National Police of Peru
Encyclopedia
The Peruvian National Police is the national police
force of Peru
. Its jurisdiction covers the nation's land, sea, and air territories. Formed from the merger of the Investigative Police
, the Civil Guard
, and the Republican Guard
in 1988, it is one of the largest police forces in Latin America
. Its mission is to preserve domestic order, public order, and national security, in order to enforce the law and protect the people of Peru. The PNP is controlled by the Peruvian Interior Ministry. The PNP has a number of divisions, tasked with enforcing specific aspects of the law; among the more well known are DINOES (Special Operations), DINANDRO (Anti-Narcotics Unit), DININCRI (Criminal Investigations), and DIRCOTE
(Anti-Terrorism).
The first police force appear to be part of the Armed Forces, in the period 1825 to 1839. The watchmen and guards are at this stage in charge of police functions.
The protectorate Sanmartinian also recognized the presidents of the departmental function Judges Police to ensure public morals and everything related to the advancement of peoples. Between 1822 and 1823 is a standard police services by putting them in charge of "commissioners" and "Decuriones," holding to support the old "Mayors Neighborhood." At this time a secret police known as the Civil Brigade, which had as its mission to account for those who conspired against the cause of Independence, with agents in the administration of the new government and the army.
In 1823 was issued the First Constitution of Peru, which was sanctioned by the First Constituent Congress November 12 of 1823, being president of the Republic Don Jose Bernardo Tagle, which provides for the creation of three ministries: the Government and Foreign Affairs, War and Navy and the Treasury, by the exercise of the police force under the Ministry of Government.
Although in this Constitution provided that to maintain security and order, the municipalities were responsible for the "Order of Police, also made clear in its Article 165 °, with respect to the Armed Forces and Police, that" constitute the Armed Forces of Earth: The Army line, the Civic Militia and Police Guard, "prioritizing the Civic Militia which will maintain public security within the limits of each Province and the Police Guard to protect the safety private roads purge of criminals, chasing criminals and subject to the orders of the respective authority. Similarly Article 177 º, literally says: "We created a Guardia Police in all departments that require according to their needs."
The Liberator Simón Bolívar
Palacios Don, by decree of January 7 of 1825, turned in the Civic Militia "National Guard" in order to preserve public order in each of the regions and towns. This "National Guard", made on the basis of licensed military personnel and organized under a military system, was also the reserve army of Peru and was part of the armed forces. On December 9 of 1826, the Constitution is issued for life, that an article stated that the police force becomes independent of the municipal government (which was viceroy of the time lag), from the Ministry of Government through the prefectures and Intendencias.
On January 20 of 1827 was issued a "Provisional Regulations of Police", manuscript, and initialed by the Chairman of the Governing Council of the Republic of Peru Don Marshal Andrés de Santa Cruz Calaumana.
In 1834 the reappearance of the "serenos" properly armed and in uniform during the first government of Marshal Luis José de Orbegoso and Moncada, who perform work during the surveillance Viceroyalty. A little, "Regulation of Arequipa creates inspectors and guards, and the Forces of Order and Internal Security to pass orders Intendente Lima Police and the deputy prefect of provinces.
In his second administration (1836–1837), Marshal Andrés de Santa Cruz police action spread throughout the land, introduced the contribution of Serenazgo; previously to pay employees called Sereno providing a continuous surveillance.
The Mariscal Agustín Gamarra
, enacted in 1839 in Huancayo, a new Regulation of Police, which maintains the Police Chief at the head of a reorganized Corps of serenity and Vigilantes, establishing categories of Commander, and Lieutenant Cabos, serene and vigilant; Lima is divided into ten districts and details the various functions that are within its competence.
In 1845, Marshal Ramón Castilla Marquesado and in his first government (1845–1851), has a new organization the "National Guard", distributed in all departments, issued new rules and regulations to define the functions political authorities and the General Inspectorate of the expressed Force.
The same year of its creation (1852) came into office 8 Companies Gendarmes Infantry Regiment and a Cavalry Gendarmes compound 4 Squadrons.
The first Gendarmería provisions were enacted in 1853 and 1855, Marshal Ramón Castilla and Marquesado, begins his second administration (1855–1862), proceeding to reorganize the gendarmerie, on April 7 of 1856, [3] by merging it existing police forces, setting stringent entry requirements and increasing its strength.
However, the needs of the service, made in 1856 the Head of Government Dr. Juan del Mar, a company created 120 "caretakers" to guard Lima.
On August 7 of 1861, the old organization was disbanded and its replacement are formed in two battalions, which would be known as: Gendarmes Infantry Battalions Numbers 1 and 2.
The Gendarmes Infantry Battalion No. 1 as the host would take the Barracks Sacraments Santa Ana, located in the street of the same name and next to Plaza Italia, in Barrios Altos, now converted into the state educational institution "Heroes Cenepa "and that the battalion would be August 7 in 1919 was named the "Republican Guard".
By Supreme Decree signed on December 31 of 1873, with legislative approval April 3 of 1874, the President Manuel Pardo, reorganized the police in the following manner:
It also refers to "urban and rural stations and of the Regular Police Force divided into Gendarmerie and the Guardia Civil. [4] Thus was born the Guardia Civil of Peru, the Supreme Decrees issued two headings: the December 31 of 1873 (published in the Diario Oficial "El Peruano" on January 28 of 1874) and March 23 of 1874 providing for its creation. Don Manuel Pardo and Lavalle confirms the organization of the Gendarmerie and the purely military, but to fulfill duties of maintaining order and security.
The new police force called the "Guardia Civil", would work to provide security and safety to citizens, while the Gendarmerie maintain the safety and security of public buildings, prisons and members of government.
During the War with Chile, the Guardia Civil of Peru would have a significant and active role to fight alongside the army of Peru and is in the Battle of Tarapacá excels where the Guardia Civil Mariano Santos Mateos whose action was critical to the Army of Peru obtains victory in this action weapon. Mariano Santos Mateos, Tarapacá the Brave, belonged to the Infantry Battalion "Guards Arequipa" No. 25, Unit 6 consisting of Civil Guard companies, and managed to capture in this war, the arms Peruvian the Colonel regimentaria (flag) of the 2nd Regiment. Line Infantry Army opponent being congratulated by his action and was promoted to the next higher grade of Inspector Guard Guardia Civil del Perú.
The President of the Republic Don Augusto Bernardino Leguía Salcedo, at the suggestion of the Peruvian Army General Gerardo Alvarez, who was in Paris was able to appreciate the important and efficient services that meet the French in an institution called "Legion of the Republican Guard", Supreme Decree of August 7 of 1919 [5] provided, emulating the Republican Guard of France, the Gendarmes Infantry Battalion No. 1 was called Gendarmes Infantry Battalion "Republican Guard of Peru" No. 1, which should have the same functions as the Republican Guard of Paris since it was created in His image and likeness, giving him the task of the safety of government establishments and services, "the security of the Government Palace and Congress."
The headquarters of the Infantry Battalion Gendarmes "Republican Guard of Peru" No. 1 of the Gendarmerie National Cuartel Peru remained the "Sacraments of Santa Ana" in Barrios Altos, was its first Chief Sergeant Major Florentino Bustamante, who came exercise command Gendarmes Infantry Battalion No. 1 since July 9 of 1919 and continued as head of the Battalion until September 30 of 1923. Thus Battalion "Republican Guard of Peru" became the Presidential Guard Infantry of the Government Palace to several years after the assassination of President Luis Miguel Sánchez Cerro on April 30 of 1933.
As the purpose of President Leguía was taken as a model Police Spain, asks the government of His Catholic Majesty the King of Spain Don Alfonso XIII, sending to the capital of Peru on a Spanish police mission to organize and instruct the Peru to the police of the republic. Leguía through Supreme Resolution of April 4 of 1921, has a mission to recruit the Benemérita Guardia Civil from Spain, to establish the basis on which the Civil Guard should be formed of Peru, which came, and stood out, sign up at Madrid on October 1 of 1921, the diplomatic settlement that were recruited by the services of a Mission Benemérita Guardia Civil Spanish, the same as the November 22 of 1921 came to the capital of Peru and was chaired by then Lieutenant Colonel GCE Spain Mr. Pedro Pueyo. Completing the mission Captain Lord Bernardo Sanchez Visaires GCE, GCE Lord Lieutenant Adolfo Parreño Carretero, who due to illness had to return to Spain, and was replaced by the same class of CGE Lord Lieutenant Fernando Gomez and Sgt Ayau 1 GCE Mr José Gómez Hernández (First Guard instructor).
The Spanish police mission, after installed, went to work planning and formulation of projects for the reform of the police, delivering within a month of their arrival, the documentation on January 21 of 1922, having presented to the President Leguía and the Minister for Police and Leguía Germán Martínez, 14 bills that comprise the complete plan of reorganization of the Civil Guards, Safety and Security of the entire republic. This study was approved by the chairman of the Leguía, who considered the plan proposed in the 14 projects mentioned, the only hacedero for the reorganization, for his excellent ways of adapting the economy and that despite the improvement of all services involved.
As a result of work carried out by the Spanish Mission, the government issued July 3 of 1922 a Supreme Decree stipulating in its operative part the creation of the "School of the Civil Guard and Police of the Republic." The purpose was to organize a corps of the Guardia Civil Spanish similar to Brock on the basis of the Gendarmerie of the Republic. Also the form of another body called the Security and Public Order on the basis of the old Guardia Civil Town and Country as well as found another body but called for Research and Surveillance (which would make the investigation of crimes) with elements taking advantage of the Investigations Section of the Administration Police and the first sergeants, graduates of the Army, or the same as serving as officers in the Gendarmerie exist.
The Police Academy was inaugurated on November 1 in 1922 and originally consisted of three sections:
The School began operations on November 4 of 1922, graduated on September 3 of 1923 the first batch of Civil Guards totaling up to 1988, promotions for 58 officers. The strength of the first class graduates from the Police Academy, addressed the Commissioners for Lima, constituting the security forces.
The cavalry was formed under the name of the Cavalry Squadron of Provincial Safety, which was organized on the Cavalry Squadron Gendarmes "Lima Guard" at the "Quinta de Presa."
Subsequently organized the First Infantry Regiment of Safety, consisting of battalions, which in turn merged with the Commissioners for Lima. Then, these units are spread throughout Peru, with the names of the Security Battalions of the North, Central and South, with offices in Trujillo, Arequipa and La Oroya respectively.
Similarly, the August 18 of 1924 decree established the first Joint Command of the Guardia Civil, with an Infantry Battalion, composed of two companies, and a Cavalry Squadron (formed on the basis of the former Police on horseback). Its investigation began the same month, graduated in 1925, being the highlights of the two Civil Guards infantry company headquarters to the San Lazaro is located at Calle Matamoros, in the Rimac and the Cavalry Squadron of the Cuartel shred Conchucos in the Barrios Altos, Lima, headquarters that the years would become the headquarters of the Cavalry Squadron Guards School of the School of Police and the Guardia Civil to the end of 1965 they moved to the Center for Instruction Civil Guard (now School Officers PNP) Mariano Santos "in the Countryside, Chorrillos.
The Health Service of the Interior and Police was created by Supreme Resolution of December 4 of 1924 as the support servie of the Civil Guards
On January 14 of 1929 the Traffic Battalion was raised, a merit of Act No. 6468, which entrusted the battation's mission to control traffic in the Capital of Peru, and Major GC Edilberto Salazar Castillo was named as its first chief. The service was started in November of that year.
Leguía reorganized the Corps Security Forces of the Republic, by decree of the Supreme March 17 of 1930, with the autonomy of the role of cavalry in the Police Cavalry Squadron and the Provincial Security becomes the First Cavalry Regiment Security, moving the entire unit Caballería Thriller, jockeys and horses, the "Quinta de Presa" the Barracks "The Potato", ratified at GC Col. Rufino Manuel Martinez Martinez as Head of the First Infantry Regiment of the Security and appointed Lieutenant Colonel Manuel GC Pella Cáceda as First Chief of the First Cavalry Regiment based at the Security Headquarters "The Potato."
With the reform of the January 5th of 1944 the Civil Guards Corps and Security Corps were merged into one body called the Peruvian Civil Guard. Under a government mandate that the staff responsible for providing services in the towns, the corps was dived accordingly into the Urban Civil Guard for urban municipalty and city security, and for the rural security services, the Rural Civil Guard.
Through President of the Republic Dr. José Luis Bustamante y Rivero on September 15 ,1948, the Minister for Police Doctor Julio Cesar Villegas Cerro issued a resolution granting the autonomy and functional independence of the Research and Surveillance Corps (CIV) and establishing the Directorate of Research and Monitoring as the top command.
In 1949, President of the Republic Army Divisional General Don Manuel Apolinario Odría Amoretti elevated the Directorate of Research and Monitoring to the category of a full general Directorate.
Ministerial Resolution of November 9 of 1955 established the Preparatory Section of the Police Women's CIV and on May 2 of 1956, forty women entered the Women's Section of the School of Research Assistants at the School of the Detectives.
In June 1960 VIC changed its name to the "Investigations Police of Peru" (PIP).
Since then Peru in the three police forces set by the Ministry of Government for the Interior until 1991 were as follows:
The latter was dominated by the Peruvian Army, even though separate from the armed forces, until 1975 when it had the first Director to rise from the PRG's ranks. By then, it began to have its own officer and NCO schools.
On February 4 of 1986, continuing with the project undertaken, legislative decrees 370, 371, 372, and 373 relating to the Organic Law of the Ministry of the Interior, the Code of the police force, and the Organic Law of the Civil Guard, Investigations Police and the Republican Guard were issued to the three forces.
Legislative Decree No. 371 "Code of the police force" laid the foundations for the definitive establishment of the National Police of Peru.
The Act establishes a single command (i.e. the Directorate General of police forces) and also the formation of a single study center for the preparation of police officers (known as the School Officers of the police force based at the former Civil Guard Instruction Center "Mariano Santos" in The Countryside - Chorrillos) and a national school for the guards and agents (referred to National Police headquarters at the former Republican Guard Institute in Puente Piedra).
The November 7 ,1988 Law 24,949 was enacted on December 6 of 1988 amending the relevant articles of the Political Constitution of Peru of 1979 finally created the National Police of Peru.
The objectives sought were, among others, to integrate the three police forces to make better use of economic resources, eliminate the conflict that existed between them caused by "double role" and, above all, provide better service to society.
With the unification of police forces the Civil Guard, the Police Department and the Republican Guard were renamed "General Police," Technological Police and Security Police until 1991.
Today, the National Police of Peru is a modern, efficient, experienced 25 years of war against terrorism and drug trafficking, with more than 140 thousand troops, is one of the largest in Latin America, has large land units, air and water as well as special forces and commandos, who are all over the country.
Police Staff:
1. Police Officers
1.1 General Officers:
1.2. Senior Officers:
1.3. Oficiales Subalternos : Junior officers:
1.4. Cadetes de la Escuela de Oficiales (Cadets of the Officers School)
2. Oficiales de Servicios (Officers Services)
2.1. Oficiales Generales (General Officers)
2.2 Oficiales Superiores (Senior Officers)
2.3 Oficiales Subalternos : 2.3 junior officers:
3. Personal con Estatus de Oficial (Personnel with Officer Status)
3.1. Oficiales Superiores (Senior Officers)
3.2 Oficiales Subalternos (junior officers)
4. Suboficiales (Non Commissioned Officers)
4.1. Suboficiales (Non Commissioned Officers)
4.2. Alumnos de las Escuelas de Suboficiales (Students of Schools for Non-Commissioned Officers)
Personal Subalterno de Servicios (Junior Staff Services)
Police
The police is a personification of the state designated to put in practice the enforced law, protect property and reduce civil disorder in civilian matters. Their powers include the legitimized use of force...
force of Peru
Peru
Peru , officially the Republic of Peru , is a country in western South America. It is bordered on the north by Ecuador and Colombia, on the east by Brazil, on the southeast by Bolivia, on the south by Chile, and on the west by the Pacific Ocean....
. Its jurisdiction covers the nation's land, sea, and air territories. Formed from the merger of the Investigative Police
Peruvian Investigative Police
The Policía de Investigaciones del Perú or Peruvian Investigative Police were a Peruvian plainclothes police unit, similar to the United States Federal Bureau of Investigation , whose function was to investigate crimes, gather intelligence, and fight subversion...
, the Civil Guard
Civil Guard (Peru)
The Civil Guard in Peru was formed as main preventive police force of Peru in 1922. It was organized and trained by a Spanish police mission sent to Peru at that time. It was not a detective force, investigations being carried out by the Investigative Police of Peru founded in the same year, while...
, and the Republican Guard
Republican Guard (Peru)
The Peruvian Republican Guard was a Peruvian security force responsibility for border control, custody of the prisons, and guarding significant government buildings.-History:...
in 1988, it is one of the largest police forces in Latin America
Latin America
Latin America is a region of the Americas where Romance languages – particularly Spanish and Portuguese, and variably French – are primarily spoken. Latin America has an area of approximately 21,069,500 km² , almost 3.9% of the Earth's surface or 14.1% of its land surface area...
. Its mission is to preserve domestic order, public order, and national security, in order to enforce the law and protect the people of Peru. The PNP is controlled by the Peruvian Interior Ministry. The PNP has a number of divisions, tasked with enforcing specific aspects of the law; among the more well known are DINOES (Special Operations), DINANDRO (Anti-Narcotics Unit), DININCRI (Criminal Investigations), and DIRCOTE
DIRCOTE
The Counter-Terrorist Directorate is the branch of the National Police of Peru that is responsible for Peru's anti-terrorist law enforcement efforts....
(Anti-Terrorism).
Functions of the National Police of Peru
Under its law of creation, the National Police has the following functions:- Maintaining security and public tranquility.
- Prevent, combat, investigate and report crimes.
- Ensure public safety.
- Provide protection to children, adolescents, the elderly and women who are at risk of their freedom.
- Investigate the disappearance of individuals.
- Ensuring freedom of movement and control vehicular and pedestrian on the public roads and ensure the transport vehicle and rail, to investigate and report accidents, and keep records of vehicle for law enforcement, in coordination with the authority responsible.
- Intervene in the carriage by air, sea, river and lake in their actions.
- Monitor and control the borders and enforce the laws on control of migration of nationals and foreigners.
- Providing security to the President of the Republic, the Heads of State on an official visit, the Presidents of the government and the autonomous constitutional bodies, the Congress, Ministers of State, as well as diplomats, dignitaries and other personalities.
- Comply with the written Judiciary, the Constitutional Court, National Election Board, the Public Ministry and the National Electoral Office, in exercising its functions.
- Participate in the establishment of security prisons, as well as the transfer of the accused and sentenced.
- Participate in the implementation of the provisions on the protection and conservation of natural resources and environment, safety heritage archaeological and culture of Peru.
- Ensuring the safety of goods and services, in coordination with relevant state bodies.
- Participate in National Defense, Civil Defense and the economic and social development of the country.
- Exercise to identify the persons for law enforcement purposes.
- Exercise such other functions as provided for in the Constitution and laws.
History
The history of Peru's Police dates back to the time of the Incas, but it is in the Republican era in which the police began to define itself as an institution with a mission and functions.The first police force appear to be part of the Armed Forces, in the period 1825 to 1839. The watchmen and guards are at this stage in charge of police functions.
The First Guardian of Order and police
After the proclamation of the independence of Peru in 1821 by the Libertador General Don José de San Martín establishes the "Civic Militia", with the aim of maintaining public order, with the Inspector General Don José Bernardo de Tagle, and Portocarrero, Marquis of Torre Tagle, who subsequently put the Supreme Government between 1823–1824, under the title of Supreme Delegate (January 19 to August 21 of 1822).The protectorate Sanmartinian also recognized the presidents of the departmental function Judges Police to ensure public morals and everything related to the advancement of peoples. Between 1822 and 1823 is a standard police services by putting them in charge of "commissioners" and "Decuriones," holding to support the old "Mayors Neighborhood." At this time a secret police known as the Civil Brigade, which had as its mission to account for those who conspired against the cause of Independence, with agents in the administration of the new government and the army.
In 1823 was issued the First Constitution of Peru, which was sanctioned by the First Constituent Congress November 12 of 1823, being president of the Republic Don Jose Bernardo Tagle, which provides for the creation of three ministries: the Government and Foreign Affairs, War and Navy and the Treasury, by the exercise of the police force under the Ministry of Government.
Although in this Constitution provided that to maintain security and order, the municipalities were responsible for the "Order of Police, also made clear in its Article 165 °, with respect to the Armed Forces and Police, that" constitute the Armed Forces of Earth: The Army line, the Civic Militia and Police Guard, "prioritizing the Civic Militia which will maintain public security within the limits of each Province and the Police Guard to protect the safety private roads purge of criminals, chasing criminals and subject to the orders of the respective authority. Similarly Article 177 º, literally says: "We created a Guardia Police in all departments that require according to their needs."
The Liberator Simón Bolívar
Simón Bolívar
Simón José Antonio de la Santísima Trinidad Bolívar y Palacios Ponte y Yeiter, commonly known as Simón Bolívar was a Venezuelan military and political leader...
Palacios Don, by decree of January 7 of 1825, turned in the Civic Militia "National Guard" in order to preserve public order in each of the regions and towns. This "National Guard", made on the basis of licensed military personnel and organized under a military system, was also the reserve army of Peru and was part of the armed forces. On December 9 of 1826, the Constitution is issued for life, that an article stated that the police force becomes independent of the municipal government (which was viceroy of the time lag), from the Ministry of Government through the prefectures and Intendencias.
On January 20 of 1827 was issued a "Provisional Regulations of Police", manuscript, and initialed by the Chairman of the Governing Council of the Republic of Peru Don Marshal Andrés de Santa Cruz Calaumana.
In 1834 the reappearance of the "serenos" properly armed and in uniform during the first government of Marshal Luis José de Orbegoso and Moncada, who perform work during the surveillance Viceroyalty. A little, "Regulation of Arequipa creates inspectors and guards, and the Forces of Order and Internal Security to pass orders Intendente Lima Police and the deputy prefect of provinces.
In his second administration (1836–1837), Marshal Andrés de Santa Cruz police action spread throughout the land, introduced the contribution of Serenazgo; previously to pay employees called Sereno providing a continuous surveillance.
The Mariscal Agustín Gamarra
Agustín Gamarra
Agustín Gamarra Messia was a Peruvian soldier and politician, becoming twice President of Peru from 1829 to 1833 and from 1838 to 1841....
, enacted in 1839 in Huancayo, a new Regulation of Police, which maintains the Police Chief at the head of a reorganized Corps of serenity and Vigilantes, establishing categories of Commander, and Lieutenant Cabos, serene and vigilant; Lima is divided into ten districts and details the various functions that are within its competence.
In 1845, Marshal Ramón Castilla Marquesado and in his first government (1845–1851), has a new organization the "National Guard", distributed in all departments, issued new rules and regulations to define the functions political authorities and the General Inspectorate of the expressed Force.
The National Gendarmerie
In 1851 assumed the presidency, General Don José Rufino Echenique Benavente who by supreme decree of April 14 of 1852 [2] reorganizes the Police Force into one body and creates the "Peru's National Gendarmerie, Police Force as armed picket of gendarmes in charge of army officers, which went into the tables of these units were also created so-called "roving Barracks."The same year of its creation (1852) came into office 8 Companies Gendarmes Infantry Regiment and a Cavalry Gendarmes compound 4 Squadrons.
The first Gendarmería provisions were enacted in 1853 and 1855, Marshal Ramón Castilla and Marquesado, begins his second administration (1855–1862), proceeding to reorganize the gendarmerie, on April 7 of 1856, [3] by merging it existing police forces, setting stringent entry requirements and increasing its strength.
However, the needs of the service, made in 1856 the Head of Government Dr. Juan del Mar, a company created 120 "caretakers" to guard Lima.
On August 7 of 1861, the old organization was disbanded and its replacement are formed in two battalions, which would be known as: Gendarmes Infantry Battalions Numbers 1 and 2.
The Gendarmes Infantry Battalion No. 1 as the host would take the Barracks Sacraments Santa Ana, located in the street of the same name and next to Plaza Italia, in Barrios Altos, now converted into the state educational institution "Heroes Cenepa "and that the battalion would be August 7 in 1919 was named the "Republican Guard".
The 1873 Police Reform
Don Manuel Pardo and Lavalle, assumes the presidency on August 2, 1872, being one of its first actions to reorganize the police force.By Supreme Decree signed on December 31 of 1873, with legislative approval April 3 of 1874, the President Manuel Pardo, reorganized the police in the following manner:
- "Neighborhood Organization", composed by the neighbors against criminals, by the Mayors.
- "Police Services", composed of the Security Police in markets and public places.
- "Police for Establishments.
- "Rural Police."
- "Prison Guards."
- "Port Police, regulated by the Navy.
- "Organization of the permanent forces," for the preservation of public order, preventing crimes and other cities.
It also refers to "urban and rural stations and of the Regular Police Force divided into Gendarmerie and the Guardia Civil. [4] Thus was born the Guardia Civil of Peru, the Supreme Decrees issued two headings: the December 31 of 1873 (published in the Diario Oficial "El Peruano" on January 28 of 1874) and March 23 of 1874 providing for its creation. Don Manuel Pardo and Lavalle confirms the organization of the Gendarmerie and the purely military, but to fulfill duties of maintaining order and security.
The new police force called the "Guardia Civil", would work to provide security and safety to citizens, while the Gendarmerie maintain the safety and security of public buildings, prisons and members of government.
During the War with Chile, the Guardia Civil of Peru would have a significant and active role to fight alongside the army of Peru and is in the Battle of Tarapacá excels where the Guardia Civil Mariano Santos Mateos whose action was critical to the Army of Peru obtains victory in this action weapon. Mariano Santos Mateos, Tarapacá the Brave, belonged to the Infantry Battalion "Guards Arequipa" No. 25, Unit 6 consisting of Civil Guard companies, and managed to capture in this war, the arms Peruvian the Colonel regimentaria (flag) of the 2nd Regiment. Line Infantry Army opponent being congratulated by his action and was promoted to the next higher grade of Inspector Guard Guardia Civil del Perú.
Police Reorganization Law
The formation of the former police lasted until 1919, the year in the second government of Don Augusto Bernardino Leguía Salcedo decided to reorganize through a Legislative Decree No. 1163 issued on August 7 of 1919. Among other things provided for the establishment of "a school for aspiring police officers and individuals in the institution."The President of the Republic Don Augusto Bernardino Leguía Salcedo, at the suggestion of the Peruvian Army General Gerardo Alvarez, who was in Paris was able to appreciate the important and efficient services that meet the French in an institution called "Legion of the Republican Guard", Supreme Decree of August 7 of 1919 [5] provided, emulating the Republican Guard of France, the Gendarmes Infantry Battalion No. 1 was called Gendarmes Infantry Battalion "Republican Guard of Peru" No. 1, which should have the same functions as the Republican Guard of Paris since it was created in His image and likeness, giving him the task of the safety of government establishments and services, "the security of the Government Palace and Congress."
The headquarters of the Infantry Battalion Gendarmes "Republican Guard of Peru" No. 1 of the Gendarmerie National Cuartel Peru remained the "Sacraments of Santa Ana" in Barrios Altos, was its first Chief Sergeant Major Florentino Bustamante, who came exercise command Gendarmes Infantry Battalion No. 1 since July 9 of 1919 and continued as head of the Battalion until September 30 of 1923. Thus Battalion "Republican Guard of Peru" became the Presidential Guard Infantry of the Government Palace to several years after the assassination of President Luis Miguel Sánchez Cerro on April 30 of 1933.
As the purpose of President Leguía was taken as a model Police Spain, asks the government of His Catholic Majesty the King of Spain Don Alfonso XIII, sending to the capital of Peru on a Spanish police mission to organize and instruct the Peru to the police of the republic. Leguía through Supreme Resolution of April 4 of 1921, has a mission to recruit the Benemérita Guardia Civil from Spain, to establish the basis on which the Civil Guard should be formed of Peru, which came, and stood out, sign up at Madrid on October 1 of 1921, the diplomatic settlement that were recruited by the services of a Mission Benemérita Guardia Civil Spanish, the same as the November 22 of 1921 came to the capital of Peru and was chaired by then Lieutenant Colonel GCE Spain Mr. Pedro Pueyo. Completing the mission Captain Lord Bernardo Sanchez Visaires GCE, GCE Lord Lieutenant Adolfo Parreño Carretero, who due to illness had to return to Spain, and was replaced by the same class of CGE Lord Lieutenant Fernando Gomez and Sgt Ayau 1 GCE Mr José Gómez Hernández (First Guard instructor).
The Spanish police mission, after installed, went to work planning and formulation of projects for the reform of the police, delivering within a month of their arrival, the documentation on January 21 of 1922, having presented to the President Leguía and the Minister for Police and Leguía Germán Martínez, 14 bills that comprise the complete plan of reorganization of the Civil Guards, Safety and Security of the entire republic. This study was approved by the chairman of the Leguía, who considered the plan proposed in the 14 projects mentioned, the only hacedero for the reorganization, for his excellent ways of adapting the economy and that despite the improvement of all services involved.
As a result of work carried out by the Spanish Mission, the government issued July 3 of 1922 a Supreme Decree stipulating in its operative part the creation of the "School of the Civil Guard and Police of the Republic." The purpose was to organize a corps of the Guardia Civil Spanish similar to Brock on the basis of the Gendarmerie of the Republic. Also the form of another body called the Security and Public Order on the basis of the old Guardia Civil Town and Country as well as found another body but called for Research and Surveillance (which would make the investigation of crimes) with elements taking advantage of the Investigations Section of the Administration Police and the first sergeants, graduates of the Army, or the same as serving as officers in the Gendarmerie exist.
The Police Academy was inaugurated on November 1 in 1922 and originally consisted of three sections:
- La 1ra., Superior de Oficiales, 1st Senior Officials
- La 2da., de Tropa y Aspirantes a Clase 2nd., Army and Aspiring class three bodies.
- La 3ra. Special Section for Aspiring Research and Surveillance of fingerprinting and its annex.
The School began operations on November 4 of 1922, graduated on September 3 of 1923 the first batch of Civil Guards totaling up to 1988, promotions for 58 officers. The strength of the first class graduates from the Police Academy, addressed the Commissioners for Lima, constituting the security forces.
The cavalry was formed under the name of the Cavalry Squadron of Provincial Safety, which was organized on the Cavalry Squadron Gendarmes "Lima Guard" at the "Quinta de Presa."
Subsequently organized the First Infantry Regiment of Safety, consisting of battalions, which in turn merged with the Commissioners for Lima. Then, these units are spread throughout Peru, with the names of the Security Battalions of the North, Central and South, with offices in Trujillo, Arequipa and La Oroya respectively.
Similarly, the August 18 of 1924 decree established the first Joint Command of the Guardia Civil, with an Infantry Battalion, composed of two companies, and a Cavalry Squadron (formed on the basis of the former Police on horseback). Its investigation began the same month, graduated in 1925, being the highlights of the two Civil Guards infantry company headquarters to the San Lazaro is located at Calle Matamoros, in the Rimac and the Cavalry Squadron of the Cuartel shred Conchucos in the Barrios Altos, Lima, headquarters that the years would become the headquarters of the Cavalry Squadron Guards School of the School of Police and the Guardia Civil to the end of 1965 they moved to the Center for Instruction Civil Guard (now School Officers PNP) Mariano Santos "in the Countryside, Chorrillos.
The Health Service of the Interior and Police was created by Supreme Resolution of December 4 of 1924 as the support servie of the Civil Guards
On January 14 of 1929 the Traffic Battalion was raised, a merit of Act No. 6468, which entrusted the battation's mission to control traffic in the Capital of Peru, and Major GC Edilberto Salazar Castillo was named as its first chief. The service was started in November of that year.
Leguía reorganized the Corps Security Forces of the Republic, by decree of the Supreme March 17 of 1930, with the autonomy of the role of cavalry in the Police Cavalry Squadron and the Provincial Security becomes the First Cavalry Regiment Security, moving the entire unit Caballería Thriller, jockeys and horses, the "Quinta de Presa" the Barracks "The Potato", ratified at GC Col. Rufino Manuel Martinez Martinez as Head of the First Infantry Regiment of the Security and appointed Lieutenant Colonel Manuel GC Pella Cáceda as First Chief of the First Cavalry Regiment based at the Security Headquarters "The Potato."
With the reform of the January 5th of 1944 the Civil Guards Corps and Security Corps were merged into one body called the Peruvian Civil Guard. Under a government mandate that the staff responsible for providing services in the towns, the corps was dived accordingly into the Urban Civil Guard for urban municipalty and city security, and for the rural security services, the Rural Civil Guard.
Through President of the Republic Dr. José Luis Bustamante y Rivero on September 15 ,1948, the Minister for Police Doctor Julio Cesar Villegas Cerro issued a resolution granting the autonomy and functional independence of the Research and Surveillance Corps (CIV) and establishing the Directorate of Research and Monitoring as the top command.
In 1949, President of the Republic Army Divisional General Don Manuel Apolinario Odría Amoretti elevated the Directorate of Research and Monitoring to the category of a full general Directorate.
Ministerial Resolution of November 9 of 1955 established the Preparatory Section of the Police Women's CIV and on May 2 of 1956, forty women entered the Women's Section of the School of Research Assistants at the School of the Detectives.
In June 1960 VIC changed its name to the "Investigations Police of Peru" (PIP).
Since then Peru in the three police forces set by the Ministry of Government for the Interior until 1991 were as follows:
- Police Corps "Civil Guard of Peru"
- Detective Corps "Investigations Police of Peru"
- Gendarmerie Corps "Peruvian Republican Guards"
The latter was dominated by the Peruvian Army, even though separate from the armed forces, until 1975 when it had the first Director to rise from the PRG's ranks. By then, it began to have its own officer and NCO schools.
Unification of the Police Forces
President Alan García Pérez, in his first government (1985–1990), began on September 14 of 1985, under the law 24,294 of the Republic, as approved by Congress, a reorganization of the police force.On February 4 of 1986, continuing with the project undertaken, legislative decrees 370, 371, 372, and 373 relating to the Organic Law of the Ministry of the Interior, the Code of the police force, and the Organic Law of the Civil Guard, Investigations Police and the Republican Guard were issued to the three forces.
Legislative Decree No. 371 "Code of the police force" laid the foundations for the definitive establishment of the National Police of Peru.
The Act establishes a single command (i.e. the Directorate General of police forces) and also the formation of a single study center for the preparation of police officers (known as the School Officers of the police force based at the former Civil Guard Instruction Center "Mariano Santos" in The Countryside - Chorrillos) and a national school for the guards and agents (referred to National Police headquarters at the former Republican Guard Institute in Puente Piedra).
The November 7 ,1988 Law 24,949 was enacted on December 6 of 1988 amending the relevant articles of the Political Constitution of Peru of 1979 finally created the National Police of Peru.
The objectives sought were, among others, to integrate the three police forces to make better use of economic resources, eliminate the conflict that existed between them caused by "double role" and, above all, provide better service to society.
With the unification of police forces the Civil Guard, the Police Department and the Republican Guard were renamed "General Police," Technological Police and Security Police until 1991.
Today, the National Police of Peru is a modern, efficient, experienced 25 years of war against terrorism and drug trafficking, with more than 140 thousand troops, is one of the largest in Latin America, has large land units, air and water as well as special forces and commandos, who are all over the country.
Ranks and titles
The hierarchy of the National Police of Peru (since 1992) is structured in accordance with the following template:Police Staff:
1. Police Officers
1.1 General Officers:
- General of Police. [6]
- Lieutenant General
- General [7]
1.2. Senior Officers:
- Coronel - Colonel.
- Comandante - Commandant
- Mayor - Major.
1.3. Oficiales Subalternos : Junior officers:
- Capitán - Captain.
- Teniente - Lieutenant.
- Alférez - Ensign.
1.4. Cadetes de la Escuela de Oficiales (Cadets of the Officers School)
2. Oficiales de Servicios (Officers Services)
2.1. Oficiales Generales (General Officers)
- General - General.
2.2 Oficiales Superiores (Senior Officers)
- Coronel - Colonel.
- Comandante - Commander.
- Mayor - Major.
2.3 Oficiales Subalternos : 2.3 junior officers:
- Capitán - Captain.
- Teniente - Lieutenant.
- Alférez - Ensign.
3. Personal con Estatus de Oficial (Personnel with Officer Status)
3.1. Oficiales Superiores (Senior Officers)
- Comandante Maestro Armero - Commander Master Major
- Mayor Maestro Armero - Armorer Master Major
3.2 Oficiales Subalternos (junior officers)
- Capitán Maestro Armero Captain Maestro Armero
- Teniente Maestro Armero Lieutenant Maestro Armero
- Alférez Maestro Armero Ensign Maestro Armero
4. Suboficiales (Non Commissioned Officers)
4.1. Suboficiales (Non Commissioned Officers)
- Suboficial Superior - Superior sergeant
- Suboficial Brigadier - Brigadier sergeant
- Suboficial Técnico de 1ra - Technical Sergeant 1st class
- Suboficial Técnico de 2da - Technical Sergeant 2nd class
- Suboficial Técnico de 3ra - Sergeant Technician 3rd class
- Suboficial de 1ra - Sergeant 1st class
- Suboficial de 2da - Sergeant 2nd class
- Suboficial de 3ra - Sergeant 3rd class
4.2. Alumnos de las Escuelas de Suboficiales (Students of Schools for Non-Commissioned Officers)
Personal Subalterno de Servicios (Junior Staff Services)
- Especialista Superior - Senior Specialist.
- Especialista Brigadier - Specialist Brig.
- Especialista Técnico de 1ra - Technical Specialist 1st.
- Especialista Técnico de 2da - Technical Specialist 2nd.
- Especialista Técnico de 3ra - Technical Specialist 3rd.
- Especialista de 1ra - Specialist 1st class
- Especialista de 2da - Specialist 2nd class
- Especialista de 3ra - Specialist 3rd class
Aircraft Inventory
| Aircraft | Origin | Type | Version | In service | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Utility aircraft Utility aircraft A utility aircraft is a general-purpose light plane or helicopter, usually used for transporting people or freight, but also for other duties when a more specialised aircraft is not required or available.... |
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| Beechcraft King Air Beechcraft King Air The Beechcraft King Air family is part of a line of twin-turboprop aircraft produced by the Beech Aircraft Corporation... |
liaison aircraft | King Air E90 | 1 | |||
| Cessna 206 | trainer aircraft | Cessna 206 | 2 | |||
| Cessna 208 Cessna 208 The Cessna 208 Caravan is a single turboprop engine, fixed-gear short-haul regional airliner and utility aircraft built in the United States by Cessna. The airplane typically seats nine passengers, with a single person crew, although with a FAR Part 23 waiver, it can seat up to fourteen passengers... |
liaison aircraft | Grand Caravan | 1 | |||
| Cessna 210 Cessna 210 The Cessna 210 Centurion is a six-seat, high-performance, retractable-gear single-engine general aviation aircraft which was first flown in January 1957 and produced by Cessna until 1985.-Design and development:... |
trainer aircraft | Cessna 210 | 1 | |||
| Piper PA-31 Navajo Piper PA-31 Navajo The Piper PA-31 Navajo is a family of cabin-class, twin-engine aircraft designed and built by Piper Aircraft for the general aviation market, most using Lycoming engines. It was also licence-built in a number of Latin American countries. Targeted at small-scale cargo and feeder liner operations and... |
liaison aircraft | PA-31 Navajo Panther | 1 | |||
| Transport aircraft Military transport aircraft Military transport aircraft are typically fixed and rotary wing cargo aircraft which are used to deliver troops, weapons and other military equipment by a variety of methods to any area of military operations around the surface of the planet, usually outside of the commercial flight routes in... |
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| Antonov An-32 Antonov An-32 The Antonov An-32 is a twin-engined turboprop military transport aircraft.-Design and development:The An-32 is basically a re-engined An-26. The launch customer was the Indian Air Force, which ordered this aircraft partly due to good relations between then USSR leader Leonid Brezhnev and then... |
transport | An-32B | 4 | |||
| Harbin Y-12 Harbin Y-12 -See also:-Bibliography:* Taylor, John W R. . Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1988-89. Coulsdon, Surrey, UK: Jane's Information Group, 1988. ISBN 07106-0867-5.... |
transport | Y-12 Turbo Panda | 2 | three acquired in 1993 | ||
| Rockwell Turbo Commander | VIP transport | Turbo Commander 690 | 1 | |||
| Helicopters | ||||||
| Bell UH-1 | transport helicopter | UH-1H | 23 | |||
| Bölkow Bo 105 Bölkow Bo 105 The MBB Bo 105 is a light, twin-engine, multi-purpose utility helicopter developed by Bölkow of Stuttgart, Germany. Production began under Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm , which became a part of Eurocopter in 1991... |
utility helicopter | Bo-105LSA3 | 7 | |||
| MBB/Kawasaki BK 117 | utility helicopter | BK-117B1 BK-117B2 |
2 3 |
|||
| Mil Mi-17 Mil Mi-17 The Mil Mi-17 is a Russian helicopter currently in production at two factories in Kazan and Ulan-Ude... |
transport helicopter | Mi-17 | 10 | |||
| Robinson R-22 | light utility helicopter | R-22 Beta II | 1 | |||
| Robinson R-44 | Robinson R-44 Raven II | 2 | Acquisition 2010 for 2 R-44 Raven, and the amount was $960,000.,it was giving to Callao, Peru. | |||
External links
- Policía Nacional del Perú Official Site