Maynard A. Joslyn
Encyclopedia
Maynard Alexander Joslyn (July 7, 1904 - November 28, 1984) was a Russia
n-born, American
food scientist
who involved in the rebirth of the American wine
industry in California
following the repeal of Prohibition
in 1933. Joslyn was also involved in the development of analytical chemistry
as it applied to food
, leading to the advancement of food chemistry
as a scientific discipline.
. Soon after his birth, his family emigrated
to the United States
and would settle in Michigan
.
where he earned a B.S.
in 1926 and a M.S.
in 1928. From 1928 to 1931, Joslyn worked in the food industry before returning to Berkeley as an instructor in the "Division of Fruit Products," then an administrative unit in the College of Agriculture. The unit would later be renamed the Department of Food Science and Technology. Joslyn would earn his Doctor of Philosophy
in Chemistry
in 1935.
and their microbial
changes after processing. Joslyn published one of the first books dealing with analytical food chemistry entitled Methods in Food Analysis in 1950 with a second edition coming out in 1970. Joslyn also served as co-editor (with J.L. Held) of a three volume series entitled Food Processing in 1963 and 1964.
Joslyn would also lead the research to rebirth the California wine industry following the end of Prohibition in
1933. This included quality isses with wine, including alcoholic content, and content of unfavorable items in alcohol (acidity, sulfur dioxide
, and turbidity
). These studies would continue until his retirement from the Department of Nutritional Sciences at Berkeley in 1972 The food science department would move to the University of California, Davis
in 1951.
Joslyn also wrote numerous books on fruit and vegetable juices and non-alcoholic beverages as well as food preservation
by freezing and dehydration. All told he wrote or co-wrote nearly 400 articles in his career.
(IFT) when it was founded in 1939, Joslyn served as its President in 1965-66. He was also active in IFT's Northern California Section, serving as its chair in 1957-58. Joslyn won three of IFT highest awards during his career: The IFT International Award
in 1961, the Babcock-Hart Award
in 1963, and the Nicholas Appert Award
in 1966. Joslyn also was elected an IFT Fellow in 1972.
, Joslyn served in the United States Army Quartermaster Corps in Australia
, New Zealand
, and China
, being discharged as a lieutenant-colonel
. For his military service, he earned the Legion of Merit
, the Bronze Star
, and a special order of Yun Hui with Ribbon from the National Government of the Republic of China
.
for his books of Table Wines: The Technology of Their Production in California (1951, 1970) and Dessert, Appetizer, and Related Flavored Wines: The Technology of Their Production. (1964). He also earned the Merit Award from the American Society for Enology and Viticulture
in 1971.
hospital in Yountville, California
on November 28, 1984. He was survived by his wife Golda, a physician
of Berkeley, California
.
Russia
Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
n-born, American
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
food scientist
Food science
Food science is a study concerned with all technical aspects of foods, beginning with harvesting or slaughtering, and ending with its cooking and consumption, an ideology commonly referred to as "from field to fork"...
who involved in the rebirth of the American wine
Wine
Wine is an alcoholic beverage, made of fermented fruit juice, usually from grapes. The natural chemical balance of grapes lets them ferment without the addition of sugars, acids, enzymes, or other nutrients. Grape wine is produced by fermenting crushed grapes using various types of yeast. Yeast...
industry in California
California
California is a state located on the West Coast of the United States. It is by far the most populous U.S. state, and the third-largest by land area...
following the repeal of Prohibition
Prohibition
Prohibition of alcohol, often referred to simply as prohibition, is the practice of prohibiting the manufacture, transportation, import, export, sale, and consumption of alcohol and alcoholic beverages. The term can also apply to the periods in the histories of the countries during which the...
in 1933. Joslyn was also involved in the development of analytical chemistry
Analytical chemistry
Analytical chemistry is the study of the separation, identification, and quantification of the chemical components of natural and artificial materials. Qualitative analysis gives an indication of the identity of the chemical species in the sample and quantitative analysis determines the amount of...
as it applied to food
Food
Food is any substance consumed to provide nutritional support for the body. It is usually of plant or animal origin, and contains essential nutrients, such as carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, or minerals...
, leading to the advancement of food chemistry
Food chemistry
Food chemistry is the study of chemical processes and interactions of all biological and non-biological components of foods. The biological substances include such items as meat, poultry, lettuce, beer, and milk as examples...
as a scientific discipline.
Early life
Joslyn was born in Alexandrovsk, RussiaAlexandrovsk, Russia
Alexandrovsk is a town in Perm Krai, Russia, situated northeast of Perm on the Lytva River . Population: It was founded in 1805. It was granted urban-type settlement status in 1929 and town status in 1951....
. Soon after his birth, his family emigrated
Emigration
Emigration is the act of leaving one's country or region to settle in another. It is the same as immigration but from the perspective of the country of origin. Human movement before the establishment of political boundaries or within one state is termed migration. There are many reasons why people...
to the United States
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
and would settle in Michigan
Michigan
Michigan is a U.S. state located in the Great Lakes Region of the United States of America. The name Michigan is the French form of the Ojibwa word mishigamaa, meaning "large water" or "large lake"....
.
College life at Berkeley
After graduating high school in Michigan, Joslyn enrolled at the University of California, BerkeleyUniversity of California, Berkeley
The University of California, Berkeley , is a teaching and research university established in 1868 and located in Berkeley, California, USA...
where he earned a B.S.
Bachelor of Science
A Bachelor of Science is an undergraduate academic degree awarded for completed courses that generally last three to five years .-Australia:In Australia, the BSc is a 3 year degree, offered from 1st year on...
in 1926 and a M.S.
Master of Science
A Master of Science is a postgraduate academic master's degree awarded by universities in many countries. The degree is typically studied for in the sciences including the social sciences.-Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay:...
in 1928. From 1928 to 1931, Joslyn worked in the food industry before returning to Berkeley as an instructor in the "Division of Fruit Products," then an administrative unit in the College of Agriculture. The unit would later be renamed the Department of Food Science and Technology. Joslyn would earn his Doctor of Philosophy
Doctor of Philosophy
Doctor of Philosophy, abbreviated as Ph.D., PhD, D.Phil., or DPhil , in English-speaking countries, is a postgraduate academic degree awarded by universities...
in Chemistry
Chemistry
Chemistry is the science of matter, especially its chemical reactions, but also its composition, structure and properties. Chemistry is concerned with atoms and their interactions with other atoms, and particularly with the properties of chemical bonds....
in 1935.
Research at Berkeley
Joslyn's research at Berkeley began when he was a graduate student under William V. Cruess in 1926 when their research showed that fruits and vegetables can be preserved by freezing. It would continue to where his research would show the enzymatic changes of foods during food processingFood processing
Food processing is the set of methods and techniques used to transform raw ingredients into food or to transform food into other forms for consumption by humans or animals either in the home or by the food processing industry...
and their microbial
Microbiology
Microbiology is the study of microorganisms, which are defined as any microscopic organism that comprises either a single cell , cell clusters or no cell at all . This includes eukaryotes, such as fungi and protists, and prokaryotes...
changes after processing. Joslyn published one of the first books dealing with analytical food chemistry entitled Methods in Food Analysis in 1950 with a second edition coming out in 1970. Joslyn also served as co-editor (with J.L. Held) of a three volume series entitled Food Processing in 1963 and 1964.
Joslyn would also lead the research to rebirth the California wine industry following the end of Prohibition in
1933. This included quality isses with wine, including alcoholic content, and content of unfavorable items in alcohol (acidity, sulfur dioxide
Sulfur dioxide
Sulfur dioxide is the chemical compound with the formula . It is released by volcanoes and in various industrial processes. Since coal and petroleum often contain sulfur compounds, their combustion generates sulfur dioxide unless the sulfur compounds are removed before burning the fuel...
, and turbidity
Turbidity
Turbidity is the cloudiness or haziness of a fluid caused by individual particles that are generally invisible to the naked eye, similar to smoke in air. The measurement of turbidity is a key test of water quality....
). These studies would continue until his retirement from the Department of Nutritional Sciences at Berkeley in 1972 The food science department would move to the University of California, Davis
University of California, Davis
The University of California, Davis is a public teaching and research university established in 1905 and located in Davis, California, USA. Spanning over , the campus is the largest within the University of California system and third largest by enrollment...
in 1951.
Joslyn also wrote numerous books on fruit and vegetable juices and non-alcoholic beverages as well as food preservation
Food preservation
Food preservation is the process of treating and handling food to stop or slow down spoilage and thus allow for longer storage....
by freezing and dehydration. All told he wrote or co-wrote nearly 400 articles in his career.
Involvement with the Institute of Food Technologists
A charter member of the Institute of Food TechnologistsInstitute of Food Technologists
The Institute of Food Technologists or IFT is an international, non-profit professional organization for the advancement of food science and technology. It is the largest of food science organizations in the world, encompassing 22,000 members worldwide as of 2006. It is referred to as "THE Society...
(IFT) when it was founded in 1939, Joslyn served as its President in 1965-66. He was also active in IFT's Northern California Section, serving as its chair in 1957-58. Joslyn won three of IFT highest awards during his career: The IFT International Award
Bor S. Luh International Award
The Bor S. Luh International Award has been awarded every year since 1956. Before 2005, this award was named the International Award. It is given to an individual or institution that had outstanding efforts in one of the following areas in food technology: 1) International exchange of ideas, 2)...
in 1961, the Babcock-Hart Award
Babcock-Hart Award
The Babcock-Hart Award has been awarded since 1948 by the Institute of Food Technologists. It is given for significant contributions in food technology that resulted in public health through some aspects of nutrition. It was first named the Stephan M. Babcock Award after the agricultural chemist...
in 1963, and the Nicholas Appert Award
Nicholas Appert Award
The Nicholas Appert Award has been awarded every year since 1942 by the Chicago Section of the Institute of Food Technologists. Given for lifetime and consistent achievement in food technology, it is named after Nicolas Appert, the French inventor of airtight food preservation. Award winners...
in 1966. Joslyn also was elected an IFT Fellow in 1972.
Military service
During World War IIWorld War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
, Joslyn served in the United States Army Quartermaster Corps in Australia
Australia
Australia , officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country in the Southern Hemisphere comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. It is the world's sixth-largest country by total area...
, New Zealand
New Zealand
New Zealand is an island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses and numerous smaller islands. The country is situated some east of Australia across the Tasman Sea, and roughly south of the Pacific island nations of New Caledonia, Fiji, and Tonga...
, and China
China
Chinese civilization may refer to:* China for more general discussion of the country.* Chinese culture* Greater China, the transnational community of ethnic Chinese.* History of China* Sinosphere, the area historically affected by Chinese culture...
, being discharged as a lieutenant-colonel
Lieutenant Colonel (United States)
In the United States Army, United States Air Force, and United States Marine Corps, a lieutenant colonel is a field grade military officer rank just above the rank of major and just below the rank of colonel. It is equivalent to the naval rank of commander in the other uniformed services.The pay...
. For his military service, he earned the Legion of Merit
Legion of Merit
The Legion of Merit is a military decoration of the United States armed forces that is awarded for exceptionally meritorious conduct in the performance of outstanding services and achievements...
, the Bronze Star
Bronze Star Medal
The Bronze Star Medal is a United States Armed Forces individual military decoration that may be awarded for bravery, acts of merit, or meritorious service. As a medal it is awarded for merit, and with the "V" for valor device it is awarded for heroism. It is the fourth-highest combat award of the...
, and a special order of Yun Hui with Ribbon from the National Government of the Republic of China
Republic of China
The Republic of China , commonly known as Taiwan , is a unitary sovereign state located in East Asia. Originally based in mainland China, the Republic of China currently governs the island of Taiwan , which forms over 99% of its current territory, as well as Penghu, Kinmen, Matsu and other minor...
.
Other awards
Joslyn won two Diplome d'Honneur (honor diploma) from the French Office International de la Vigne et du Vin (International French Wine and Vineyard Office) in ParisParis
Paris is the capital and largest city in France, situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the Île-de-France region...
for his books of Table Wines: The Technology of Their Production in California (1951, 1970) and Dessert, Appetizer, and Related Flavored Wines: The Technology of Their Production. (1964). He also earned the Merit Award from the American Society for Enology and Viticulture
American Society for Enology and Viticulture
The American Society for Enology and Viticulture, founded in 1950, is a non-profit, scientific organization dedicated to promoting the interests of enologists, viticulturists, and others in the fields of wine and grape research and production throughout the world. Its membership of 2,400 includes...
in 1971.
Death
Joslyn died at a Veterans AdministrationUnited States Department of Veterans Affairs
The United States Department of Veterans Affairs is a government-run military veteran benefit system with Cabinet-level status. It is the United States government’s second largest department, after the United States Department of Defense...
hospital in Yountville, California
Yountville, California
Yountville is an incorporated town in Napa County, California, United States. It is in the North Bay portion of the San Francisco Bay Area. The population was 2,933 at the 2010 census. Almost one third of the town's population lives on the grounds of the Veterans Home of California.The town's name...
on November 28, 1984. He was survived by his wife Golda, a physician
Physician
A physician is a health care provider who practices the profession of medicine, which is concerned with promoting, maintaining or restoring human health through the study, diagnosis, and treatment of disease, injury and other physical and mental impairments...
of Berkeley, California
Berkeley, California
Berkeley is a city on the east shore of the San Francisco Bay in Northern California, United States. Its neighbors to the south are the cities of Oakland and Emeryville. To the north is the city of Albany and the unincorporated community of Kensington...
.