Muehlenbeckia
Encyclopedia
Muehlenbeckia or the Maidenhair genus
is native to the southern hemisphere
, especially South America
, Papua New Guinea
, Australia
and New Zealand
and has been introduced both by birds and cultivation to temperate locales north of the equator. Some are tiny alpine
mat-forming plants whereas others are vigorous vine
s with masses of dark stem
s and minimal small bronze-tinged leaf
. In virtually frost-free environments rampant species can become weed
y and difficult to eradicate.
Genus
In biology, a genus is a low-level taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms, which is an example of definition by genus and differentia...
is native to the southern hemisphere
Southern Hemisphere
The Southern Hemisphere is the part of Earth that lies south of the equator. The word hemisphere literally means 'half ball' or "half sphere"...
, especially South America
South America
South America is a continent situated in the Western Hemisphere, mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the Northern Hemisphere. The continent is also considered a subcontinent of the Americas. It is bordered on the west by the Pacific Ocean and on the north and east...
, Papua New Guinea
Papua New Guinea
Papua New Guinea , officially the Independent State of Papua New Guinea, is a country in Oceania, occupying the eastern half of the island of New Guinea and numerous offshore islands...
, Australia
Australia
Australia , officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country in the Southern Hemisphere comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. It is the world's sixth-largest country by total area...
and New Zealand
New Zealand
New Zealand is an island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses and numerous smaller islands. The country is situated some east of Australia across the Tasman Sea, and roughly south of the Pacific island nations of New Caledonia, Fiji, and Tonga...
and has been introduced both by birds and cultivation to temperate locales north of the equator. Some are tiny alpine
Alpine plant
Alpine plants are plants that grow in the alpine climate, which occurs at high elevation and above the tree line. Alpine plants grow together as a plant community in alpine tundra.-Alpine plant diversity:...
mat-forming plants whereas others are vigorous vine
Vine
A vine in the narrowest sense is the grapevine , but more generally it can refer to any plant with a growth habit of trailing or scandent, that is to say climbing, stems or runners...
s with masses of dark stem
Plant stem
A stem is one of two main structural axes of a vascular plant. The stem is normally divided into nodes and internodes, the nodes hold buds which grow into one or more leaves, inflorescence , conifer cones, roots, other stems etc. The internodes distance one node from another...
s and minimal small bronze-tinged leaf
Leaves
-History:Vocalist Arnar Gudjonsson was formerly the guitarist with Mower, and he was joined by Hallur Hallsson , Arnar Ólafsson , Bjarni Grímsson , and Andri Ásgrímsson . Late in 2001 they played with Emiliana Torrini and drew early praise from the New York Times...
. In virtually frost-free environments rampant species can become weed
Weed
A weed in a general sense is a plant that is considered by the user of the term to be a nuisance, and normally applied to unwanted plants in human-controlled settings, especially farm fields and gardens, but also lawns, parks, woods, and other areas. More specifically, the term is often used to...
y and difficult to eradicate.
Taxonomy
Muehlenbeckia taxa include (synonyms listed below):- Muehlenbeckia adpressaMuehlenbeckia adpressaMuehlenbeckia adpressa is a prostrate or climbing plant, native to Australia. It has thin red-brown stems up to 1 metre in length. The leaves are 1.5 to 6 cm long and 1.5 to 3.5 cm wide. It occurs in coastal areas of Western Australia, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria and New South...
(Labill.) Meisn.Carl MeissnerCarl Daniel Friedrich Meissner was a Swiss botanist.Born in Bern, Switzerland on 1 November 1800, he was christened Meisner but later changed the spelling of his name to Meissner. For most of his 40 year career he was Professor of Botany at University of Basel...
— Climbing Lignum - Muehlenbeckia astoniiMuehlenbeckia astoniiMuehlenbeckia astonii is an ornamental plant in the Polygonaceae family. It is an endemic New Zealand shrub. It is a curious plant and very distinct from any other native New Zealand species. It is leafless in winter...
Petrie — Shrubby tororaro, Wiggy-wig bush - Muehlenbeckia australis (G.Forst.) Meisn.Carl MeissnerCarl Daniel Friedrich Meissner was a Swiss botanist.Born in Bern, Switzerland on 1 November 1800, he was christened Meisner but later changed the spelling of his name to Meissner. For most of his 40 year career he was Professor of Botany at University of Basel...
— Shrubby Creeper, Pohuehue - Muehlenbeckia axillarisMuehlenbeckia axillarisMuehlenbeckia axillaris is a low shrub, forming wiry mats up to about 1 m in diameter, native to New Zealand, and Tasmania, New South Wales and Victoria in Australia. It has thin, red-brown stems, with squarish to roundish leaves that are less than 1 cm in diameter, and 2–4 mm thick...
(Hook. f.) Walp. — sprawling wirevine- Muehlenbeckia hypogaea Colenso
- Muehlenbeckia chilensis Meisn.Carl MeissnerCarl Daniel Friedrich Meissner was a Swiss botanist.Born in Bern, Switzerland on 1 November 1800, he was christened Meisner but later changed the spelling of his name to Meissner. For most of his 40 year career he was Professor of Botany at University of Basel...
- Muehlenbeckia coccoloboides J.M.Black
- Muehlenbeckia costata K.L.Wilson & R.O.Makinson
- Muehlenbeckia complexaMuehlenbeckia complexaMuehlenbeckia complexa, commonly known as maidenhair vine, creeping wire vine, lacy wire vine, angel vine, mattress vine, mattress wire weed, necklace vine, and wire vine, is an ornamental plant in the Polygonaceae family, which is native to New Zealand. It is quite vigorous and probably the best...
(A. Cunn.) Meisn.Carl MeissnerCarl Daniel Friedrich Meissner was a Swiss botanist.Born in Bern, Switzerland on 1 November 1800, he was christened Meisner but later changed the spelling of his name to Meissner. For most of his 40 year career he was Professor of Botany at University of Basel...
— maidenhair vine, creeping wire vine, lacy wire vine, mattress vine, mattress wire weed, necklace vine, wire vine - Muehlenbeckia ephedroides (Hook. f.) Hook. f.
- Muehlenbeckia diclina (F.Muell.) F.Muell. — Slender Lignum
- Muehlenbeckia florulentaMuehlenbeckia florulentaMuehlenbeckia florulenta, commonly known as Tangled Lignum or often simply Lignum, is a plant native to inland Australia. It is associated with wetland habitats, especially those in arid and semiarid regions subject to cycles of intermittent flooding and drying out...
Meisn.Carl MeissnerCarl Daniel Friedrich Meissner was a Swiss botanist.Born in Bern, Switzerland on 1 November 1800, he was christened Meisner but later changed the spelling of his name to Meissner. For most of his 40 year career he was Professor of Botany at University of Basel...
— Tangled Lignum- Muehlenbeckia cunninghamii (Meisn.Carl MeissnerCarl Daniel Friedrich Meissner was a Swiss botanist.Born in Bern, Switzerland on 1 November 1800, he was christened Meisner but later changed the spelling of his name to Meissner. For most of his 40 year career he was Professor of Botany at University of Basel...
) F.Muell.
- Muehlenbeckia cunninghamii (Meisn.
- Muehlenbeckia gracillima Meisn.Carl MeissnerCarl Daniel Friedrich Meissner was a Swiss botanist.Born in Bern, Switzerland on 1 November 1800, he was christened Meisner but later changed the spelling of his name to Meissner. For most of his 40 year career he was Professor of Botany at University of Basel...
- Muehlenbeckia gunnii (Hook.f.) Endl. — Costal lignum
- Muehlenbeckia hastulata (Sm.) I.M. Johnst. — wirevine
- Muehlenbeckia horrida H.Gross
- Muehlenbeckia horrida subsp. abditaMuehlenbeckia horrida subsp. abditaMuehlenbeckia horrida subsp. abdita, commonly known as Remote Thorny Lignum, is a critically endangered shrub endemic to Western Australia.-Description:...
- Muehlenbeckia horrida subsp. horrida
- Muehlenbeckia peruviana Meisn.Carl MeissnerCarl Daniel Friedrich Meissner was a Swiss botanist.Born in Bern, Switzerland on 1 November 1800, he was christened Meisner but later changed the spelling of his name to Meissner. For most of his 40 year career he was Professor of Botany at University of Basel...
- Muehlenbeckia polybotrya Meisn.Carl MeissnerCarl Daniel Friedrich Meissner was a Swiss botanist.Born in Bern, Switzerland on 1 November 1800, he was christened Meisner but later changed the spelling of his name to Meissner. For most of his 40 year career he was Professor of Botany at University of Basel...
- Muehlenbeckia rhyticarya Benth.
- Muehlenbeckia sagittifolia Meisn.Carl MeissnerCarl Daniel Friedrich Meissner was a Swiss botanist.Born in Bern, Switzerland on 1 November 1800, he was christened Meisner but later changed the spelling of his name to Meissner. For most of his 40 year career he was Professor of Botany at University of Basel...
- Muehlenbeckia triloba Danser
- Muehlenbeckia tuggeranongg Mallinson
- Muehlenbeckia zippelii (Meisn.) Danser
Distribution
Native:- AustralasiaAustralasiaAustralasia is a region of Oceania comprising Australia, New Zealand, the island of New Guinea, and neighbouring islands in the Pacific Ocean. The term was coined by Charles de Brosses in Histoire des navigations aux terres australes...
:- Australia: Australian Capital TerritoryAustralian Capital TerritoryThe Australian Capital Territory, often abbreviated ACT, is the capital territory of the Commonwealth of Australia and is the smallest self-governing internal territory...
, New South WalesNew South WalesNew South Wales is a state of :Australia, located in the east of the country. It is bordered by Queensland, Victoria and South Australia to the north, south and west respectively. To the east, the state is bordered by the Tasman Sea, which forms part of the Pacific Ocean. New South Wales...
, Norfolk Islands, Northern TerritoryNorthern TerritoryThe Northern Territory is a federal territory of Australia, occupying much of the centre of the mainland continent, as well as the central northern regions...
, QueenslandQueenslandQueensland is a state of Australia, occupying the north-eastern section of the mainland continent. It is bordered by the Northern Territory, South Australia and New South Wales to the west, south-west and south respectively. To the east, Queensland is bordered by the Coral Sea and Pacific Ocean...
, South AustraliaSouth AustraliaSouth Australia is a state of Australia in the southern central part of the country. It covers some of the most arid parts of the continent; with a total land area of , it is the fourth largest of Australia's six states and two territories.South Australia shares borders with all of the mainland...
, TasmaniaTasmaniaTasmania is an Australian island and state. It is south of the continent, separated by Bass Strait. The state includes the island of Tasmania—the 26th largest island in the world—and the surrounding islands. The state has a population of 507,626 , of whom almost half reside in the greater Hobart...
, VictoriaVictoria (Australia)Victoria is the second most populous state in Australia. Geographically the smallest mainland state, Victoria is bordered by New South Wales, South Australia, and Tasmania on Boundary Islet to the north, west and south respectively....
, Western AustraliaWestern AustraliaWestern Australia is a state of Australia, occupying the entire western third of the Australian continent. It is bounded by the Indian Ocean to the north and west, the Great Australian Bight and Indian Ocean to the south, the Northern Territory to the north-east and South Australia to the south-east... - New Zealand: Chatham IslandsChatham IslandsThe Chatham Islands are an archipelago and New Zealand territory in the Pacific Ocean consisting of about ten islands within a radius, the largest of which are Chatham Island and Pitt Island. Their name in the indigenous language, Moriori, means Misty Sun...
, New Zealand NorthNorth IslandThe North Island is one of the two main islands of New Zealand, separated from the much less populous South Island by Cook Strait. The island is in area, making it the world's 14th-largest island...
, New Zealand SouthSouth IslandThe South Island is the larger of the two major islands of New Zealand, the other being the more populous North Island. It is bordered to the north by Cook Strait, to the west by the Tasman Sea, to the south and east by the Pacific Ocean... - Papuasia: New GuineaNew GuineaNew Guinea is the world's second largest island, after Greenland, covering a land area of 786,000 km2. Located in the southwest Pacific Ocean, it lies geographically to the east of the Malay Archipelago, with which it is sometimes included as part of a greater Indo-Australian Archipelago...
- Australia: Australian Capital Territory
- NeotropicNeotropicIn biogeography, the Neotropic or Neotropical zone is one of the eight terrestrial ecozones. This ecozone includes South and Central America, the Mexican lowlands, the Caribbean islands, and southern Florida, because these regions share a large number of plant and animal groups.It is sometimes used...
:- Central America: HondurasHondurasHonduras is a republic in Central America. It was previously known as Spanish Honduras to differentiate it from British Honduras, which became the modern-day state of Belize...
- Southern South America: ChileChileChile ,officially the Republic of Chile , is a country in South America occupying a long, narrow coastal strip between the Andes mountains to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the west. It borders Peru to the north, Bolivia to the northeast, Argentina to the east, and the Drake Passage in the far...
- Central America: Honduras