Minuscule 221
Encyclopedia
Minuscule 221 α69 (Soden), is a Greek
minuscule manuscript
of the New Testament
, on parchment. Paleographically
it has been assigned to the 10th century. Scrivener labelled it by 212a and 250p.
It has marginalia
.
, Catholic epistles, and Pauline epistles
on 382 parchment leaves (size ). The text is written in one column per page, 18-19 lines per page.
The text is divided according to the (chapters), whose numbers are given at the margin, with their (titles of chapters) at the top of the pages.
It contains prolegomena, lists of the (tables of the contents) before each biblical book, pictures, subscriptions at the end of each book, and numbers of στιχοι
to Paul.
It also contains one leaf from Cyril's
Homilies, and two others later.
According to Scrivener it is a beautiful copy.
. Aland
placed it in Category V.
It contains the Comma Johanneum
, but it was added by a later hand.
(along with Minuscule 222
).
The manuscript was examined by Coxe, Scrivener, and C. R. Gregory (1887).
It is currently housed at the Bodleian Library
(Canon. Gr. 110), at Oxford
.
Greek language
Greek is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages. Native to the southern Balkans, it has the longest documented history of any Indo-European language, spanning 34 centuries of written records. Its writing system has been the Greek alphabet for the majority of its history;...
minuscule manuscript
Manuscript
A manuscript or handwrite is written information that has been manually created by someone or some people, such as a hand-written letter, as opposed to being printed or reproduced some other way...
of the New Testament
New Testament
The New Testament is the second major division of the Christian biblical canon, the first such division being the much longer Old Testament....
, on parchment. Paleographically
Palaeography
Palaeography, also spelt paleography is the study of ancient writing. Included in the discipline is the practice of deciphering, reading, and dating historical manuscripts, and the cultural context of writing, including the methods with which writing and books were produced, and the history of...
it has been assigned to the 10th century. Scrivener labelled it by 212a and 250p.
It has marginalia
Marginalia
Marginalia are scribbles, comments, and illuminations in the margins of a book.- Biblical manuscripts :Biblical manuscripts have liturgical notes at the margin, for liturgical use. Numbers of texts' divisions are given at the margin...
.
Description
The codex contains a complete text of the Acts of the ApostlesActs of the Apostles
The Acts of the Apostles , usually referred to simply as Acts, is the fifth book of the New Testament; Acts outlines the history of the Apostolic Age...
, Catholic epistles, and Pauline epistles
Pauline epistles
The Pauline epistles, Epistles of Paul, or Letters of Paul, are the thirteen New Testament books which have the name Paul as the first word, hence claiming authorship by Paul the Apostle. Among these letters are some of the earliest extant Christian documents...
on 382 parchment leaves (size ). The text is written in one column per page, 18-19 lines per page.
The text is divided according to the (chapters), whose numbers are given at the margin, with their (titles of chapters) at the top of the pages.
It contains prolegomena, lists of the (tables of the contents) before each biblical book, pictures, subscriptions at the end of each book, and numbers of στιχοι
Stichometry
Stichometry is a term applied to the measurement of ancient texts by στίχοι or verses of a fixed standard length.It was the custom of the Greeks and Romans to estimate the length of their literary works by measured lines...
to Paul.
It also contains one leaf from Cyril's
Cyril of Alexandria
Cyril of Alexandria was the Patriarch of Alexandria from 412 to 444. He came to power when the city was at its height of influence and power within the Roman Empire. Cyril wrote extensively and was a leading protagonist in the Christological controversies of the later 4th and 5th centuries...
Homilies, and two others later.
According to Scrivener it is a beautiful copy.
Text
The Greek text of the codex is a representative of the Byzantine text-typeByzantine text-type
The Byzantine text-type is one of several text-types used in textual criticism to describe the textual character of Greek New Testament manuscripts. It is the form found in the largest number of surviving manuscripts, though not in the oldest...
. Aland
Kurt Aland
Kurt Aland was a German Theologian and Professor of New Testament Research and Church History. He founded the Institut für neutestamentliche Textforschung in Münster and served as its first director for many years...
placed it in Category V.
It contains the Comma Johanneum
Comma Johanneum
The Comma Johanneum is a comma in the First Epistle of John according to the Latin Vulgate text as transmitted since the Early Middle Ages, based on Vetus Latina minority readings dating to the 7th century...
, but it was added by a later hand.
History
The manuscript was brought by Busbeck from ConstantinopleConstantinople
Constantinople was the capital of the Roman, Eastern Roman, Byzantine, Latin, and Ottoman Empires. Throughout most of the Middle Ages, Constantinople was Europe's largest and wealthiest city.-Names:...
(along with Minuscule 222
Minuscule 222
Minuscule 222 , A404 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on paper. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 14th century...
).
The manuscript was examined by Coxe, Scrivener, and C. R. Gregory (1887).
It is currently housed at the Bodleian Library
Bodleian Library
The Bodleian Library , the main research library of the University of Oxford, is one of the oldest libraries in Europe, and in Britain is second in size only to the British Library...
(Canon. Gr. 110), at Oxford
Oxford
The city of Oxford is the county town of Oxfordshire, England. The city, made prominent by its medieval university, has a population of just under 165,000, with 153,900 living within the district boundary. It lies about 50 miles north-west of London. The rivers Cherwell and Thames run through...
.
See also
- List of New Testament minuscules
- Biblical manuscriptBiblical manuscriptA biblical manuscript is any handwritten copy of a portion of the text of the Bible. The word Bible comes from the Greek biblia ; manuscript comes from Latin manu and scriptum...
- Textual criticismTextual criticismTextual criticism is a branch of literary criticism that is concerned with the identification and removal of transcription errors in the texts of manuscripts...