Nisko
Encyclopedia
Nisko ' is a town in Nisko County
, Subcarpathian Voivodeship
, Poland
on the San River
, with a population of 15,534 inhabitants, as of 2 June 2009. Together with neighbouring city of Stalowa Wola
, Nisko creates a small agglomeration
.
n Galicia
. A railroad station, a hospital, a church (three in present-day Nisko), schools, factories, Austria
n Army Base (currently Polish Army Base) and a palace (now used as a hospital building) were built. Most of these buildings are still in use. The village was also the capital of administration unit, Nisko County.
In 1914, when World War I
began, many buildings in Nisko were destroyed by the Russia
n Army, which attacked Austria-Hungary. In 1918, local Poles gained control over the government in Nisko and the village became part of the new-formed Second Polish Republic
. After the war, Nisko began developing very quickly but did not become a town until 1933. In 1938, the Polish government made Nisko part of the Central Industrial Area. It was a milestone in history of the town, because several projects were started in the area, such as a foundry and a power-plant in the forests on the western boundary of Nisko. The programme of industrialization was stopped when Poland
was attacked by Germany
and Soviet Union
in 1939 (see: Polish September Campaign
).
While Poland was occupied by German forces during World War II
, Nisko became part of the Nazi
government's plan to annihilate the Jews. Beginning in 1939, many Jews were shipped to a reservation at Nisko
, where they were left to fend for themselves. At this point in Nazi
Germany, the policy of mass Jewish killings had not yet taken shape and Germany's plan still seemed to be the indirect death of Europe
an Jews through exile and deportation to inhabitable locations without sufficient supplies, rather than outright murder in extermination camps. This was known as the "Nisko Plan
".
While many Jews were shipped to Nisko and left to die without sufficient food or shelter, the Nisko Plan
of creating a "reservation" was eventually abandoned. The relocation of Jews to Nisko is sometimes viewed as a stepping-stone in German policy towards the widespread placement of Jews in ghettos throughout Europe, which the German government began to do shortly after the invasion of Poland in 1939 and, finally, the mass deaths of Jews at the hands of the Nazi government in extermination camps.
Since 1999, Nisko has been situated in the Subcarpathian Voivodship.
with:
Nisko County
Nisko County is a unit of territorial administration and local government in Subcarpathian Voivodeship, south-eastern Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Nisko, which lies ...
, Subcarpathian Voivodeship
Subcarpathian Voivodeship
Podkarpackie Voivodeship , or Subcarpathian Voivodeship, is a voivodeship, or province, in extreme-southeastern Poland. Its administrative capital and largest city is Rzeszów...
, Poland
Poland
Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north...
on the San River
San River
The San is a river in southeastern Poland and western Ukraine, a tributary of the Vistula River, with a length of 433 km and a basin area of 16,861 km2...
, with a population of 15,534 inhabitants, as of 2 June 2009. Together with neighbouring city of Stalowa Wola
Stalowa Wola
Stalowa Wola is the largest city and capital of Stalowa Wola County with a population of 64,353 inhabitants, as of June 2008. It is located in southeastern Poland in the Subcarpathian Voivodeship...
, Nisko creates a small agglomeration
Agglomeration
In the study of human settlements, an urban agglomeration is an extended city or town area comprising the built-up area of a central place and any suburbs linked by continuous urban area. In France, INSEE the French Statistical Institute, translate it as "Unité urbaine" which means continuous...
.
History
From 1868 to 1912 under Count Roger de Rességuier and his family, the village grew to become one of the largest estates in then AustriaAustria
Austria , officially the Republic of Austria , is a landlocked country of roughly 8.4 million people in Central Europe. It is bordered by the Czech Republic and Germany to the north, Slovakia and Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the...
n Galicia
Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria
The Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria was a crownland of the Habsburg Monarchy, the Austrian Empire, and Austria–Hungary from 1772 to 1918 .This historical region in eastern Central Europe is currently divided between Poland and Ukraine...
. A railroad station, a hospital, a church (three in present-day Nisko), schools, factories, Austria
Austria
Austria , officially the Republic of Austria , is a landlocked country of roughly 8.4 million people in Central Europe. It is bordered by the Czech Republic and Germany to the north, Slovakia and Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the...
n Army Base (currently Polish Army Base) and a palace (now used as a hospital building) were built. Most of these buildings are still in use. The village was also the capital of administration unit, Nisko County.
In 1914, when World War I
World War I
World War I , which was predominantly called the World War or the Great War from its occurrence until 1939, and the First World War or World War I thereafter, was a major war centred in Europe that began on 28 July 1914 and lasted until 11 November 1918...
began, many buildings in Nisko were destroyed by the Russia
Russia
Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
n Army, which attacked Austria-Hungary. In 1918, local Poles gained control over the government in Nisko and the village became part of the new-formed Second Polish Republic
Second Polish Republic
The Second Polish Republic, Second Commonwealth of Poland or interwar Poland refers to Poland between the two world wars; a period in Polish history in which Poland was restored as an independent state. Officially known as the Republic of Poland or the Commonwealth of Poland , the Polish state was...
. After the war, Nisko began developing very quickly but did not become a town until 1933. In 1938, the Polish government made Nisko part of the Central Industrial Area. It was a milestone in history of the town, because several projects were started in the area, such as a foundry and a power-plant in the forests on the western boundary of Nisko. The programme of industrialization was stopped when Poland
Poland
Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north...
was attacked by Germany
Germany
Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...
and Soviet Union
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....
in 1939 (see: Polish September Campaign
Invasion of Poland (1939)
The Invasion of Poland, also known as the September Campaign or 1939 Defensive War in Poland and the Poland Campaign in Germany, was an invasion of Poland by Germany, the Soviet Union, and a small Slovak contingent that marked the start of World War II in Europe...
).
While Poland was occupied by German forces during World War II
World War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
, Nisko became part of the Nazi
Nazism
Nazism, the common short form name of National Socialism was the ideology and practice of the Nazi Party and of Nazi Germany...
government's plan to annihilate the Jews. Beginning in 1939, many Jews were shipped to a reservation at Nisko
Nisko Plan
The Nisko Plan, also Lublin Plan or Nisko-Lublin Plan , was developed in September 1939 by the Nazi German Schutzstaffel as a "territorial solution to the Jewish Question"...
, where they were left to fend for themselves. At this point in Nazi
Nazism
Nazism, the common short form name of National Socialism was the ideology and practice of the Nazi Party and of Nazi Germany...
Germany, the policy of mass Jewish killings had not yet taken shape and Germany's plan still seemed to be the indirect death of Europe
Europe
Europe is, by convention, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally 'divided' from Asia to its east by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian and Black Seas, and the waterways connecting...
an Jews through exile and deportation to inhabitable locations without sufficient supplies, rather than outright murder in extermination camps. This was known as the "Nisko Plan
Nisko Plan
The Nisko Plan, also Lublin Plan or Nisko-Lublin Plan , was developed in September 1939 by the Nazi German Schutzstaffel as a "territorial solution to the Jewish Question"...
".
While many Jews were shipped to Nisko and left to die without sufficient food or shelter, the Nisko Plan
Nisko Plan
The Nisko Plan, also Lublin Plan or Nisko-Lublin Plan , was developed in September 1939 by the Nazi German Schutzstaffel as a "territorial solution to the Jewish Question"...
of creating a "reservation" was eventually abandoned. The relocation of Jews to Nisko is sometimes viewed as a stepping-stone in German policy towards the widespread placement of Jews in ghettos throughout Europe, which the German government began to do shortly after the invasion of Poland in 1939 and, finally, the mass deaths of Jews at the hands of the Nazi government in extermination camps.
Since 1999, Nisko has been situated in the Subcarpathian Voivodship.
Twin towns — Sister cities
Nisko is twinnedTown twinning
Twin towns and sister cities are two of many terms used to describe the cooperative agreements between towns, cities, and even counties in geographically and politically distinct areas to promote cultural and commercial ties.- Terminology :...
with:
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