Taste: Unappetizing.
  • Microscopic features: Basidia 4-sterigmate; abruptly clavate. Cheilocystidia abundant; subcylindric, often subcapitate or capitate.


Does not contain psilocybin
Psilocybin
Psilocybin is a naturally occurring psychedelic prodrug, with mind-altering effects similar to those of LSD and mescaline, after it is converted to psilocin. The effects can include altered thinking processes, perceptual distortions, an altered sense of time, and spiritual experiences, as well as...

, however several very similar looking Panaeolus species have small amounts.

Habitat and formation

Singly or in small groups on cow/horse dung and moose droppings, and in pastures, widely distributed in North America, spring, summer, and fall and through the winter in warmer climates. It can be found in countries including Canada
Canada
Canada is a North American country consisting of ten provinces and three territories. Located in the northern part of the continent, it extends from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west, and northward into the Arctic Ocean...

 (Alberta
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Alberta is a province of Canada. It had an estimated population of 3.7 million in 2010 making it the most populous of Canada's three prairie provinces...

, British Columbia
British Columbia
British Columbia is the westernmost of Canada's provinces and is known for its natural beauty, as reflected in its Latin motto, Splendor sine occasu . Its name was chosen by Queen Victoria in 1858...

), the United States (Alabama
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, Alaska, California
California
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, Colorado
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, Florida
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, Indiana
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, Louisiana
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, Maine
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, Massachusetts
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, Missouri
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, Montana
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, New Mexico
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, Texas
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, Washington,), the Caribbean (Bahamas, Cuba
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, San Vincent Island), Chile
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, Colombia
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, Uruguay
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, France
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, The Netherlands, Macedonia
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, Mexico
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, Norway
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, Slovenia
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, South Africa
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, Uganda
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, China
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, Iran
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, Lithuania
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, Kuwait
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, and the Philippines
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.

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