Old Saybrook, Connecticut
Encyclopedia
Old Saybrook is a town
New England town
The New England town is the basic unit of local government in each of the six New England states. Without a direct counterpart in most other U.S. states, New England towns are conceptually similar to civil townships in other states, but are incorporated, possessing powers like cities in other...

 in Middlesex County
Middlesex County, Connecticut
Middlesex County is a county located in the south central part of the U.S. state of Connecticut. It was created in 1785 from portions of Hartford and New London counties. As of 2010, the population was 165,676....

, Connecticut
Connecticut
Connecticut is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States. It is bordered by Rhode Island to the east, Massachusetts to the north, and the state of New York to the west and the south .Connecticut is named for the Connecticut River, the major U.S. river that approximately...

, United States
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...

. The population was 10,367 at the 2000 census. It contains the incorporated borough of Fenwick
Fenwick, Connecticut
Fenwick is a borough in Middlesex County, Connecticut, United States, in the town of Old Saybrook. The population was 52 at the 2000 census, making it the least populous municipality in Connecticut. It is a popular summer colony. Most of the borough is included in Fenwick Historic District, a...

, as well as the census-designated places of Old Saybrook Center
Old Saybrook Center, Connecticut
Old Saybrook Center is a community and census-designated place in Old Saybrook, a town in Middlesex County, Connecticut, United States. The population was 1,962 at the 2000 census...

 and Saybrook Manor
Saybrook Manor, Connecticut
Saybrook Manor is a community and census-designated place in Old Saybrook, a town in Middlesex County, Connecticut, United States. The population was 1,133 at the 2000 census. The Saybrook Manor section is generally the area south of U.S...

.

History

Shortly after constructing their first settlement on the island of Manhattan, Dutch explorers established a short-lived trading post at present day Old Saybrook. The post was named Kievits Hoek, meaning "Plover's Corner" in English. Kievits Hoek was soon abandoned as the Dutch began to focus more on their new trading post, Fort Goede Hoop (Huys de Goede Hoop), at present-day Hartford.

The Saybrook Colony
Saybrook Colony
The Saybrook Colony was established in late 1635 at the mouth of the Connecticut River in present day Old Saybrook, Connecticut by John Winthrop, the Younger, son of John Winthrop, the Governor of Massachusetts. The former was designated Governor by the original settlers which included Colonel...

 was established in late 1635 at the mouth of the Connecticut River
Connecticut River
The Connecticut River is the largest and longest river in New England, and also an American Heritage River. It flows roughly south, starting from the Fourth Connecticut Lake in New Hampshire. After flowing through the remaining Connecticut Lakes and Lake Francis, it defines the border between the...

, in what is today Old Saybrook and environs. John Winthrop, the Younger
John Winthrop, the Younger
John Winthrop , generally known as John Winthrop the Younger, was governor of Connecticut.He was born in Groton, England, the son of John Winthrop, founding governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony...

, son of the Governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony
Massachusetts Bay Colony
The Massachusetts Bay Colony was an English settlement on the east coast of North America in the 17th century, in New England, situated around the present-day cities of Salem and Boston. The territory administered by the colony included much of present-day central New England, including portions...

, was designated Governor by the group that claimed possession of the land via a deed of conveyance from the Earl of Warwick. Winthrop was aided by Colonel George Fenwick and Captain Lion Gardiner
Lion Gardiner
Lion Gardiner , an early English settler and soldier in the New World, founded the first English settlement in what became the state of New York on Long Island. His legacy includes Gardiners Island, which is held by his descendants.-Early life:...

. As the principals of the group who had planned to settle the colony were supporters of Oliver Cromwell
Oliver Cromwell
Oliver Cromwell was an English military and political leader who overthrew the English monarchy and temporarily turned England into a republican Commonwealth, and served as Lord Protector of England, Scotland, and Ireland....

 and remained in England during the English Civil War
English Civil War
The English Civil War was a series of armed conflicts and political machinations between Parliamentarians and Royalists...

, the colony struggled. In 1644, Fenwick agreed to merge the colony with the more vibrant Connecticut Colony
Connecticut Colony
The Connecticut Colony or Colony of Connecticut was an English colony located in British America that became the U.S. state of Connecticut. Originally known as the River Colony, it was organized on March 3, 1636 as a haven for Puritan noblemen. After early struggles with the Dutch, the English...

 a few miles up river, which purchased the land and fort from him.

The design of the Flag of Connecticut
Flag of Connecticut
The flag of the state of Connecticut consists of a white baroque shield with three grapevines on a field of azure blue. The banner below the shield reads "Qui Transtulit Sustinet", , the state's motto...

 comes from the seal of Saybrook Colony. The seal was brought from England by Colonel George Fenwick, and depicted 15 grapevines and a hand in the upper left corner with a scroll reading "Qui Sustinet Transtulit".

In 1659, settlers from Saybrook purchased land from Chief Uncas
Uncas
Uncas was a sachem of the Mohegan who through his alliance with the English colonists in New England against other Indian tribes made the Mohegan the leading regional Indian tribe in lower Connecticut.-Early life and family:...

, leader of the Mohegan
Mohegan
The Mohegan tribe is an Algonquian-speaking tribe that lives in the eastern upper Thames River valley of Connecticut. Mohegan translates to "People of the Wolf". At the time of European contact, the Mohegan and Pequot were one people, historically living in the lower Connecticut region...

 Native American tribe, to found Norwich
Norwich, Connecticut
Regular steamship service between New York and Boston helped Norwich to prosper as a shipping center through the early part of the 20th century. During the Civil War, Norwich once again rallied and saw the growth of its textile, armaments, and specialty item manufacturing...

, Connecticut
Connecticut
Connecticut is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States. It is bordered by Rhode Island to the east, Massachusetts to the north, and the state of New York to the west and the south .Connecticut is named for the Connecticut River, the major U.S. river that approximately...

.

On October 9, 1701 the Collegiate School of Connecticut was chartered in Old Saybrook. It moved to New Haven
New Haven, Connecticut
New Haven is the second-largest city in Connecticut and the sixth-largest in New England. According to the 2010 Census, New Haven's population increased by 5.0% between 2000 and 2010, a rate higher than that of the State of Connecticut, and higher than that of the state's five largest cities, and...

 in 1716, and was later renamed Yale University
Yale University
Yale University is a private, Ivy League university located in New Haven, Connecticut, United States. Founded in 1701 in the Colony of Connecticut, the university is the third-oldest institution of higher education in the United States...

.

The Turtle
Turtle (submarine)
The Turtle was the world's first submersible with a documented record of use in combat. It was built in Old Saybrook, Connecticut in 1775 by American Patriot David Bushnell as a means of attaching explosive charges to ships in a harbor...

 - the first American submarine - was invented in Westbrook Connecticut in 1775 by David Bushnell; a replica is housed at Old Saybrook Senior High School
Old Saybrook Senior High School
Old Saybrook Senior High School is a secondary school located in Old Saybrook, Connecticut, USA. It has a current enrollment of 463 with a student to teacher ratio of about 11.60. Old Saybrook students consistently exceed national and state averages on standardized tests...

.

Recent developments

In early 2007, plans were established to return the former town hall building to its original use as a theater. The theatre was completed in 2009 and is named "Katharine Hepburn Cultural Arts Center and Theater
The Katharine Hepburn Cultural Arts Center
The Katharine Hepburn Cultural Arts Center is a theatre in Old Saybrook, Connecticut that opened in 2009. It is the only theatre in the world that is named for Katharine Hepburn, the 4-time Academy Award winning actress....

".

The town has committed spending almost $2 million on the renovation, and at least $810,000 is to be contributed by the state. A committee is attempting to raise another $2.5 million, partly for the renovation and to add two wings, but also for an endowment. The structure was originally built in 1901 and was a theater until the 1940s. After renovations, the theater will seat 250, and Hepburn memorabilia will be displayed there.

Notable residents

  • Vin Baker
    Vin Baker
    Vincent Lamont Baker is a former American professional basketball player who played in the NBA. He appeared in four consecutive All-Star Games before his career was halted due to alcoholism....

     — Professional basketball player in the NBA (1993–2006)
  • Art Carney
    Art Carney
    Arthur William Matthew “Art” Carney was an American actor in film, stage, television and radio. He is best known for playing Ed Norton, opposite Jackie Gleason's Ralph Kramden in the situation comedy The Honeymooners....

     — Academy Award– and Emmy Award-winning American actor in film, stage, television and radio.
  • Katharine Hepburn
    Katharine Hepburn
    Katharine Houghton Hepburn was an American actress of film, stage, and television. In a career that spanned 62 years as a leading lady, she was best known for playing strong-willed, sophisticated women in both dramas and comedies...

     — A four-time Academy Award–winning American star of film, television and stage, she lived in the borough of Fenwick.
  • John Clellon Holmes
    John Clellon Holmes
    John Clellon Holmes , born in Holyoke, Massachusetts, was an author, poet and professor, best known for his 1952 novel Go. Considered the first "Beat" novel, Go depicted events in his life with his friends Jack Kerouac, Neal Cassady and Allen Ginsberg. He was often referred to as the "quiet Beat"...

     — American writer and poet associated with the "Beat Generation
    Beat generation
    The Beat Generation refers to a group of American post-WWII writers who came to prominence in the 1950s, as well as the cultural phenomena that they both documented and inspired...

    " crowd.
  • Ann Petry
    Ann Petry
    Ann Petry was an American author who became the first black woman writer with book sales topping a million copies for her novel The Street.-Early life:...

     — African-American novelist, journalist and biographer.
  • Elmer Eric Schattschneider
    Elmer Eric Schattschneider
    Elmer Eric Schattschneider was an American political scientist.Schattschneider was born in Bethany, Minnesota. He received his B.A. and M.A. at the University of Pittsburgh and his Ph.D. at Columbia University. He taught at Columbia, the New Jersey College for Women , and Wesleyan University...

     — A prominent political scientist and former president of the American Political Science Association from 1956 to 1957

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau
United States Census Bureau
The United States Census Bureau is the government agency that is responsible for the United States Census. It also gathers other national demographic and economic data...

, the town has a total area of 21.6 square miles (56.0 km²), of which, 15.0 square miles (39.0 km²) of it is land and 6.6 square miles (17.0 km²) of it (30.45%) is water.

Principal communities

  • Chalker Beach
  • Cornfield Point
  • District of Fencove
  • Borough of Fenwick
    Fenwick, Connecticut
    Fenwick is a borough in Middlesex County, Connecticut, United States, in the town of Old Saybrook. The population was 52 at the 2000 census, making it the least populous municipality in Connecticut. It is a popular summer colony. Most of the borough is included in Fenwick Historic District, a...

  • District of Fenwood
  • Indian Town
  • Knollwood
  • Old Saybrook Center (includes Saybrook Point)
  • District of Otter Cove
  • Saybrook Manor

Climate

The lower Connecticut River Valley, where the Connecticut River
Connecticut River
The Connecticut River is the largest and longest river in New England, and also an American Heritage River. It flows roughly south, starting from the Fourth Connecticut Lake in New Hampshire. After flowing through the remaining Connecticut Lakes and Lake Francis, it defines the border between the...

 meets Long Island Sound
Long Island Sound
Long Island Sound is an estuary of the Atlantic Ocean, located in the United States between Connecticut to the north and Long Island, New York to the south. The mouth of the Connecticut River at Old Saybrook, Connecticut, empties into the sound. On its western end the sound is bounded by the Bronx...

, is generally regarded to be one of the mildest parts of Connecticut. Under the Köppen climate classification
Köppen climate classification
The Köppen climate classification is one of the most widely used climate classification systems. It was first published by Crimea German climatologist Wladimir Köppen in 1884, with several later modifications by Köppen himself, notably in 1918 and 1936...

 system, Old Saybrook and neighboring Old Lyme enjoy relatively mild humid subtropical climate
Humid subtropical climate
A humid subtropical climate is a climate zone characterized by hot, humid summers and mild to cool winters...

.

The definition of this climate is for the coldest month's mean temperature to be between −3 °C (26.6 °F) and 18 °C (64 °F), and the warmest month to be above 22 °C (72 °F). Old Saybrook and Old Lyme share a mean temperature of 31 °F (-.6 °C) in their coldest month (January) and a mean temperature of 73 °F (22.8 °C) in their warmest month (July). Temperatures are moderated not only by Long Island Sound, but also by the Connecticut River and the large system of marshes
Salt marsh
A salt marsh is an environment in the upper coastal intertidal zone between land and salt water or brackish water, it is dominated by dense stands of halophytic plants such as herbs, grasses, or low shrubs. These plants are terrestrial in origin and are essential to the stability of the salt marsh...

 and tidal rivers in and around its delta
River delta
A delta is a landform that is formed at the mouth of a river where that river flows into an ocean, sea, estuary, lake, reservoir, flat arid area, or another river. Deltas are formed from the deposition of the sediment carried by the river as the flow leaves the mouth of the river...

. In the wintertime, mean temperatures here average 5.5 °F (-14.7 °C) warmer than in northern Connecticut; Old Saybrook's nighttime lows in January exceed Windsor Locks' by 7 °F (-13.9 °C) and its daytime highs for the same month exceed Windsor Locks' by 4 °F (-15.6 °C).

Oftentimes, a winter storm that brings blizzard-like conditions to the northern half of the state will only bring a chilly rain to areas along the immediate coast. Average annual snowfall tallies around 20 inches, around half as much as inland areas and about the same, for example, as the area in and around Baltimore, Maryland. The maritime influence in the area also depresses summertime temperatures (due to a sea breeze
Sea breeze
A sea-breeze is a wind from the sea that develops over land near coasts. It is formed by increasing temperature differences between the land and water; these create a pressure minimum over the land due to its relative warmth, and forces higher pressure, cooler air from the sea to move inland...

 which does not reach areas further inland).

Due to its uniquely mild climate, this part of Connecticut is one of the few locales in which so-called "subtropical indicator" plants can successfully be cultivated. Southern Magnolias, Needle Palms, Windmill palm, Loblolly Pines, and Crape Myrtles
Lagerstroemia indica
Lagerstroemia indica is a species in the genus Lagerstroemia in the family Lythraceae.From China, Korea and Japan, Lagerstroemia indica is an often multistemmed, deciduous tree with a wide spreading, flat topped, open habit when mature.The bark is a prominent feature being smooth, pinkinsh-gray...

 are examples of subtropical plants that grow with ease in this climate while they struggle to survive in the stereotypical New England climate inland and to the north.

Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 10,367 people, 4,184 households, and 2,920 families residing in the town. The population density
Population density
Population density is a measurement of population per unit area or unit volume. It is frequently applied to living organisms, and particularly to humans...

 was 689.5 people per square mile (266.1/km²). There were 5,357 housing units at an average density of 356.3 per square mile (137.5/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 95.75% White, 1.01% African American, 0.08% Native American, 1.72% Asian, 0.07% Pacific Islander, 0.45% from other races
Race (United States Census)
Race and ethnicity in the United States Census, as defined by the Federal Office of Management and Budget and the United States Census Bureau, are self-identification data items in which residents choose the race or races with which they most closely identify, and indicate whether or not they are...

, and 0.93% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.87% of the population.

There were 4,184 households out of which 27.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.4% were married couples
Marriage
Marriage is a social union or legal contract between people that creates kinship. It is an institution in which interpersonal relationships, usually intimate and sexual, are acknowledged in a variety of ways, depending on the culture or subculture in which it is found...

 living together, 7.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.2% were non-families. 25.4% of all households were made up of individuals and 12.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.41 and the average family size was 2.90.

In the town the population was spread out with 21.7% under the age of 18, 4.1% from 18 to 24, 25.2% from 25 to 44, 27.6% from 45 to 64, and 21.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 44 years. For every 100 females there were 89.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.3 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $62,742, and the median income for a family was $72,868. Males had a median income of $48,527 versus $36,426 for females. The per capita income
Per capita income
Per capita income or income per person is a measure of mean income within an economic aggregate, such as a country or city. It is calculated by taking a measure of all sources of income in the aggregate and dividing it by the total population...

 for the town was $30,720. About 1.5% of families and 4.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 1.9% of those under age 18 and 9.7% of those age 65 or over.

Transportation

Old Saybrook's train station opened in 1873 and was rebuilt in 2002. Amtrak
Amtrak
The National Railroad Passenger Corporation, doing business as Amtrak , is a government-owned corporation that was organized on May 1, 1971, to provide intercity passenger train service in the United States. "Amtrak" is a portmanteau of the words "America" and "track". It is headquartered at Union...

, the national rail passenger system, provides daily service along the Northeast Corridor
Northeast Corridor
The Northeast Corridor is a fully electrified railway line owned primarily by Amtrak serving the Northeast megalopolis of the United States from Boston in the north, via New York to Washington, D.C. in the south, with branches serving other cities...

 to Boston, New York and points south. The high-speed Acela Express
Acela Express
The Acela Express is Amtrak's high-speed rail service along the Northeast Corridor in the Northeast United States between Washington, D.C., and Boston via Baltimore, Philadelphia, and New York...

passes through Old Saybrook but does not stop; service is provided by the conventional Northeast Regional. The Connecticut Department of Transportation provides regular commuter service to New Haven and Stamford via the Shore Line East
Shore Line East
Shore Line East is a commuter rail service operating in southern Connecticut, USA. A fully owned subsidiary of the Connecticut Department of Transportation , SLE provides service seven days a week along the Northeast Corridor from New London west to New Haven, with continuing service to Bridgeport...

.

The Estuary Transit District
Estuary Transit District
Estuary Transit District is the public transit provider for Connecticut River Estuary region. ETD provides public transit service through its 9 Town Transit service to the towns of Chester, Clinton, Deep River, Essex, Killingworth, Lyme, Old Lyme, Old Saybrook, and Westbrook, Connecticut...

 provides public transportation services throughout Old Saybrook and the surrounding towns through its 9 Town Transit services.

National Register of Historic Places in Old Saybrook

  • Black Horse Tavern
    Black Horse Tavern (Old Saybrook, Connecticut)
    Black Horse Tavern is a property in Old Saybrook, Connecticut that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978. It was built c. 1712 by John Burrows....

    , added December 1, 1978
  • Elisha Bushnell House
    Elisha Bushnell House
    The Elisha Bushnell House is a property in Old Saybrook, Connecticut that was documented by J. Frederick Kelly as dating from 1678. Referred to by Kelly as the Older Bushnell House, it is "one of the finest resources in Connecticut's architectural history". The house was built by Elisha Bushnell in...

    , added November 29, 1978
  • Connecticut Valley Railroad Roundhouse and Turntable Site
    Connecticut Valley Railroad Roundhouse and Turntable Site
    The Connecticut Valley Railroad Roundhouse and Turntable Site is located in Old Saybrook, Connecticut. The roundhouse and turntable were built in 1871 and were added to the National Register of Historic Places on April 28, 1994.-References:...

    , added April 28, 1994
  • Jedidiah Dudley House
    Jedidiah Dudley House
    The Jedidiah Dudley House is a property in Old Saybrook, Connecticut that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982. It is one of several Dudley and Whittlesey family houses clustered at a ferry landing in Old Saybrook, where lived operators of the ferry.The house was lost and...

    , added April 12, 1982
  • Samuel Eliot House
    Samuel Eliot House
    The Samuel Eliot House is a property in Old Saybrook, Connecticut that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972.It was built or has other significance in 1737.The listing was for an area of with just one contributing building....

    , added November 9, 1972
  • General William Hart House, added November 9, 1972
  • James Pharmacy
    James Pharmacy
    The James Pharmacy is a property in Old Saybrook, Connecticut that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994, primarily to document the importance to Connecticut history of Anna James...

    , added August 5, 1994
  • Lynde Point Lighthouse
    Lynde Point Light
    Lynde Point Lighthouse, also known as Saybrook Inner Lighthouse, is a lighthouse in Connecticut, United States, on the west side of the mouth of the Connecticut River on the Long Island Sound, Old Saybrook, Connecticut-History:...

    , added May 29, 1990
  • Old Saybrook South Green
    Old Saybrook South Green
    Old Saybrook South Green is a historic district in Old Saybrook, Connecticut that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976. It includes Mid 19th Century Revival, Early Republic, and Colonial architecture. When listed, the district included 23 contributing buildings. Among...

    , added September 3, 1976
  • Parker House, added November 29, 1978
  • Humphrey Pratt Tavern
    Humphrey Pratt Tavern
    The Humphrey Pratt Tavern is a property in Old Saybrook, Connecticut that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972.The property is or was also known as See Also:Old Saybrook South Green....

    , added November 7, 1972
  • Saybrook Breakwater Lighthouse
    Saybrook Breakwater Light
    Saybrook Breakwater Lighthouse is a sparkplug lighthouse in Connecticut,United States, at Fenwick Point at the mouth of the Connecticut River near Old Saybrook, Connecticut...

    , added May 29, 1990
  • William Tully House
    William Tully House
    The William Tully House is a property in Old Saybrook, Connecticut that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.The house has also been associated with the name Heartsease. There is no documentation why this name came about, but it could be in relation to the flower Viola...

    , added March 15, 1982
  • Ambrose Whittlesey House
    Ambrose Whittlesey House
    The Ambrose Whittlesey House is a property in Old Saybrook, Connecticut that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.The house was built in two sections. The first section was one story high, built in 1765, measuring by . This is now at the rear of the house. Around 1800,...

    , added August 23, 1985
  • John Whittlesey, Jr. House, added October 26, 1984

See also

  • Saybrook
    Saybrook, Illinois
    Saybrook is a village in southeast McLean County, Illinois, United States. The population was 693 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Bloomington–Normal Metropolitan Statistical Area....

    , Illinois is named in honor of Old Saybrook.

External links

The source of this article is wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.  The text of this article is licensed under the GFDL.
 
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