Olya
Encyclopedia
Olya is a rural locality (selo) in Limansky District
of Astrakhan Oblast
, Russia
, on the shore of one of the largest branches of the river Volga Bakhtemir in immediate vicinity of the Caspian Sea
about 120 km southwest of Astrakhan
. It serves as a port on the Caspian Sea
. In 2010 in the territory of the settlement recorded in 1372 farmsteads, the number of resident population 3752 people. The port's cargo turnover is approximately 2.5 million tons (as of April 2006).
. The wordOlga- Kalmyk
origin, was the name of a small hatchet Kalmyk. Olya village once located on the island, similar to the shape of a hatchet, hence, suggest where the name of the village. From the south and west of Olya on such islands were other villages: in the south, two kilometers - Chant and three kilometers - Quarantine, on the south-west - Kalmyk Haughton Korya. Island villages separated by small channels. From the north island to the village water washed Bakhtemir Olga, from the east - coast. Gradually the sea went. The river water receded, the straits between the islands meleli, buried in sand and silt until it disappeared. Gradually growing, Olya and villages around it merged with each other, forming a locality on maps designated as the village of Olya. Local residents in the old give different names to different parts of the village. Southern region of the village called Forest, south-west - Korya. The name Olga is the northern part of town, directly adjacent to Bakhtemir, long live here anglers - both legal and illegal dealing with the fishing industry. The main village of fishing families live Olya in this area, close to rivers. In the west, near the village of Olga Basta is a Kalmyk.
The first settlers were on Olga former prisoners Khans
Central Asia
- Khiva
and Bukhara
. They were the descendants of serfs
landlord
Durenova in Simbirsk, which were then in possession of a landowner, first Chubareva then Milashevoy. From the latter, they moved her to the closest relative, the rich Astrakhan fishermen Sapozhnikov and were brought to live in his castle estate on the lower Volga in the village: Harban Zhitnaya Sedlistoe etc.
Before the revolution in the village, there were about 90 yards of buildings, many of which were made of wood. Ola hill (the fishermen call it more so) the front end of a promontory sticking out far in the pre-space. Often, strong wind from the sea skeletons flooded village. Since November 12 1910, due to a hurricane with sea water has risen by 5 yards, 37 yards washed away, leaving only absolutely integral 8, killing all the equipment, property, livestock, there were casualties. Natural phenomena such residents were forced to move from its buildings back. Some transferred their home from one place up to 2-3 times.
In the summer of 1941, the village consisted of Olga few short streets, clinging to the right bank Bakhtemir. To the south of the village, with Eric Chantinka, lay a small Kalmyk Korya Haughton, consisting of two streets, and "violent settlement" (several households). Now both the village merged into one.
Old-timers - Galina and Michael Artemovich Konoplyuk remember:
Not far from the marina, three hundred meters upstream Bakhtemir, and was tehuchastok. They pestered boats, ships with cargo ship repair was performed. On tehuchastke they were loaded with fish, melons, vegetables. From the same soldier sent from Olga, and nearby villages.
The most severe was 1942 year. The aim of the Nazis was to capture Astrakhan
and take over access to the Volga. They were eager to Astrakhan in the Kalmyk steppe. Olya village acquired strategic importance. Often with enemy aircraft dropped bombs along the Volga and the Ilmen Chad. The village was the most southern defensive lines at the output of the Caspian Sea
. For this reason, in the summer 1942, the building housed St. Nicholas Church headquarters unit anti-aircraft gunner, which consisted mainly of girls 18-22 years old. At the site of today's park were dug trenches and depressions, which were masked artillery. Of these, anti-aircraft gunner fired at the aircraft overflying enemy. After the defeat of the Germans at Stalingrad, anti-aircraft gunner sent to the front.
In early autumn, 1942, to the landing-stage moored barge with the soldiers, among whom were Olinsky. It was still quite warm, but the soldiers were dressed in overcoats, boots and armed with rifles. Without stopping, they headed towards the village of gouge (now Lyman).
Exacerbate the situation in the desert gang who attacked convoys of civilians and poisoned water wells in the steppe.
Around November 1942, the barge arrived in the village of cavalry corps.
The main objective of all residents, not gone to the front, was supplying troops with food and clothing.
All the work was on the shoulders of women. In agriculture, employed over 700 people. Women worked at rybodobyche. Mastered the cultivation and rice, and cotton.
, which level is constantly rising and falling. In prehistoric times the whole area was flooded and about 15 thousand years ago the sea receded. Settlement and its surroundings are located on the plain aggradation
below sea level, as most of the Astrakhan Oblast
. A notable feature of the plains are Baer knolls.
Lakes of ilmenite located between the ridges of hills (Big Chad Little Chad Zaburunye, Big Rusnur, Small Rusnur, Gyunhara, Salty, Sazanov, Korsunkin, etc.). The largest settlement in the vicinity of Ilmen - Big Chad.
, thistle couch
sedge
, and prostrate summer cypress etc. There are also pockets of bush zhidovilnika. Semi-aquatic vegetation is represented by reed
and chakanom forming impassable thickets. Many Erik entirely covered with thickets zhidovilnika. Among the trees are numerous willow
and elm
.
, dry. The air temperature about 2-3 ° C higher than in the regional center. For the territory is characterized by constant wind. Spring (March, April) begins to blow south wind - the sea. Wind picks up a lot of sand and dust, sometimes creating poor visibility. Winds begin to subside with the first rains. In May-June has the greatest amount of precipitation in the form of torrential rains, sometimes with rain. In the second half of the summer starts winds
, which continues until the end of September. The hottest period from mid-summer to mid-September, is characterized by low rainfall. Fall is usually dry and warm. The first frosts occur in early November. Winters are mild. In view of the continental climate, the weather is uncertain: often severe frost thaws replaced.
for walk-through and semi-migratory fish. The main source of pollution is Bakhtemir port, as well as freighters
and river boats. In water contaminant heavy metals and petroleum products. The excess of the norm a small but growing concern is the capacity of the port, which will lead to a deterioration in water quality due to the receipt of pollutants.
For some soil characteristic leaching. Measurements have shown a slight excess of the highway from the norm. A large contribution to air pollution contributes a growing number of motor vehicles and rail transport.
Eric Chantinka flowing through the town, has a poor condition. Pollution by heavy metals exceeds 1.5 times the performance of Bakhtemir. Eric recorded in excess of normal pathogens. Most likely this is due to the uncontrolled release of waste directly into the Erik. The dismal state of the territory of the settlement associated with natural dump household garbage. Therefore, it is important to the administration to carry out actions on the obstruction of landfills, and conversations with people, campaigning for maintaining the frequency of settlement and surrounding areas.
, there was a need for the merchant fleet and the creation of Flotilla base in the region. After the preliminary design study for the construction of the future port site was chosen near the village of Olga Liman district in the Volga-Caspian canal Astrakhan Oblast
. The project is implemented port Moscow Institute "Soyuzmorniiproekt."
Construction of the port began with the adoption of decrees of the President of Russia from 31.10.92, № 1314 "On State Support for the revival of the Russian merchant fleet in the Caspian Sea," from 03.12.92, № 1513 "On measures to revitalize the merchant fleet of Russia" program of revival of trade fleet of Russia in 1993-2000, approved by the Government of Russia from 08.10.93, № 996.
June 3 1997 was put into operation the first port with a capacity of cargo handling about 400 tons per year. In the second half of the 90s to the docks from the highway, Olja Zaburunye Lyman
was built access road of major types of length of 3 km. Roads in the "Outpost" is connected with the road znacheniya.V nationwide January 2006, during the reorganization of the ownership of Federal State Unitary Enterprise "North Caspian Sea Shipping Company", the sale of port property and the procedures for bankruptcy was established Open Joint Stock Company "Sea Commercial Port of Olga." January 29 2009, the EGM decided to rename the Open Joint Stock Company "Sea Commercial Port Olya" in the Open Joint Stock Company "First Stevedoring Company", which is the successor of Open Joint Stock Company "Sea Commercial Port of Olga" . The purpose of the Society is the restoration of stevedoring activities in the existing port facilities and the project of multifunctional sea port in the south, one of the new ports in Russia, involving both public and private capital. Stevedoring company - the company that owns a berth in the port, and it carries Handling
on this dock. On April 2006, the capacity of the port is 2.5 million tons. At the end of 2008, in a year-round has four berths with a depth of 5.0 meters at the pier, just the first of two planned commercial areas will be 13 berths. As a result of 2009, the company had profits amounting to 895 thousand rubles. Which is almost 36 times greater than in 2008 year. Part of the object is federally owned and administered by "Rosmorport". In addition to federal funds for construction of the port is enabled as a substantial part of private investment. Investor of private facilities in the port of Olya is CJSC "Commercial Sea port of Olya" (termed earlier - CJSC "Industrial investments"). The main developer of the port is OOO "Ola construction company."
The basic form of port - transhipment general containers and the car ferry cargo. Advantageous geographical location creates conditions for the cargo transshipments year-round, provides access to the river, sea, road and railways. After his year-round reloaded foreign trade goods of the following Caspian Sea
in Iran, Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan, the Indian ways. The port is open to international shipping, there are border checkpoints, and Customs posts
. Basically, all the berths are located frontally along the coastline. The construction of berthing front provided on both sides of the existing berths № 1,2,3 shore at the site of the village of Olga to Caspian Canal. Berths № 4,5, including the backcourt, form a single complex - Terminal rolling cargo. Hydraulic construction - berth number 5 - is included in the general scheme of construction and development of commercial sea port of Olya, which is funded from the federal budget.
The development of international trade port Olya is a key project that can change the balance of traffic flows passing through the Caspian Sea region. Among the advantages of the port - maximum proximity to the Caspian Sea, the large free area for development; unlimited opportunities for growth in port capacity, the introduction of modern technologies of intensive processing of goods for the engineering and transportation.
Olya was designed and created as one of the projects that make up the trade relationship with the Iran
. During the 2009 year through the port handled 773 thousand tons of foreign cargo. In import
of Iran is dominated by fruits and nuts, as well as food processing vegetables and fruit
. The structure of the Russian transport export cargo
through the port of Olya in recent years shows quite well-established range of goods: metal, sawn timber
Paper
. In particular, one of the "running" of the Russian export cargo
- grain
- it will be possible transshipment in port after the introduction of the grain terminal, whose construction began in late April 2010 year. Starting capacity of this complex will be 500 thousand tons per year, with a consequent increase in the full development of up to 1 million tons. Simultaneous storage capacity up 36.6 thousand tons of construction completion scheduled for late 2010 year. Another export cargo
coming in Iran
- vegetable oil. Under his handling at the port terminal under construction with capacity of 10-12 tons per month (berth number 6), its entry is also planned for the 2010 year. For dry cargoes, in particular, iron
, designed the first cargo seaport area, which is located on the shore Bakhtemir and immediately adjacent to the south to the village of Olga. At present, the port takes timber, oil, ferrous metals, grain, chemicals, automobiles, paper and other goods.
Development of the Russian port of Astrakhan Oblast
will create an effective element for the functioning of the international transport corridor "North-South" and change the balance of traffic flows passing through the region Caspian Sea
. It will facilitate the involvement of Russia and other countries in the process of world trade, as well as send some traffic from the EU
in South Asia
through the Central Asian and Middle Eastern states.
Olya port on the Caspian Sea
is promising for developing a port for all types of cargo with volumes of transshipment, as predicted by "Rosmorport" to 2020, at least 10 million tons. Gradually, he will take on a cargo handled at terminals in the Astrakhan
(about 3.5-5 million tons). Port area of 250-300 ha can count on such developments. While another nearby Makhachkala port
will be developed in collaboration with the port. At the same time, the Dagestani port will retain the transshipment of oil cargo. Planned throughput for the liquid cargo in the port of Makhachkala reaches 15 million tons. Establishment of an expanded port. Infrastructure in the future will be one of the main advantages of the port of Olya, compared with the existing ports of the Caspian Sea. Currently existing port facilities of the Russian coast of the Caspian Sea is clearly not cope with growing freight traffic. The new port can be a good alternative for the construction of marine terminals in this area. In 2010, the turnover of Olga may have reached 1 million tonnes due to working with metals, and building materials. Further intensive development of offshore oil fields in the Caspian Sea, as the Russians and other countries will be an additional incentive for the development of regional port infrastructure. Planned opening of the inland waterways of Russia (mainly the southern half rings of Astrakhan, Olya to Rostov) can significantly enhance the role of the Russian Caspian Sea ports. Ports will be able to transit goods of other countries, in particular, Kazakhstan
, actively building a private fleet. With the commissioning of berths
and port infrastructure had placed high hopes on the socio-economic development of southern Russia, Astrakhan Oblast
and the entire transportation system. Prospective turnover after construction can take up to 30 million tons per year. This volume of goods subject to possible diversion of transit Europe - Iran, which is now done through the Suez Canal
.
. Flights from the bus made daily.
The railway branch was constructed in the shortest possible time. In order to ensure the commissioning of the station and ferrying it was constructed simultaneously from both sides. Unloaded at the station Yandyki rail-shpalnye bars on heavy vehicles were taken to build power stations Olga. Transported to the same puteukladchik went to the station Yandyki collecting railway line
.
Station port Olya, sludge and the way the way to go port berths were built at the same time. Administrative building of the station was equipped with the necessary means of communication with computers, office equipment, conditions for eating the station employees.
In July 2004, the opening ceremony of the railway line Yandyki - Port Olya. Less than a year approach station Olga received the status of the tariff. However, one can not ignore the problems of this branch is closely related to the development of the port. Port can not handle the unloading of the stated and arrived at his address of wagons, which greatly complicates the work of Astrakhan site. Easy cars awaiting unloading on average 15 days (December 2007).
with the cities of Turkmenbashi
( Turkmenistan
) and Anzali ( Iran
). On 2005 year ferry service is available with the city Baku
(Azerbaijan
), Turkmenbashi
(Turkmenistan
), Aktau
( Kazakhstan
), Anzali (Iran
).
(1993). The concept provides for the appropriation status of the settlement "the city of Olga." The positive trend of increasing cargo
and increase the area of port development create conditions to attract workers. First of all staff recruited from local residents. With the advent of large investments in port, there is hope for improvement of infrastructure (road repair, landscaping, small business development, social development, etc.). Employment and improvement of living conditions will significantly increase the growth of the local population.
Preliminary number of village Olya (the future of the city) in the "Concept" was set at 13.0 thousand inhabitants. However, given the experience of similar structures (in Russia and abroad), is currently difficult to predict the intensity of development of settlements in the future, and in this project, tentatively, the population is taken in $ 20.0 thousand.
Planning, organization and conditions for the development of maritime ports in the region as well as areas for development of the city is. Currently, a General Plan for Human Settlements s.Lesnoe, s.Basta and s.Olya MO "Ola village council" in the future city of Olya.
As part of the project is aimed at the port waters of port facilities with a total length of berths
about 5 km, reservation areas for possible development in the area of industrial and commercial facilities and warehouses for transshipment and other goods.
In addition, they plan to strengthen the role of the district center ( village Lyman) and the strengthening of the reference frame formed settlements on the basis of organizational and business functions support centers settlement systems. The future will remain 24 rural settlements, due to a small sseleniya (p.Zaburunny) and three small towns, which will be part of the new city.
Alexander Zhilkin, in turn, encouraged the youth to acquire knowledge and to return to their village to develop it:
Limansky District
Limansky District is an administrative and municipal district , one of the eleven in Astrakhan Oblast, Russia. Its administrative center is the urban locality of Liman. Population: 34,341 ; Population of Liman accounts for 28.3% of the district's population....
of Astrakhan Oblast
Astrakhan Oblast
Astrakhan Oblast is a federal subject of Russia . Its administrative center is the city of Astrakhan.-Demographics:Population: Ethnic groups...
, Russia
Russia
Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
, on the shore of one of the largest branches of the river Volga Bakhtemir in immediate vicinity of the Caspian Sea
Caspian Sea
The Caspian Sea is the largest enclosed body of water on Earth by area, variously classed as the world's largest lake or a full-fledged sea. The sea has a surface area of and a volume of...
about 120 km southwest of Astrakhan
Astrakhan
Astrakhan is a major city in southern European Russia and the administrative center of Astrakhan Oblast. The city lies on the left bank of the Volga River, close to where it discharges into the Caspian Sea at an altitude of below the sea level. Population:...
. It serves as a port on the Caspian Sea
Caspian Sea
The Caspian Sea is the largest enclosed body of water on Earth by area, variously classed as the world's largest lake or a full-fledged sea. The sea has a surface area of and a volume of...
. In 2010 in the territory of the settlement recorded in 1372 farmsteads, the number of resident population 3752 people. The port's cargo turnover is approximately 2.5 million tons (as of April 2006).
History
Olya - one of the oldest fishing villages Astrakhan OblastAstrakhan Oblast
Astrakhan Oblast is a federal subject of Russia . Its administrative center is the city of Astrakhan.-Demographics:Population: Ethnic groups...
. The wordOlga- Kalmyk
Kalmyk language
The Kalmyk language , or Russian Oirat, is the native speech of the Kalmyk people of the Republic of Kalmykia, a federal subject of the Russian Federation. In Russia, it is the normative form of the Oirat language , which belongs to the Mongolic language family...
origin, was the name of a small hatchet Kalmyk. Olya village once located on the island, similar to the shape of a hatchet, hence, suggest where the name of the village. From the south and west of Olya on such islands were other villages: in the south, two kilometers - Chant and three kilometers - Quarantine, on the south-west - Kalmyk Haughton Korya. Island villages separated by small channels. From the north island to the village water washed Bakhtemir Olga, from the east - coast. Gradually the sea went. The river water receded, the straits between the islands meleli, buried in sand and silt until it disappeared. Gradually growing, Olya and villages around it merged with each other, forming a locality on maps designated as the village of Olya. Local residents in the old give different names to different parts of the village. Southern region of the village called Forest, south-west - Korya. The name Olga is the northern part of town, directly adjacent to Bakhtemir, long live here anglers - both legal and illegal dealing with the fishing industry. The main village of fishing families live Olya in this area, close to rivers. In the west, near the village of Olga Basta is a Kalmyk.
The first settlers were on Olga former prisoners Khans
Khan (title)
Khan is an originally Altaic and subsequently Central Asian title for a sovereign or military ruler, widely used by medieval nomadic Turko-Mongol tribes living to the north of China. 'Khan' is also seen as a title in the Xianbei confederation for their chief between 283 and 289...
Central Asia
Central Asia
Central Asia is a core region of the Asian continent from the Caspian Sea in the west, China in the east, Afghanistan in the south, and Russia in the north...
- Khiva
Khanate of Khiva
The Khanate of Khiva was the name of a Uzbek state that existed in the historical region of Khwarezm from 1511 to 1920, except for a period of Persian occupation by Nadir Shah between 1740–1746. It was the patrilineal descendants of Shayban , the fifth son of Jochi and grandson of Genghis Khan...
and Bukhara
Khanate of Bukhara
Khanate of Bukhara was a significant state in Central Asia from the second quarter of 16th century to the late–18th century. Bukhara became the capital of the short-lived Shaybanid empire during the reign of Ubaydallah Khan . The khanate reached its greatest extent and influence under its...
. They were the descendants of serfs
Serfdom
Serfdom is the status of peasants under feudalism, specifically relating to Manorialism. It was a condition of bondage or modified slavery which developed primarily during the High Middle Ages in Europe and lasted to the mid-19th century...
landlord
Landlord
A landlord is the owner of a house, apartment, condominium, or real estate which is rented or leased to an individual or business, who is called a tenant . When a juristic person is in this position, the term landlord is used. Other terms include lessor and owner...
Durenova in Simbirsk, which were then in possession of a landowner, first Chubareva then Milashevoy. From the latter, they moved her to the closest relative, the rich Astrakhan fishermen Sapozhnikov and were brought to live in his castle estate on the lower Volga in the village: Harban Zhitnaya Sedlistoe etc.
Before the revolution in the village, there were about 90 yards of buildings, many of which were made of wood. Ola hill (the fishermen call it more so) the front end of a promontory sticking out far in the pre-space. Often, strong wind from the sea skeletons flooded village. Since November 12 1910, due to a hurricane with sea water has risen by 5 yards, 37 yards washed away, leaving only absolutely integral 8, killing all the equipment, property, livestock, there were casualties. Natural phenomena such residents were forced to move from its buildings back. Some transferred their home from one place up to 2-3 times.
In the summer of 1941, the village consisted of Olga few short streets, clinging to the right bank Bakhtemir. To the south of the village, with Eric Chantinka, lay a small Kalmyk Korya Haughton, consisting of two streets, and "violent settlement" (several households). Now both the village merged into one.
Old-timers - Galina and Michael Artemovich Konoplyuk remember:
Not far from the marina, three hundred meters upstream Bakhtemir, and was tehuchastok. They pestered boats, ships with cargo ship repair was performed. On tehuchastke they were loaded with fish, melons, vegetables. From the same soldier sent from Olga, and nearby villages.
The most severe was 1942 year. The aim of the Nazis was to capture Astrakhan
Astrakhan
Astrakhan is a major city in southern European Russia and the administrative center of Astrakhan Oblast. The city lies on the left bank of the Volga River, close to where it discharges into the Caspian Sea at an altitude of below the sea level. Population:...
and take over access to the Volga. They were eager to Astrakhan in the Kalmyk steppe. Olya village acquired strategic importance. Often with enemy aircraft dropped bombs along the Volga and the Ilmen Chad. The village was the most southern defensive lines at the output of the Caspian Sea
Caspian Sea
The Caspian Sea is the largest enclosed body of water on Earth by area, variously classed as the world's largest lake or a full-fledged sea. The sea has a surface area of and a volume of...
. For this reason, in the summer 1942, the building housed St. Nicholas Church headquarters unit anti-aircraft gunner, which consisted mainly of girls 18-22 years old. At the site of today's park were dug trenches and depressions, which were masked artillery. Of these, anti-aircraft gunner fired at the aircraft overflying enemy. After the defeat of the Germans at Stalingrad, anti-aircraft gunner sent to the front.
In early autumn, 1942, to the landing-stage moored barge with the soldiers, among whom were Olinsky. It was still quite warm, but the soldiers were dressed in overcoats, boots and armed with rifles. Without stopping, they headed towards the village of gouge (now Lyman).
Exacerbate the situation in the desert gang who attacked convoys of civilians and poisoned water wells in the steppe.
Around November 1942, the barge arrived in the village of cavalry corps.
The main objective of all residents, not gone to the front, was supplying troops with food and clothing.
All the work was on the shoulders of women. In agriculture, employed over 700 people. Women worked at rybodobyche. Mastered the cultivation and rice, and cotton.
Terrain
An important role in shaping the terrain has always played a Caspian SeaCaspian Sea
The Caspian Sea is the largest enclosed body of water on Earth by area, variously classed as the world's largest lake or a full-fledged sea. The sea has a surface area of and a volume of...
, which level is constantly rising and falling. In prehistoric times the whole area was flooded and about 15 thousand years ago the sea receded. Settlement and its surroundings are located on the plain aggradation
Plain
In geography, a plain is land with relatively low relief, that is flat or gently rolling. Prairies and steppes are types of plains, and the archetype for a plain is often thought of as a grassland, but plains in their natural state may also be covered in shrublands, woodland and forest, or...
below sea level, as most of the Astrakhan Oblast
Astrakhan Oblast
Astrakhan Oblast is a federal subject of Russia . Its administrative center is the city of Astrakhan.-Demographics:Population: Ethnic groups...
. A notable feature of the plains are Baer knolls.
Lakes of ilmenite located between the ridges of hills (Big Chad Little Chad Zaburunye, Big Rusnur, Small Rusnur, Gyunhara, Salty, Sazanov, Korsunkin, etc.). The largest settlement in the vicinity of Ilmen - Big Chad.
Soils
On the territory of the settlement is dominated by brown semidesert soils. For crops such soils should be further fertilize and irrigate. Also there are sandy soils.Flora
In the distance from the water flora rather scanty and represented dwarf grasses: WormwoodWormwood
Wormwood may refer to:*Various plants of the genus Artemisia but commonly Artemisia absinthium, also called grande wormwood or absinthe wormwood...
, thistle couch
Couch
A couch, also called a sofa, is an item of furniture designed to seat more than one person, and providing support for the back and arms. Typically, it will have an armrest on either side. In homes couches are normally found in the family room, living room, den or the lounge...
sedge
Sedge
- Plants :* Acorus calamus, sweet flag, a plant in the Acoraceae family* Any of the plants in the family Cyperaceae- Animals :* A collective noun for several species of birds, including bitterns, cranes and herons* Sedge-fly, caddisfly- Other uses :...
, and prostrate summer cypress etc. There are also pockets of bush zhidovilnika. Semi-aquatic vegetation is represented by reed
Reed
- Musical instruments :* Single-reed instrument, a woodwind instrument that uses only one reed to produce sound* Double reed instrument, a woodwind instrument that uses two reeds to produce sound...
and chakanom forming impassable thickets. Many Erik entirely covered with thickets zhidovilnika. Among the trees are numerous willow
Willow
Willows, sallows, and osiers form the genus Salix, around 400 species of deciduous trees and shrubs, found primarily on moist soils in cold and temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere...
and elm
Elm
Elms are deciduous and semi-deciduous trees comprising the genus Ulmus in the plant family Ulmaceae. The dozens of species are found in temperate and tropical-montane regions of North America and Eurasia, ranging southward into Indonesia. Elms are components of many kinds of natural forests...
.
Climate
Climate Olya moderate continentalContinental climate
Continental climate is a climate characterized by important annual variation in temperature due to the lack of significant bodies of water nearby...
, dry. The air temperature about 2-3 ° C higher than in the regional center. For the territory is characterized by constant wind. Spring (March, April) begins to blow south wind - the sea. Wind picks up a lot of sand and dust, sometimes creating poor visibility. Winds begin to subside with the first rains. In May-June has the greatest amount of precipitation in the form of torrential rains, sometimes with rain. In the second half of the summer starts winds
Sukhovey
Sukhovey is a wind with high temperature and low relative humidity occurring in the steppes, the semi-deserts and the deserts of Kazakhstan and the Caspian region.The speed of sukhovey is usually moderate 5 to 20 m/s. Relative humidity is less than 30%...
, which continues until the end of September. The hottest period from mid-summer to mid-September, is characterized by low rainfall. Fall is usually dry and warm. The first frosts occur in early November. Winters are mild. In view of the continental climate, the weather is uncertain: often severe frost thaws replaced.
Ecology
Sleeve Volga Bakhtemir is the main supplier of drinking and irrigation water to Olga, and serves as a migration throughAnimal migration
Animal migration is the relatively long-distance movement of individuals, usually on a seasonal basis. It is a ubiquitous phenomenon, found in all major animal groups, including birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, amphibians, insects, and crustaceans. The trigger for the migration may be local...
for walk-through and semi-migratory fish. The main source of pollution is Bakhtemir port, as well as freighters
Cargo ship
A cargo ship or freighter is any sort of ship or vessel that carries cargo, goods, and materials from one port to another. Thousands of cargo carriers ply the world's seas and oceans each year; they handle the bulk of international trade...
and river boats. In water contaminant heavy metals and petroleum products. The excess of the norm a small but growing concern is the capacity of the port, which will lead to a deterioration in water quality due to the receipt of pollutants.
For some soil characteristic leaching. Measurements have shown a slight excess of the highway from the norm. A large contribution to air pollution contributes a growing number of motor vehicles and rail transport.
Eric Chantinka flowing through the town, has a poor condition. Pollution by heavy metals exceeds 1.5 times the performance of Bakhtemir. Eric recorded in excess of normal pathogens. Most likely this is due to the uncontrolled release of waste directly into the Erik. The dismal state of the territory of the settlement associated with natural dump household garbage. Therefore, it is important to the administration to carry out actions on the obstruction of landfills, and conversations with people, campaigning for maintaining the frequency of settlement and surrounding areas.
Port Olya
In the difficult period of ongoing global change in Russia - the geopolitical, social, economic, as well as in connection with the political situation created when Russia was left without a "sea gates" at the Caspian SeaCaspian Sea
The Caspian Sea is the largest enclosed body of water on Earth by area, variously classed as the world's largest lake or a full-fledged sea. The sea has a surface area of and a volume of...
, there was a need for the merchant fleet and the creation of Flotilla base in the region. After the preliminary design study for the construction of the future port site was chosen near the village of Olga Liman district in the Volga-Caspian canal Astrakhan Oblast
Astrakhan Oblast
Astrakhan Oblast is a federal subject of Russia . Its administrative center is the city of Astrakhan.-Demographics:Population: Ethnic groups...
. The project is implemented port Moscow Institute "Soyuzmorniiproekt."
Construction of the port began with the adoption of decrees of the President of Russia from 31.10.92, № 1314 "On State Support for the revival of the Russian merchant fleet in the Caspian Sea," from 03.12.92, № 1513 "On measures to revitalize the merchant fleet of Russia" program of revival of trade fleet of Russia in 1993-2000, approved by the Government of Russia from 08.10.93, № 996.
June 3 1997 was put into operation the first port with a capacity of cargo handling about 400 tons per year. In the second half of the 90s to the docks from the highway, Olja Zaburunye Lyman
Lyman
-Surname:* Abe Lyman , popular bandleader from the 1920s to the 1940s* Amasa Lyman , early leader in the Latter Day Saint movement* Arthur Lyman , popularizer of a jazzy style of Hawaiian music...
was built access road of major types of length of 3 km. Roads in the "Outpost" is connected with the road znacheniya.V nationwide January 2006, during the reorganization of the ownership of Federal State Unitary Enterprise "North Caspian Sea Shipping Company", the sale of port property and the procedures for bankruptcy was established Open Joint Stock Company "Sea Commercial Port of Olga." January 29 2009, the EGM decided to rename the Open Joint Stock Company "Sea Commercial Port Olya" in the Open Joint Stock Company "First Stevedoring Company", which is the successor of Open Joint Stock Company "Sea Commercial Port of Olga" . The purpose of the Society is the restoration of stevedoring activities in the existing port facilities and the project of multifunctional sea port in the south, one of the new ports in Russia, involving both public and private capital. Stevedoring company - the company that owns a berth in the port, and it carries Handling
Material handling
-Material Handling Industry:Material Handling is the movement, storage, control and protection of materials, goods and products throughout the process of manufacturing, distribution, consumption and disposal. The focus is on the methods, mechanical equipment, systems and related controls used to...
on this dock. On April 2006, the capacity of the port is 2.5 million tons. At the end of 2008, in a year-round has four berths with a depth of 5.0 meters at the pier, just the first of two planned commercial areas will be 13 berths. As a result of 2009, the company had profits amounting to 895 thousand rubles. Which is almost 36 times greater than in 2008 year. Part of the object is federally owned and administered by "Rosmorport". In addition to federal funds for construction of the port is enabled as a substantial part of private investment. Investor of private facilities in the port of Olya is CJSC "Commercial Sea port of Olya" (termed earlier - CJSC "Industrial investments"). The main developer of the port is OOO "Ola construction company."
The basic form of port - transhipment general containers and the car ferry cargo. Advantageous geographical location creates conditions for the cargo transshipments year-round, provides access to the river, sea, road and railways. After his year-round reloaded foreign trade goods of the following Caspian Sea
Caspian Sea
The Caspian Sea is the largest enclosed body of water on Earth by area, variously classed as the world's largest lake or a full-fledged sea. The sea has a surface area of and a volume of...
in Iran, Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan, the Indian ways. The port is open to international shipping, there are border checkpoints, and Customs posts
Customs
Customs is an authority or agency in a country responsible for collecting and safeguarding customs duties and for controlling the flow of goods including animals, transports, personal effects and hazardous items in and out of a country...
. Basically, all the berths are located frontally along the coastline. The construction of berthing front provided on both sides of the existing berths № 1,2,3 shore at the site of the village of Olga to Caspian Canal. Berths № 4,5, including the backcourt, form a single complex - Terminal rolling cargo. Hydraulic construction - berth number 5 - is included in the general scheme of construction and development of commercial sea port of Olya, which is funded from the federal budget.
The development of international trade port Olya is a key project that can change the balance of traffic flows passing through the Caspian Sea region. Among the advantages of the port - maximum proximity to the Caspian Sea, the large free area for development; unlimited opportunities for growth in port capacity, the introduction of modern technologies of intensive processing of goods for the engineering and transportation.
Olya was designed and created as one of the projects that make up the trade relationship with the Iran
Iran
Iran , officially the Islamic Republic of Iran , is a country in Southern and Western Asia. The name "Iran" has been in use natively since the Sassanian era and came into use internationally in 1935, before which the country was known to the Western world as Persia...
. During the 2009 year through the port handled 773 thousand tons of foreign cargo. In import
Import
The term import is derived from the conceptual meaning as to bring in the goods and services into the port of a country. The buyer of such goods and services is referred to an "importer" who is based in the country of import whereas the overseas based seller is referred to as an "exporter". Thus...
of Iran is dominated by fruits and nuts, as well as food processing vegetables and fruit
Fruit
In broad terms, a fruit is a structure of a plant that contains its seeds.The term has different meanings dependent on context. In non-technical usage, such as food preparation, fruit normally means the fleshy seed-associated structures of certain plants that are sweet and edible in the raw state,...
. The structure of the Russian transport export cargo
Export
The term export is derived from the conceptual meaning as to ship the goods and services out of the port of a country. The seller of such goods and services is referred to as an "exporter" who is based in the country of export whereas the overseas based buyer is referred to as an "importer"...
through the port of Olya in recent years shows quite well-established range of goods: metal, sawn timber
Timber
Timber may refer to:* Timber, a term common in the United Kingdom and Australia for wood materials * Timber, Oregon, an unincorporated community in the U.S...
Paper
Paper
Paper is a thin material mainly used for writing upon, printing upon, drawing or for packaging. It is produced by pressing together moist fibers, typically cellulose pulp derived from wood, rags or grasses, and drying them into flexible sheets....
. In particular, one of the "running" of the Russian export cargo
Export
The term export is derived from the conceptual meaning as to ship the goods and services out of the port of a country. The seller of such goods and services is referred to as an "exporter" who is based in the country of export whereas the overseas based buyer is referred to as an "importer"...
- grain
Corn
Corn is the name used in the United States, Canada, and Australia for the grain maize.In much of the English-speaking world, the term "corn" is a generic term for cereal crops, such as* Barley* Oats* Wheat* Rye- Places :...
- it will be possible transshipment in port after the introduction of the grain terminal, whose construction began in late April 2010 year. Starting capacity of this complex will be 500 thousand tons per year, with a consequent increase in the full development of up to 1 million tons. Simultaneous storage capacity up 36.6 thousand tons of construction completion scheduled for late 2010 year. Another export cargo
Export
The term export is derived from the conceptual meaning as to ship the goods and services out of the port of a country. The seller of such goods and services is referred to as an "exporter" who is based in the country of export whereas the overseas based buyer is referred to as an "importer"...
coming in Iran
Iran
Iran , officially the Islamic Republic of Iran , is a country in Southern and Western Asia. The name "Iran" has been in use natively since the Sassanian era and came into use internationally in 1935, before which the country was known to the Western world as Persia...
- vegetable oil. Under his handling at the port terminal under construction with capacity of 10-12 tons per month (berth number 6), its entry is also planned for the 2010 year. For dry cargoes, in particular, iron
Iron
Iron is a chemical element with the symbol Fe and atomic number 26. It is a metal in the first transition series. It is the most common element forming the planet Earth as a whole, forming much of Earth's outer and inner core. It is the fourth most common element in the Earth's crust...
, designed the first cargo seaport area, which is located on the shore Bakhtemir and immediately adjacent to the south to the village of Olga. At present, the port takes timber, oil, ferrous metals, grain, chemicals, automobiles, paper and other goods.
Development of the Russian port of Astrakhan Oblast
Astrakhan Oblast
Astrakhan Oblast is a federal subject of Russia . Its administrative center is the city of Astrakhan.-Demographics:Population: Ethnic groups...
will create an effective element for the functioning of the international transport corridor "North-South" and change the balance of traffic flows passing through the region Caspian Sea
Caspian Sea
The Caspian Sea is the largest enclosed body of water on Earth by area, variously classed as the world's largest lake or a full-fledged sea. The sea has a surface area of and a volume of...
. It will facilitate the involvement of Russia and other countries in the process of world trade, as well as send some traffic from the EU
European Union
The European Union is an economic and political union of 27 independent member states which are located primarily in Europe. The EU traces its origins from the European Coal and Steel Community and the European Economic Community , formed by six countries in 1958...
in South Asia
South Asia
South Asia, also known as Southern Asia, is the southern region of the Asian continent, which comprises the sub-Himalayan countries and, for some authorities , also includes the adjoining countries to the west and the east...
through the Central Asian and Middle Eastern states.
Olya port on the Caspian Sea
Caspian Sea
The Caspian Sea is the largest enclosed body of water on Earth by area, variously classed as the world's largest lake or a full-fledged sea. The sea has a surface area of and a volume of...
is promising for developing a port for all types of cargo with volumes of transshipment, as predicted by "Rosmorport" to 2020, at least 10 million tons. Gradually, he will take on a cargo handled at terminals in the Astrakhan
Astrakhan
Astrakhan is a major city in southern European Russia and the administrative center of Astrakhan Oblast. The city lies on the left bank of the Volga River, close to where it discharges into the Caspian Sea at an altitude of below the sea level. Population:...
(about 3.5-5 million tons). Port area of 250-300 ha can count on such developments. While another nearby Makhachkala port
Makhachkala
-Twin towns/sister cities:Makhachkala is twinned with: Sfax, Tunisia Siping, China Spokane, United States Vladikavkaz, Russia Yalova, Turkey Ndola, Zambia-See also:*...
will be developed in collaboration with the port. At the same time, the Dagestani port will retain the transshipment of oil cargo. Planned throughput for the liquid cargo in the port of Makhachkala reaches 15 million tons. Establishment of an expanded port. Infrastructure in the future will be one of the main advantages of the port of Olya, compared with the existing ports of the Caspian Sea. Currently existing port facilities of the Russian coast of the Caspian Sea is clearly not cope with growing freight traffic. The new port can be a good alternative for the construction of marine terminals in this area. In 2010, the turnover of Olga may have reached 1 million tonnes due to working with metals, and building materials. Further intensive development of offshore oil fields in the Caspian Sea, as the Russians and other countries will be an additional incentive for the development of regional port infrastructure. Planned opening of the inland waterways of Russia (mainly the southern half rings of Astrakhan, Olya to Rostov) can significantly enhance the role of the Russian Caspian Sea ports. Ports will be able to transit goods of other countries, in particular, Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan , officially the Republic of Kazakhstan, is a transcontinental country in Central Asia and Eastern Europe. Ranked as the ninth largest country in the world, it is also the world's largest landlocked country; its territory of is greater than Western Europe...
, actively building a private fleet. With the commissioning of berths
Pier
A pier is a raised structure, including bridge and building supports and walkways, over water, typically supported by widely spread piles or pillars...
and port infrastructure had placed high hopes on the socio-economic development of southern Russia, Astrakhan Oblast
Astrakhan Oblast
Astrakhan Oblast is a federal subject of Russia . Its administrative center is the city of Astrakhan.-Demographics:Population: Ethnic groups...
and the entire transportation system. Prospective turnover after construction can take up to 30 million tons per year. This volume of goods subject to possible diversion of transit Europe - Iran, which is now done through the Suez Canal
Suez Canal
The Suez Canal , also known by the nickname "The Highway to India", is an artificial sea-level waterway in Egypt, connecting the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea. Opened in November 1869 after 10 years of construction work, it allows water transportation between Europe and Asia without navigation...
.
Intercity transport
Olya is associated with the regional center of a highway, which in turn is connected to Astrakhan federal highway Lyman Makhachkala. Passenger traffic carried by road in Lyman and AstrakhanAstrakhan
Astrakhan is a major city in southern European Russia and the administrative center of Astrakhan Oblast. The city lies on the left bank of the Volga River, close to where it discharges into the Caspian Sea at an altitude of below the sea level. Population:...
. Flights from the bus made daily.
Rail
In 2001, the port Olya was included in the Federal Target Program "Modernization of Russian transport system." In 2004, the railroad was built by the railway branch length of 55 kilometers from the station to Yandyki port railway station "Port Olya", connecting the port with the Volga Railway. Through the station "Port Olya" carry freight.The railway branch was constructed in the shortest possible time. In order to ensure the commissioning of the station and ferrying it was constructed simultaneously from both sides. Unloaded at the station Yandyki rail-shpalnye bars on heavy vehicles were taken to build power stations Olga. Transported to the same puteukladchik went to the station Yandyki collecting railway line
Rail tracks
The track on a railway or railroad, also known as the permanent way, is the structure consisting of the rails, fasteners, sleepers and ballast , plus the underlying subgrade...
.
Station port Olya, sludge and the way the way to go port berths were built at the same time. Administrative building of the station was equipped with the necessary means of communication with computers, office equipment, conditions for eating the station employees.
In July 2004, the opening ceremony of the railway line Yandyki - Port Olya. Less than a year approach station Olga received the status of the tariff. However, one can not ignore the problems of this branch is closely related to the development of the port. Port can not handle the unloading of the stated and arrived at his address of wagons, which greatly complicates the work of Astrakhan site. Easy cars awaiting unloading on average 15 days (December 2007).
Ferry
In 2000, the regular open ferryFerry
A ferry is a form of transportation, usually a boat, but sometimes a ship, used to carry primarily passengers, and sometimes vehicles and cargo as well, across a body of water. Most ferries operate on regular, frequent, return services...
with the cities of Turkmenbashi
Türkmenbasy, Turkmenistan
Türkmenbaşy , formerly known as Krasnovodsk and, more properly, Kyzyl-Su, is a city in Balkan Province in Turkmenistan, on the Krasnovodsk Gulf of the Caspian Sea. It is located at latitude 40.0231 North; longitude 52.9697 East, at an altitude of 27 meters. The population was 86,800, mostly...
( Turkmenistan
Turkmenistan
Turkmenistan , formerly also known as Turkmenia is one of the Turkic states in Central Asia. Until 1991, it was a constituent republic of the Soviet Union, the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic . Turkmenistan is one of the six independent Turkic states...
) and Anzali ( Iran
Iran
Iran , officially the Islamic Republic of Iran , is a country in Southern and Western Asia. The name "Iran" has been in use natively since the Sassanian era and came into use internationally in 1935, before which the country was known to the Western world as Persia...
). On 2005 year ferry service is available with the city Baku
Baku
Baku , sometimes spelled as Baki or Bakou, is the capital and largest city of Azerbaijan, as well as the largest city on the Caspian Sea and of the Caucasus region. It is located on the southern shore of the Absheron Peninsula, which projects into the Caspian Sea. The city consists of two principal...
(Azerbaijan
Azerbaijan
Azerbaijan , officially the Republic of Azerbaijan is the largest country in the Caucasus region of Eurasia. Located at the crossroads of Western Asia and Eastern Europe, it is bounded by the Caspian Sea to the east, Russia to the north, Georgia to the northwest, Armenia to the west, and Iran to...
), Turkmenbashi
Türkmenbasy, Turkmenistan
Türkmenbaşy , formerly known as Krasnovodsk and, more properly, Kyzyl-Su, is a city in Balkan Province in Turkmenistan, on the Krasnovodsk Gulf of the Caspian Sea. It is located at latitude 40.0231 North; longitude 52.9697 East, at an altitude of 27 meters. The population was 86,800, mostly...
(Turkmenistan
Turkmenistan
Turkmenistan , formerly also known as Turkmenia is one of the Turkic states in Central Asia. Until 1991, it was a constituent republic of the Soviet Union, the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic . Turkmenistan is one of the six independent Turkic states...
), Aktau
Aktau
Aktau , formerly known as Shevchenko , is a city in Kazakhstan's Mangyshlak Peninsula and country's only seaport on the Caspian Sea. It is the capital of Mangystau Province in western Kazakhstan...
( Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan , officially the Republic of Kazakhstan, is a transcontinental country in Central Asia and Eastern Europe. Ranked as the ninth largest country in the world, it is also the world's largest landlocked country; its territory of is greater than Western Europe...
), Anzali (Iran
Iran
Iran , officially the Islamic Republic of Iran , is a country in Southern and Western Asia. The name "Iran" has been in use natively since the Sassanian era and came into use internationally in 1935, before which the country was known to the Western world as Persia...
).
City status
The concept of settlement carried out Urban InstituteUrban Institute
The Urban Institute is a Washington, D.C.-based think tank that carries out nonpartisan economic and social policy research, collects data, evaluates social programs, educates the public on key domestic issues, and provides advice and technical assistance to developing governments abroad...
(1993). The concept provides for the appropriation status of the settlement "the city of Olga." The positive trend of increasing cargo
Turnover
-Business:*Turnover is sometimes a synonym for revenue , especially in European and South African usage.Services sold by a company during a particular period of time....
and increase the area of port development create conditions to attract workers. First of all staff recruited from local residents. With the advent of large investments in port, there is hope for improvement of infrastructure (road repair, landscaping, small business development, social development, etc.). Employment and improvement of living conditions will significantly increase the growth of the local population.
Preliminary number of village Olya (the future of the city) in the "Concept" was set at 13.0 thousand inhabitants. However, given the experience of similar structures (in Russia and abroad), is currently difficult to predict the intensity of development of settlements in the future, and in this project, tentatively, the population is taken in $ 20.0 thousand.
Planning, organization and conditions for the development of maritime ports in the region as well as areas for development of the city is. Currently, a General Plan for Human Settlements s.Lesnoe, s.Basta and s.Olya MO "Ola village council" in the future city of Olya.
As part of the project is aimed at the port waters of port facilities with a total length of berths
Pier
A pier is a raised structure, including bridge and building supports and walkways, over water, typically supported by widely spread piles or pillars...
about 5 km, reservation areas for possible development in the area of industrial and commercial facilities and warehouses for transshipment and other goods.
In addition, they plan to strengthen the role of the district center ( village Lyman) and the strengthening of the reference frame formed settlements on the basis of organizational and business functions support centers settlement systems. The future will remain 24 rural settlements, due to a small sseleniya (p.Zaburunny) and three small towns, which will be part of the new city.
Alexander Zhilkin, in turn, encouraged the youth to acquire knowledge and to return to their village to develop it: