New Democracy (Sweden)
Encyclopedia
New Democracy was a political party in Sweden
, founded in 1991 and elected into the Swedish Parliament
in its first election, falling equally fast out again in 1994.
New Democracy successfully campaigned on an agenda of reform and, although not nationalist, restricted immigration (initially on economic grounds rather than cultural). Its economic policy, stressing the importance of entrepreneurship
and deregulation
, was generally perceived as centre-right
policies. The party furthermore favored a Swedish application for European Union
membership (attained in 1995), a position almost unique for European populist parties. It also called for wide-scale political reform, including cutting government departments, reducing Parliament to 151 members and electing Prime Minister by direct ballot rather than through the Riksdag. Following its exit from Parliament, New Democracy however continued its decline, which culminated in 2000 when it was finally declared bankrupt, retaining only one city council post at the time (until 2002). Numerous local fractions were reformed into minor parties (such as Sjöbopartiet), facing mixed success.
Until the entrance of the Sweden Democrats
in Parliament in 2010, these years were the only time a "populist" party had been represented in the Swedish Parliament. While the mainstream political establishment accused the party of populism and xenophobia
, later research has found that much of the party's then-controversial immigration policies, generally calling for reducing the financial costs of migration, have largely has been implemented in Sweden with little controversy.
and Ian Wachtmeister
were well-known public figures; Karlsson as the director of a record label and owner of an amusement park, and Wachtmeister as a businessman and from an aristocratic
family. In addition, they had also been noted for some limited non-partisan political activity. They had planned starting a party for a short time, as they met for the first time in mid-November 1990 in a café
at the Stockholm-Arlanda Airport
, waiting for a flight. There, they discussed the matter after Wachtmeister had read in Expressen
that Karlsson had "appointed" him Prime Minister in his dream-team government. Appearing on television on 23 November, a specially commissioned Sifo
poll was announced where 23% of voters had responded that they could imagine voting for "Bert Karlsson's party". Thus, the party had been secured popular support as well as media attention already before it had been formed.
Karlsson and Wachtmeister announced the formation of their new party in an article in Dagens Nyheter
on 25 November 1990, titled "Here is our party program" (Här är vårt partiprogram). The party was given the name New Democracy on 1 December 1990, and was formally incepted at a meeting in Skara
on 4 February 1991 after having collected the required number of signatures for official registration. A few days after the party was launched, the party received 11.7% in an opinion poll in Dagens Industri (which apparently had been manipulated by Karlsson), and again the same in a poll in March by Sifo. It held its first party conference on 1-2 June the same year. The first big setback for the party came when Karlsson appeared on the television program Magasinet. During the show, he was incapable of answering the occasional complex political questions throwed at him by the host, and failed to explain how they sought to implement the party's political program. Karlsson in turn soon resigned as party leader.
, leader of the Liberal People's Party
, left the studio in protest against New Democracy's immigration policy. Alf Svensson
of the Christian Democrats
and Olof Johansson
of the Centre Party
followed shortly after. In the 1991 general election
, the party won 6.7% of the vote and 25 seats. In parliament, New Democracy abstained from voting on the office of Prime Minister, and thus gave the four-party liberal-conservative government led by Carl Bildt
its indirect support.
While Karlsson would appear in the halls of parliament in inappropriate attire, Wachtmeister engaged more willfully in politics. The two however soon fell out, likely due to their contradictory perspectives. By 1992, it became more clear that the party chose to campaign on a line of criticism of immigration; for instance demanding a decreased foreign aid, expulsion of immigrants committing crime, loans rather than grants and temporary residence permits instead of asylum. The party also started to disintegrate as a result of defections from the parliamentary group, exclusions, peculiar statements in the media, scandals and internal strife. In the summer of 1993, the party's rising star Vivianne Franzén started to talk about immigrant rape and Muslim
ritual murders.
By October 1993 the division between Karlsson and Wachtmeister became clearer, while the party's support had fallen to around 4.4%. When Wachtmeister stepped down as chairman in February 1994, he was followed by an almost unprecedented power struggle. While Wachtmeister launched Sten Dybeck as a new chairman, Karlsson proposed Pelle Svensson and Carl Hamilton. In April, Harriet Colliander was chosen as new chairman instead, just to be followed by Wachtmeister's new candidate Vivianne Franzén in June. As the party had depended heavily on its two founders, it began to implode immediately after they started to disagree. In early 1994, the party started to initiate cooperation with parties such as the Sweden Democrats
, the Sjöbo Party and the Centre Democrats
.
became a huge failure for the party, as it received only 1.4% of the vote and lost all its seats. The municipal elections also saw its local support shredded, where its former 335 representatives dropped to 53. Already before the election, many local chapters of the party had broken out from the party, and established new local parties. The organization became marked by internal power struggles over the control of party funds, and it quickly fell into dismay (at least at a national level). Bert Karlsson established the local party Skara Future (Skara Framtid) in 1995, and Ian Wachtmeister went on to found a party called the New Party (Det Nya Partiet) for the 1998 elections. Burned by the experience of New Democracy, Wachtmeister hand-picked the board, and the party did not have any conventions or accept any members. The party failed to attract enough votes for representation in the Parliament and was dissolved.
The 1998 elections
saw New Democracy losing all but one of its municipal representatives. The party ceased to exist when it was declared bankrupt on 25 February 2000. Laholm
city council representative Elver Åkesson retained his seat until the 2002 elections, the last active member of the party to hold office. "New Democracy" was founded again in April 2002 under a new organisational registration, and attempted to run for the 2002 elections
, but received a mere 106 votes nationwide. The party's website was shut down in March 2005.
, personal liberty and consideration for others. The 1991 election survey found that the party's voters was motivated foremost by its position on immigration issues and its economic policy, two issues that were growing in importance at the time. In addition, twice as many people as actually voted for the party, nevertheless approved of its asylum policies.
countries to be 37% the same time. It sought to reduce public expenses, sell state-owned properties and abolish state monopolies. The party competed with the Moderate Party
on how steep tax cuts should be, and sought to "outbid" them.
, and wanted to relenquish Sweden's policy of neutrality. It wanted Sweden's foreign policy to mainly concern itself with relations with Sweden's "real neighbours," which it regarded to be; Denmark, Finland, Norway, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Germany, Poland and Russia, as well as its trading partners in Europe and North America. It also wanted to stop foreign aid to oppressive regimes, particularly socialist
ones, and instead give aid for humanitarian efforts and emergency aid, as it wanted to "help people, not governments."
for the most dangerous criminals.
Although downplayed, in a 1991 interview Wachtmeister accused African refugees of having introduced AIDS
to Sweden, and expressed displeasure about the lower share of "ethnic citizens" (ethnic Swedes) compared to other Western countries. The party's anti-immigration stance escalated during its term in Parliament. In the party's 1993 summer camp, Vivianne Franzén (who became party leader in 1994) described her son's murder by a mentally ill immigrant as a Muslim
ritual murder, and another time warned that Swedish school children soon would have to turn towards Mecca
.
and the Norwegian Progress Party
.
Sweden
Sweden , officially the Kingdom of Sweden , is a Nordic country on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. Sweden borders with Norway and Finland and is connected to Denmark by a bridge-tunnel across the Öresund....
, founded in 1991 and elected into the Swedish Parliament
Parliament of Sweden
The Riksdag is the national legislative assembly of Sweden. The riksdag is a unicameral assembly with 349 members , who are elected on a proportional basis to serve fixed terms of four years...
in its first election, falling equally fast out again in 1994.
New Democracy successfully campaigned on an agenda of reform and, although not nationalist, restricted immigration (initially on economic grounds rather than cultural). Its economic policy, stressing the importance of entrepreneurship
Entrepreneurship
Entrepreneurship is the act of being an entrepreneur, which can be defined as "one who undertakes innovations, finance and business acumen in an effort to transform innovations into economic goods". This may result in new organizations or may be part of revitalizing mature organizations in response...
and deregulation
Deregulation
Deregulation is the removal or simplification of government rules and regulations that constrain the operation of market forces.Deregulation is the removal or simplification of government rules and regulations that constrain the operation of market forces.Deregulation is the removal or...
, was generally perceived as centre-right
Centre-right
The centre-right or center-right is a political term commonly used to describe or denote individuals, political parties, or organizations whose views stretch from the centre to the right on the left-right spectrum, excluding far right stances. Centre-right can also describe a coalition of centrist...
policies. The party furthermore favored a Swedish application for European Union
European Union
The European Union is an economic and political union of 27 independent member states which are located primarily in Europe. The EU traces its origins from the European Coal and Steel Community and the European Economic Community , formed by six countries in 1958...
membership (attained in 1995), a position almost unique for European populist parties. It also called for wide-scale political reform, including cutting government departments, reducing Parliament to 151 members and electing Prime Minister by direct ballot rather than through the Riksdag. Following its exit from Parliament, New Democracy however continued its decline, which culminated in 2000 when it was finally declared bankrupt, retaining only one city council post at the time (until 2002). Numerous local fractions were reformed into minor parties (such as Sjöbopartiet), facing mixed success.
Until the entrance of the Sweden Democrats
Sweden Democrats
The Sweden Democrats is a political party in Sweden, founded in 1988. SD describes itself as a nationalist movement although others use the term far-right. Since 2005, its party chairman is Jimmie Åkesson, while Björn Söder is the party secretary and parliamentary group leader. An Anemone...
in Parliament in 2010, these years were the only time a "populist" party had been represented in the Swedish Parliament. While the mainstream political establishment accused the party of populism and xenophobia
Xenophobia
Xenophobia is defined as "an unreasonable fear of foreigners or strangers or of that which is foreign or strange". It comes from the Greek words ξένος , meaning "stranger," "foreigner" and φόβος , meaning "fear."...
, later research has found that much of the party's then-controversial immigration policies, generally calling for reducing the financial costs of migration, have largely has been implemented in Sweden with little controversy.
Foundation
Before New Democracy was formed, both founders Bert KarlssonBert Karlsson
Bert Willis Karlsson is a Swedish record company manager, entrepreneur, former politician and front figure of the New Democracy party....
and Ian Wachtmeister
Ian Wachtmeister
Count Ian Melcher Shering Wachtmeister is a Swedish industrialist and politician. He was a member of the Swedish parliament from 1991 to 1994. He is the son of Count Ted Wachtmeister and Adrienne, née De Geer....
were well-known public figures; Karlsson as the director of a record label and owner of an amusement park, and Wachtmeister as a businessman and from an aristocratic
Aristocracy
Aristocracy , is a form of government in which a few elite citizens rule. The term derives from the Greek aristokratia, meaning "rule of the best". In origin in Ancient Greece, it was conceived of as rule by the best qualified citizens, and contrasted with monarchy...
family. In addition, they had also been noted for some limited non-partisan political activity. They had planned starting a party for a short time, as they met for the first time in mid-November 1990 in a café
Café
A café , also spelled cafe, in most countries refers to an establishment which focuses on serving coffee, like an American coffeehouse. In the United States, it may refer to an informal restaurant, offering a range of hot meals and made-to-order sandwiches...
at the Stockholm-Arlanda Airport
Stockholm-Arlanda Airport
Stockholm Arlanda Airport , is an international airport located in the Sigtuna Municipality of Sweden, near the town of Märsta, north of Stockholm and nearly , by road, south-east of Uppsala....
, waiting for a flight. There, they discussed the matter after Wachtmeister had read in Expressen
Expressen
Expressen is one of two nationwide evening tabloid newspapers in Sweden, the other being Aftonbladet. Expressen was founded in 1944; its symbol is a wasp and slogans "it stings" or "Expressen to your rescue", always on the reader's side....
that Karlsson had "appointed" him Prime Minister in his dream-team government. Appearing on television on 23 November, a specially commissioned Sifo
Sifo
SIFO is a Swedish company earlier known as Sifo Research International in the area of opinion and social research. The company was founded in 1954 as Svenska institutet för opinionsundersökningar and known by the public under the abbreviation SIFO which is one of the strongest brands in Sweden...
poll was announced where 23% of voters had responded that they could imagine voting for "Bert Karlsson's party". Thus, the party had been secured popular support as well as media attention already before it had been formed.
Karlsson and Wachtmeister announced the formation of their new party in an article in Dagens Nyheter
Dagens Nyheter
is a daily newspaper in Sweden. It has the largest circulation of Swedish morning newspapers, followed by Göteborgs-Posten and Svenska Dagbladet, and is the only morning newspaper that is distributed to subscribers across the whole country. In 2009 DN had a circulation of 316,000, reaching 881...
on 25 November 1990, titled "Here is our party program" (Här är vårt partiprogram). The party was given the name New Democracy on 1 December 1990, and was formally incepted at a meeting in Skara
Skara
Skara is a locality and the seat of Skara Municipality, Västra Götaland County, Sweden with 18595 inhabitants in 2005. Despite its small size, it has a long educational and ecclesiastical history. One of Sweden's oldest high schools, Katedralskolan , is situated in Skara...
on 4 February 1991 after having collected the required number of signatures for official registration. A few days after the party was launched, the party received 11.7% in an opinion poll in Dagens Industri (which apparently had been manipulated by Karlsson), and again the same in a poll in March by Sifo. It held its first party conference on 1-2 June the same year. The first big setback for the party came when Karlsson appeared on the television program Magasinet. During the show, he was incapable of answering the occasional complex political questions throwed at him by the host, and failed to explain how they sought to implement the party's political program. Karlsson in turn soon resigned as party leader.
In parliament (1991–1994)
The party ran an election-show which was totally unconventional in Swedish politics. Wachtmeister and Karlsson for instance became known for illustrating their economic arguments by piling up empty beer crates. They popularly became known as "The Count and the Valet", noting their contrasting backgrounds. In the summer of 1991, some opinion polls showed more than 10% support for the party. During an election-night television program, Bengt WesterbergBengt Westerberg
Bengt Carl Gustaf Westerberg was a Swedish politician. He is the son of Carl-Erik Westerberg and his wife Barbro...
, leader of the Liberal People's Party
Liberal People's Party (Sweden)
The Liberal People's Party is a political party in Sweden. The party advocates social liberalism and is part of the governing centre-right coalition The Alliance, which achieved a majority in the general election of 17 September 2006...
, left the studio in protest against New Democracy's immigration policy. Alf Svensson
Alf Svensson
Alf Robert Olof Svensson is a Swedish politician and Member of the European Parliament from 2009. Alf was the leader of the Christian Democrats in Sweden between 1973 and 3 April 2004. He was a Member of Parliament from 1985 to 1988 and again from 1991 until his election to the European Parliament...
of the Christian Democrats
Christian Democrats (Sweden)
The Christian Democrats ) is a political party in Sweden. The party was founded in 1964 but did not enter parliament until 1985 in an electoral cooperation with the Centre Party and on the Christian Democrats' own accord in 1991. The leader since April 3, 2004 is Göran Hägglund. He succeeded Alf...
and Olof Johansson
Olof Johansson
Sten Olof Håkan Johansson is a Swedish politician, who was the leader of the Swedish Centre Party from 1987 to 1998 and Minister for the Environment 1991-1994....
of the Centre Party
Centre Party (Sweden)
The Centre Party is a centrist political party in Sweden. The party maintains close ties to rural Sweden and describes itself as "a green social liberal party". The ideology is sometimes called agrarian, but in a European context, the Centre Party can perhaps best be characterized as social...
followed shortly after. In the 1991 general election
Swedish general election, 1991
Election to the Parliament of Sweden was held on 15 September 1991. The election, like all parliamentary elections in Sweden, was conducted using a party-list proportional representation system....
, the party won 6.7% of the vote and 25 seats. In parliament, New Democracy abstained from voting on the office of Prime Minister, and thus gave the four-party liberal-conservative government led by Carl Bildt
Carl Bildt
, Honorary KCMG is a Swedish politician, diplomat and nobleman. Formerly Prime Minister of Sweden from 1991 to 1994 and leader of the liberal conservative Moderate Party from 1986 to 1999, Bildt has served as Swedish Minister for Foreign Affairs since 6 October 2006...
its indirect support.
While Karlsson would appear in the halls of parliament in inappropriate attire, Wachtmeister engaged more willfully in politics. The two however soon fell out, likely due to their contradictory perspectives. By 1992, it became more clear that the party chose to campaign on a line of criticism of immigration; for instance demanding a decreased foreign aid, expulsion of immigrants committing crime, loans rather than grants and temporary residence permits instead of asylum. The party also started to disintegrate as a result of defections from the parliamentary group, exclusions, peculiar statements in the media, scandals and internal strife. In the summer of 1993, the party's rising star Vivianne Franzén started to talk about immigrant rape and Muslim
Muslim
A Muslim, also spelled Moslem, is an adherent of Islam, a monotheistic, Abrahamic religion based on the Quran, which Muslims consider the verbatim word of God as revealed to prophet Muhammad. "Muslim" is the Arabic term for "submitter" .Muslims believe that God is one and incomparable...
ritual murders.
By October 1993 the division between Karlsson and Wachtmeister became clearer, while the party's support had fallen to around 4.4%. When Wachtmeister stepped down as chairman in February 1994, he was followed by an almost unprecedented power struggle. While Wachtmeister launched Sten Dybeck as a new chairman, Karlsson proposed Pelle Svensson and Carl Hamilton. In April, Harriet Colliander was chosen as new chairman instead, just to be followed by Wachtmeister's new candidate Vivianne Franzén in June. As the party had depended heavily on its two founders, it began to implode immediately after they started to disagree. In early 1994, the party started to initiate cooperation with parties such as the Sweden Democrats
Sweden Democrats
The Sweden Democrats is a political party in Sweden, founded in 1988. SD describes itself as a nationalist movement although others use the term far-right. Since 2005, its party chairman is Jimmie Åkesson, while Björn Söder is the party secretary and parliamentary group leader. An Anemone...
, the Sjöbo Party and the Centre Democrats
Centre Democrats (Sweden)
The Centre Democrats is a minor political party in Sweden, founded in 1974. While the party has described itself as a "centre alternative," it has been described externally as a right-wing populist party. It agitated against immigration from the 1980s, but toned down the issue in the 2000s,...
.
Downfall (1994–2000)
By the next election, the party had largely become the subject of ridicule. The 1994 general electionSwedish general election, 1994
The Swedish general election, 1994 for the 349 seats in the Parliament of Sweden took place on 18 September 1994....
became a huge failure for the party, as it received only 1.4% of the vote and lost all its seats. The municipal elections also saw its local support shredded, where its former 335 representatives dropped to 53. Already before the election, many local chapters of the party had broken out from the party, and established new local parties. The organization became marked by internal power struggles over the control of party funds, and it quickly fell into dismay (at least at a national level). Bert Karlsson established the local party Skara Future (Skara Framtid) in 1995, and Ian Wachtmeister went on to found a party called the New Party (Det Nya Partiet) for the 1998 elections. Burned by the experience of New Democracy, Wachtmeister hand-picked the board, and the party did not have any conventions or accept any members. The party failed to attract enough votes for representation in the Parliament and was dissolved.
The 1998 elections
Swedish general election, 1998
-Election results:Here are the results of the general election to the Parliament of Sweden , held on 20 September 1998.← Riksdag election, 1998 →PartyVotes%SeatsEq¹Party leader/Comment...
saw New Democracy losing all but one of its municipal representatives. The party ceased to exist when it was declared bankrupt on 25 February 2000. Laholm
Laholm
Laholm is a locality and the seat of Laholm Municipality, Halland County, Sweden, with 5,835 inhabitants in 2005.Laholm is, despite its small population, for historical reasons often still referred to as a city...
city council representative Elver Åkesson retained his seat until the 2002 elections, the last active member of the party to hold office. "New Democracy" was founded again in April 2002 under a new organisational registration, and attempted to run for the 2002 elections
Swedish general election, 2002
The Swedish general election of 2002 was held on Sunday 15 September to elect the 349 members to the Parliament of Sweden. This election was hels along with other elections in Sweden to the Municipalities and the County Councils. 5,385,430 of the 6,722,152 eligible to vote voted in this election .-...
, but received a mere 106 votes nationwide. The party's website was shut down in March 2005.
Ideology
Unlike other right-wing populist parties, New Democracy saw economic issues as superior and more important than cultural issues. In its introduction, the party program asserted that it would always base its policies on common senseCommon sense
Common sense is defined by Merriam-Webster as, "sound and prudent judgment based on a simple perception of the situation or facts." Thus, "common sense" equates to the knowledge and experience which most people already have, or which the person using the term believes that they do or should have...
, personal liberty and consideration for others. The 1991 election survey found that the party's voters was motivated foremost by its position on immigration issues and its economic policy, two issues that were growing in importance at the time. In addition, twice as many people as actually voted for the party, nevertheless approved of its asylum policies.
Taxes
The party set out a plan to reduce the overall taxation in Sweden from 57% (which it was in 1989), to 47% within 6 years, as it cited the average overall taxation in the OECDOrganisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development is an international economic organisation of 34 countries founded in 1961 to stimulate economic progress and world trade...
countries to be 37% the same time. It sought to reduce public expenses, sell state-owned properties and abolish state monopolies. The party competed with the Moderate Party
Moderate Party
The Moderate Party is a centre-right, liberal conservative political party in Sweden. The party was founded in 1904 as the General Electoral League by a group of conservatives in the Swedish parliament...
on how steep tax cuts should be, and sought to "outbid" them.
Foreign policy
The party saw it as "obvious" for Sweden to join the European UnionEuropean Union
The European Union is an economic and political union of 27 independent member states which are located primarily in Europe. The EU traces its origins from the European Coal and Steel Community and the European Economic Community , formed by six countries in 1958...
, and wanted to relenquish Sweden's policy of neutrality. It wanted Sweden's foreign policy to mainly concern itself with relations with Sweden's "real neighbours," which it regarded to be; Denmark, Finland, Norway, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Germany, Poland and Russia, as well as its trading partners in Europe and North America. It also wanted to stop foreign aid to oppressive regimes, particularly socialist
Socialism
Socialism is an economic system characterized by social ownership of the means of production and cooperative management of the economy; or a political philosophy advocating such a system. "Social ownership" may refer to any one of, or a combination of, the following: cooperative enterprises,...
ones, and instead give aid for humanitarian efforts and emergency aid, as it wanted to "help people, not governments."
Law and order
The party wanted to invest heavily in the fight against drug abuse and street violence, and impose severe penalties for what it called related "gangster activity." It wanted to implement harder punishments for violent crime, and life imprisonmentLife imprisonment
Life imprisonment is a sentence of imprisonment for a serious crime under which the convicted person is to remain in jail for the rest of his or her life...
for the most dangerous criminals.
Immigration
The party's anti-immigration stance was largely argued on economic terms, most often by comparing immigration costs and tax-cuts, although welfare chauvinism also sometimes was an element. The party wanted to introduce temporary recidence permits for refugees, and that those who were allowed to stay should immediately be assimilated into Swedish society. It wished to set refugees to work, rather than in camps, and to reject foreign citizens who committed serious crimes. Compared to other right-wing populist parties, issues of culture and ethnicity were heavily downplayed.Although downplayed, in a 1991 interview Wachtmeister accused African refugees of having introduced AIDS
AIDS
Acquired immune deficiency syndrome or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is a disease of the human immune system caused by the human immunodeficiency virus...
to Sweden, and expressed displeasure about the lower share of "ethnic citizens" (ethnic Swedes) compared to other Western countries. The party's anti-immigration stance escalated during its term in Parliament. In the party's 1993 summer camp, Vivianne Franzén (who became party leader in 1994) described her son's murder by a mentally ill immigrant as a Muslim
Muslim
A Muslim, also spelled Moslem, is an adherent of Islam, a monotheistic, Abrahamic religion based on the Quran, which Muslims consider the verbatim word of God as revealed to prophet Muhammad. "Muslim" is the Arabic term for "submitter" .Muslims believe that God is one and incomparable...
ritual murder, and another time warned that Swedish school children soon would have to turn towards Mecca
Mecca
Mecca is a city in the Hijaz and the capital of Makkah province in Saudi Arabia. The city is located inland from Jeddah in a narrow valley at a height of above sea level...
.
International relations
New Democracy officially distanced itself from both the Danish Progress PartyProgress Party (Denmark)
The Progress Party is a political party in Denmark, which was founded in 1972. Its founder, the former lawyer Mogens Glistrup, gained huge popularity in Denmark after he appeared on Danish television, showing that he paid 0 % in income tax...
and the Norwegian Progress Party
Progress Party (Norway)
The Progress Party is a political party in Norway which identifies as conservative liberal and libertarian. The media has described it as conservative and right-wing populist...
.
Parliament
| Election year | # of total votes | % of overall vote | # of seats won |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1991 Swedish general election, 1991 Election to the Parliament of Sweden was held on 15 September 1991. The election, like all parliamentary elections in Sweden, was conducted using a party-list proportional representation system.... |
368,281 | 6.7% | 25 |
| 1994 Swedish general election, 1994 The Swedish general election, 1994 for the 349 seats in the Parliament of Sweden took place on 18 September 1994.... |
68,663 | 1.2% | 0 |
| 1998 Swedish general election, 1998 -Election results:Here are the results of the general election to the Parliament of Sweden , held on 20 September 1998.← Riksdag election, 1998 →PartyVotes%SeatsEq¹Party leader/Comment... |
8,297 | 0.2% | 0 |
Local (municipal assemblies)
| Election year | # of total votes | % of overall vote | # of seats won |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1991 Swedish general election, 1991 Election to the Parliament of Sweden was held on 15 September 1991. The election, like all parliamentary elections in Sweden, was conducted using a party-list proportional representation system.... |
3.4% | 335 | |
| 1994 Swedish general election, 1994 The Swedish general election, 1994 for the 349 seats in the Parliament of Sweden took place on 18 September 1994.... |
53 | ||
| 1998 Swedish general election, 1998 -Election results:Here are the results of the general election to the Parliament of Sweden , held on 20 September 1998.← Riksdag election, 1998 →PartyVotes%SeatsEq¹Party leader/Comment... |
1 |
European Parliament
| Election year | # of total votes | % of overall vote | # of seats won |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1995 European Parliament election, 1995 (Sweden) The European Parliament election of 1995 in Sweden was the election of Members of the European Parliament representing the Sweden constituency for the 1995-1999 term of the European Parliament.Austria, Finland and Sweden acceded to the Union on 1 January 1995... |
2,841 | 0.1% | 0 |
Party leaders
- Bert KarlssonBert KarlssonBert Willis Karlsson is a Swedish record company manager, entrepreneur, former politician and front figure of the New Democracy party....
(1991) - Ian WachtmeisterIan WachtmeisterCount Ian Melcher Shering Wachtmeister is a Swedish industrialist and politician. He was a member of the Swedish parliament from 1991 to 1994. He is the son of Count Ted Wachtmeister and Adrienne, née De Geer....
(1991–1994) - Harriet Colliander (1994)
- Vivianne Franzén (1994–1997)
- Bengt G. Andersson (1997)
- John BouvinJohn BouvinJohn Bouvin is a Swedish politician and a former member of the right-wing populist party New Democracy. Bouvin was a member of the Swedish parliament from 1991 when New Democracy entered the parliament, until 1994 when the party failed to get reelected.- References :...
(1997–1998) - Per Anders Gustavsson (1998–1999)
- Ulf Eriksson (1999–2000)
External links
- Official website in mirrors from the Internet ArchiveInternet ArchiveThe Internet Archive is a non-profit digital library with the stated mission of "universal access to all knowledge". It offers permanent storage and access to collections of digitized materials, including websites, music, moving images, and nearly 3 million public domain books. The Internet Archive...