Massey College
Encyclopedia
Massey College is a postgraduate residential
college
at the University of Toronto
, established in 1963 with an endowment by the Massey Foundation
. Similar to All Souls College, Oxford
, members of Massey College are nominated from the university community, and are elected by and as fellows of the college. The president of the University of Toronto and the dean of graduate studies are ex officio members of the elected governing corporation, headed by the master of the college.
The college is well-connected with prominent figures of the national establishment, and is the sponsor and host of the annual Massey Lectures
. It hosted the Man Booker International Prize
of 2007.
Massey College was conceived by Vincent Massey
, the 18th Governor General of Canada
who attended University College
as an undergraduate. Of the establishment of a new graduate college, Massey wrote, "It is of great importance that it should, in its form, reflect the life which will go on inside it and should possess certain qualities—dignity, grace, beauty, and warmth." The Massey Foundation
, for which Vincent Massey served as a trustee, provided the financial endowment
.
Opened in 1963, the college was designed by Canadian architect Ron Thom, who subsequently designed the master plan for Trent University
. Alan Beddoe
designed the Massey College coats of arms.
The founding Master of Massey College (1963–1981) was the celebrated Canadian journalist and author Robertson Davies
, CC. Professor J. N. Patterson Hume, CM, was the second Master (1981–1988) and Professor Ann Saddlemyer, OC, the third (1988–1995). The fourth and current Master (1995– ) is the distinguished journalist John Fraser
, CM.
Massey is home to an ecumenical
worship space, St. Catherine's Chapel, the interior of which was originally designed by stage designer Tanya Moiseiwitsch
. The Chapel features an 18th-century Russian iconostasis
and a baroque-style pipe organ. The chapel was extensively redesigned in 2006 by the College architects, Brigitte Shim and Howard Sutcliffe and rededicated in June 2007.
During the 2006-2007 academic year, the College hosted the King and Queen of Sweden, held a special tribute in honour of its Founding Master, Robertson Davies, and was the host of the Man Booker International Prize
in April 2007.
Journalism Fellows are distinguished Canadian and international journalists in mid-career who are selected annually by a special committee that includes the president of the University of Toronto, the master of Massey College, and other members appointed by them. Journalism Fellows stay at the college for one academic year from September to May. The college participates in the Canadian Journalism Fellowship Program (formerly known as the Southam Fellowship) and the Scholar-at-Risk program for international scholars caught in sectarian, political or religious intolerance. Additionally, the college hosts a writer-in-residence chosen each year by the college and the University of Toronto's department of English.
Senior Fellows are elected from members of the University of Toronto faculty and other individuals who represent the academic and professional interests of the university. Senior fellows can serve as members of the governing corporation. The college also hosts visiting academics, generally on sabbatical leave, who are given the title of Senior Residents. In addition, the chancellors of the University of Cambridge
and the University of Oxford
(currently Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh
and Lord Patten of Barnes) both serve as Distinguished Honorary Fellows. After long and meritorious service to the college, Senior Fellows may be elected as Continuing Senior Fellows, which are lifetime appointments.
As of 2010, notable Senior Fellows of the college include John Polanyi, Ursula Franklin
, Mikhail Baryshnikov
, Margaret Atwood
, Sir Christopher Ondaatje
, James Orbinski
, Michael Valpy
, Janice Stein
, Michael Bliss
, Anthony Pawson
, Justice Rosalie Abella
and Bob Rae
.
charities directorate as The Master and Fellows of Massey College. The governing body of Massey College is its corporation, composed of 26 Senior Fellows and chaired by the master of the college, with the president of the University of Toronto and the dean of graduate studies both serving as ex-officio members. Additionally, three other ex-officio members are nominated to the governing corporation by the Massey Foundation
. Massey College relies on income derived from its own endowments and endowments held for its purposes by the University of Toronto, supplemented by other income from its catering facilities and summer rental programs.
The Visitor
is the ceremonial and constitutional head of the college. Officers of the college, who report to the master, include the bursar, the registrar, the administrator and the librarian. Junior Fellows and Senior Fellows are elected to their positions by the corporation at one of its semi-annual meetings. The Quadrangle Society consists of individuals who are not fellows of the college, and serves as a bridge between Massey College and the non-academic community.
Massey College is one of three exclusively graduate residential colleges in Canada, along with Green College
and St. John's College
of the University of British Columbia
; Massey College is the only one of the three that is self-governing.
During the academic year 2010/2011, the members of corporation are as follows:
Massey College sponsors the annual Massey Lectures
as well as the Walter Gordon Symposium on Public Policy. In conjunction with the University of Toronto's School of Graduate Studies, Massey fellows organise an annual symposium of interest to the broader community. There is an annual newsletter to all its constituent members: Senior and Junior Fellows, alumni (which include former Senior Residents like Preston Manning
), and members of its Quadrangle Society (non-academic community members). Since 2009 Massey College has been home to the Health Strategy Innovation Cell, run by Massey College Senior Resident Neil Seeman. The Innovation Cell is dedicated to creating new business models for the delivery of healthcare using Internet technologies.
Massey Grand Rounds is a monthly dinner or breakfast meeting of medical and health related disciplines. Meals are arranged by Dr Aubie Angel and bring in a variety different mentors to speak with the students. The meetings are also used to plan an annual Medical Grand Rounds Symposium on a topic of interest to the community.
The college has a strong connection to the Canadian establishments and Canadian journalism. The college also strives to preserve an Oxbridge
-type atmosphere by mandating the wearing of gowns at dinner, and incorporating regular High Tables — complete with after-dinner snuff — into its schedule; and balances this with very active outreach programs . The mandated goal of the college is to demonstrate through its corporate life the interconnectness between all learning.
Residential college
A residential college is an organisational pattern for a division of a university that places academic activity in a community setting of students and faculty, usually at a residence and with shared meals, the college having a degree of autonomy and a federated relationship with the overall...
college
Collegiate university
A collegiate university is a university in which governing authority and functions are divided between a central administration and a number of constituent colleges...
at the University of Toronto
University of Toronto
The University of Toronto is a public research university in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, situated on the grounds that surround Queen's Park. It was founded by royal charter in 1827 as King's College, the first institution of higher learning in Upper Canada...
, established in 1963 with an endowment by the Massey Foundation
Massey Foundation
The Massey Foundation was incorporated in 1918. It is responsible for the construction of many Toronto landmarks. It was the first trust of its kind in Canada.-History:...
. Similar to All Souls College, Oxford
All Souls College, Oxford
The Warden and the College of the Souls of all Faithful People deceased in the University of Oxford or All Souls College is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in England....
, members of Massey College are nominated from the university community, and are elected by and as fellows of the college. The president of the University of Toronto and the dean of graduate studies are ex officio members of the elected governing corporation, headed by the master of the college.
The college is well-connected with prominent figures of the national establishment, and is the sponsor and host of the annual Massey Lectures
Massey Lectures
The Massey Lectures are an annual week-long series of lectures on a political, cultural or philosophical topic given in Canada by a noted scholar. They were created in 1961 to honour Vincent Massey, Governor General of Canada...
. It hosted the Man Booker International Prize
Man Booker International Prize
The Man Booker International Prize is a biennial international literary award given to a living author of any nationality for a body of work published in English or generally available in English translation....
of 2007.
History
Vincent Massey
Charles Vincent Massey was a Canadian lawyer and diplomat who served as Governor General of Canada, the 18th since Canadian Confederation....
, the 18th Governor General of Canada
Governor General of Canada
The Governor General of Canada is the federal viceregal representative of the Canadian monarch, Queen Elizabeth II...
who attended University College
University College, University of Toronto
University College is a constituent college of the University of Toronto, created in 1853 specifically as an institution of higher learning free of religious affiliation. It was the founding member of the university's modern collegiate system, and its secularism contrasted with contemporary...
as an undergraduate. Of the establishment of a new graduate college, Massey wrote, "It is of great importance that it should, in its form, reflect the life which will go on inside it and should possess certain qualities—dignity, grace, beauty, and warmth." The Massey Foundation
Massey Foundation
The Massey Foundation was incorporated in 1918. It is responsible for the construction of many Toronto landmarks. It was the first trust of its kind in Canada.-History:...
, for which Vincent Massey served as a trustee, provided the financial endowment
Financial endowment
A financial endowment is a transfer of money or property donated to an institution. The total value of an institution's investments is often referred to as the institution's endowment and is typically organized as a public charity, private foundation, or trust....
.
Opened in 1963, the college was designed by Canadian architect Ron Thom, who subsequently designed the master plan for Trent University
Trent University
Trent University is a liberal arts and science-oriented institution located along the Otonabee River in Peterborough, Ontario, Canada.The enabling legislation is the Trent University Act, 1962-63. The University was founded through the efforts of a citizens' committee interested in creating a...
. Alan Beddoe
Alan Beddoe
Lieutenant-Commander Alan Brookman Beddoe, OC, OBE, HFHS, FHSC was a Canadian artist, war artist, consultant in heraldry and founder and first president of the Heraldry Society of Canada in 1965....
designed the Massey College coats of arms.
The founding Master of Massey College (1963–1981) was the celebrated Canadian journalist and author Robertson Davies
Robertson Davies
William Robertson Davies, CC, OOnt, FRSC, FRSL was a Canadian novelist, playwright, critic, journalist, and professor. He was one of Canada's best-known and most popular authors, and one of its most distinguished "men of letters", a term Davies is variously said to have gladly accepted for himself...
, CC. Professor J. N. Patterson Hume, CM, was the second Master (1981–1988) and Professor Ann Saddlemyer, OC, the third (1988–1995). The fourth and current Master (1995– ) is the distinguished journalist John Fraser
John Fraser (journalist)
John Anderson Fraser, CM , is a Canadian journalist, author and academic who has served as Master of Massey College of the University of Toronto since 1995. As a journalist, Fraser has received multiple national awards and chaired the Canadian Journalism Foundation until 2008. He teaches a course...
, CM.
Massey is home to an ecumenical
Ecumenism
Ecumenism or oecumenism mainly refers to initiatives aimed at greater Christian unity or cooperation. It is used predominantly by and with reference to Christian denominations and Christian Churches separated by doctrine, history, and practice...
worship space, St. Catherine's Chapel, the interior of which was originally designed by stage designer Tanya Moiseiwitsch
Tanya Moiseiwitsch
Tanya Moiseiwitsch, OC was an English theatre designer.Born in London, the daughter of Daisy Kennedy, an Australian concert violinist and Benno Moiseiwitsch, a famous Ukrainian classical pianist, she attended the Central School of Arts and Crafts...
. The Chapel features an 18th-century Russian iconostasis
Iconostasis
In Eastern Christianity an iconostasis is a wall of icons and religious paintings, separating the nave from the sanctuary in a church. Iconostasis also refers to a portable icon stand that can be placed anywhere within a church...
and a baroque-style pipe organ. The chapel was extensively redesigned in 2006 by the College architects, Brigitte Shim and Howard Sutcliffe and rededicated in June 2007.
During the 2006-2007 academic year, the College hosted the King and Queen of Sweden, held a special tribute in honour of its Founding Master, Robertson Davies, and was the host of the Man Booker International Prize
Man Booker International Prize
The Man Booker International Prize is a biennial international literary award given to a living author of any nationality for a body of work published in English or generally available in English translation....
in April 2007.
Fellowships
Junior Fellows are postgraduate students of the University of Toronto, either in the study of art and sciences subjects or a professional discipline such as law or medicine. Resident Junior Fellows generally live in the college for up to three years before becoming non-resident Junior Fellows for another two years. Typically, about sixty Junior Fellows are resident and another sixty are non-resident. Each year, new prospective Junior Fellows apply to the college to be elected by the governing corporation.Journalism Fellows are distinguished Canadian and international journalists in mid-career who are selected annually by a special committee that includes the president of the University of Toronto, the master of Massey College, and other members appointed by them. Journalism Fellows stay at the college for one academic year from September to May. The college participates in the Canadian Journalism Fellowship Program (formerly known as the Southam Fellowship) and the Scholar-at-Risk program for international scholars caught in sectarian, political or religious intolerance. Additionally, the college hosts a writer-in-residence chosen each year by the college and the University of Toronto's department of English.
Senior Fellows are elected from members of the University of Toronto faculty and other individuals who represent the academic and professional interests of the university. Senior fellows can serve as members of the governing corporation. The college also hosts visiting academics, generally on sabbatical leave, who are given the title of Senior Residents. In addition, the chancellors of the University of Cambridge
University of Cambridge
The University of Cambridge is a public research university located in Cambridge, United Kingdom. It is the second-oldest university in both the United Kingdom and the English-speaking world , and the seventh-oldest globally...
and the University of Oxford
University of Oxford
The University of Oxford is a university located in Oxford, United Kingdom. It is the second-oldest surviving university in the world and the oldest in the English-speaking world. Although its exact date of foundation is unclear, there is evidence of teaching as far back as 1096...
(currently Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh
Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh
Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh is the husband of Elizabeth II. He is the United Kingdom's longest-serving consort and the oldest serving spouse of a reigning British monarch....
and Lord Patten of Barnes) both serve as Distinguished Honorary Fellows. After long and meritorious service to the college, Senior Fellows may be elected as Continuing Senior Fellows, which are lifetime appointments.
As of 2010, notable Senior Fellows of the college include John Polanyi, Ursula Franklin
Ursula Franklin
Ursula Martius Franklin, , is a Canadian metallurgist, research physicist, author and educator who has taught at the University of Toronto for more than 40 years...
, Mikhail Baryshnikov
Mikhail Baryshnikov
Mikhail Nikolaevich Baryshnikov is a Soviet and American dancer, choreographer, and actor, often cited alongside Vaslav Nijinsky and Rudolf Nureyev as one of the greatest ballet dancers of the 20th century. After a promising start in the Kirov Ballet in Leningrad, he defected to Canada in 1974...
, Margaret Atwood
Margaret Atwood
Margaret Eleanor Atwood, is a Canadian poet, novelist, literary critic, essayist, and environmental activist. She is among the most-honoured authors of fiction in recent history; she is a winner of the Arthur C...
, Sir Christopher Ondaatje
Christopher Ondaatje
Sir Philip Christopher Ondaatje, OC, CBE is a Sri Lankan-Canadian businessman, philanthropist, adventurer, writer and Olympian. He lives in the United Kingdom.-Overview:...
, James Orbinski
James Orbinski
James Jude Orbinski, OC, OOnt, MSC is a Canadian physician, writer, and humanitarian activist. He is an associate professor of Medicine at the University of Toronto and a Fellow at the Munk School of Global Affairs. In January 2011, he also assumed the Chair of Global Health at the Dalla Lana...
, Michael Valpy
Michael Valpy
Michael Granville Valpy is an award-winning Canadian journalist and author. He writes for the Globe and Mail newspaper where he made his reputation on both political and human interest stories...
, Janice Stein
Janice Stein
Janice Gross Stein, O.Ont, CM, FRSC is a Canadian political scientist and international relations expert.-Career:Stein holds degrees from McGill University , and Yale University...
, Michael Bliss
Michael Bliss
John William Michael Bliss, CM, FRSC is a Canadian historian and award-winning author. Though his early works focused on business and political history, he has written several important medical biographies, including of Sir William Osler...
, Anthony Pawson
Anthony Pawson
Anthony 'Tony' James Pawson, OC, OOnt, CH, FRS, FRSC , British-born Canadian scientist whose research has revolutionized the understanding of signal transduction, the molecular mechanisms by which cells respond to external cues, and how they communicate with each other...
, Justice Rosalie Abella
Rosalie Abella
Rosalie Silberman Abella, is a Canadian jurist. She was appointed in 2004 to the Supreme Court of Canada, becoming the first Jewish woman to sit on the Canadian Supreme Court bench.- Early life :...
and Bob Rae
Bob Rae
Robert Keith "Bob" Rae, PC, OC, OOnt, QC, MP is a Canadian politician. He is the Member of Parliament for Toronto Centre and interim leader of the Liberal Party of Canada....
.
Governance
Massey College operates as a charity that is legally registered with the Canada Revenue AgencyCanada Revenue Agency
The Canada Revenue Agency is a federal agency that administers tax laws for the Government of Canada and for most provinces and territories, international trade legislation, and various social and economic benefit and incentive programs delivered through the tax system...
charities directorate as The Master and Fellows of Massey College. The governing body of Massey College is its corporation, composed of 26 Senior Fellows and chaired by the master of the college, with the president of the University of Toronto and the dean of graduate studies both serving as ex-officio members. Additionally, three other ex-officio members are nominated to the governing corporation by the Massey Foundation
Massey Foundation
The Massey Foundation was incorporated in 1918. It is responsible for the construction of many Toronto landmarks. It was the first trust of its kind in Canada.-History:...
. Massey College relies on income derived from its own endowments and endowments held for its purposes by the University of Toronto, supplemented by other income from its catering facilities and summer rental programs.
The Visitor
Visitor
A Visitor, in United Kingdom law and history, is an overseer of an autonomous ecclesiastical or eleemosynary institution , who can intervene in the internal affairs of that institution...
is the ceremonial and constitutional head of the college. Officers of the college, who report to the master, include the bursar, the registrar, the administrator and the librarian. Junior Fellows and Senior Fellows are elected to their positions by the corporation at one of its semi-annual meetings. The Quadrangle Society consists of individuals who are not fellows of the college, and serves as a bridge between Massey College and the non-academic community.
Massey College is one of three exclusively graduate residential colleges in Canada, along with Green College
Green College, University of British Columbia
Green College is a centre for interdisciplinary scholarship and a community of scholars at the University of British Columbia founded by Cecil Howard Green and Ida Green....
and St. John's College
St. John's College, University of British Columbia
St. John's College is one of two residential colleges at the University of British Columbia, the other being Green College. It provides a community for graduate students and postdoctoral researchers, with an international focus....
of the University of British Columbia
University of British Columbia
The University of British Columbia is a public research university. UBC’s two main campuses are situated in Vancouver and in Kelowna in the Okanagan Valley...
; Massey College is the only one of the three that is self-governing.
During the academic year 2010/2011, the members of corporation are as follows:
- Professor Sylvia Bashevkin, Department of Political Science, Principal of University College, University of TorontoUniversity College, University of TorontoUniversity College is a constituent college of the University of Toronto, created in 1853 specifically as an institution of higher learning free of religious affiliation. It was the founding member of the university's modern collegiate system, and its secularism contrasted with contemporary...
- Professor Brian Corman, Dean, School of Graduate Studies, University of Toronto
- Dr. John Dirks, President, Gairdner FoundationGairdner FoundationThe Gairdner Foundation was created in 1957 by James Arthur Gairdner to recognize and reward the achievements of medical researchers whose work contributes significantly to improving the quality of human life. Since the first awards were made in 1959, the Gairdner Awards have become Canada's...
- Professor Wendy Dobson, Director Institute for International Business, Joseph L. Rotman School of ManagementRotman School of ManagementThe Joseph L. Rotman School of Management commonly known as Rotman School of Management is the University of Toronto's business school, located in St. George Street in Downtown Toronto. The school, named after Joseph L...
, University of Toronto - Dr. Colleen Flood, Faculty of Law, University of Toronto
- Mr. John FraserJohn Fraser (journalist)John Anderson Fraser, CM , is a Canadian journalist, author and academic who has served as Master of Massey College of the University of Toronto since 1995. As a journalist, Fraser has received multiple national awards and chaired the Canadian Journalism Foundation until 2008. He teaches a course...
, Master and Chair of Corporation, Chair Canadian Journalism FoundationCanadian Journalism FoundationFounded in 1990, the Canadian Journalism Foundation is a non-profit organization dedicated to the pursuit of excellence in Canadian journalism by recognizing outstanding journalistic achievement and by promoting dialogue between media, business, government and academe.The Foundation's awards... - Dr. Jane Freeman, Office of English Language & Writing Support, University of Toronto
- Ms Margaret Hancock, former warden of Hart House
- Professor Elizabeth Harvey, Department of English, University of Toronto
- The Honourable Henry N. R. JackmanHenry N. R. JackmanHenry Newton Rowell "Hal" Jackman, OC, O.Ont, CD , served as the 25th Lieutenant Governor of Ontario from 1991 to 1997....
, Visitor - Professor Heather Jackson, Department of English, University of Toronto
- Dr. Katherine Lochnan, R. Fraser Elliott Curator of Prints & Drawings, Art Gallery of OntarioArt Gallery of OntarioUnder the direction of its CEO Matthew Teitelbaum, the AGO embarked on a $254 million redevelopment plan by architect Frank Gehry in 2004, called Transformation AGO. The new addition would require demolition of the 1992 Post-Modernist wing by Barton Myers and Kuwabara Payne McKenna Blumberg...
- Professor Peter Martin, Chair of the Department of Astronomy, University of Toronto
- Professor Elsa Marziali, Department of Social Work, University of Toronto
- Mr. John Massey, Artist, Massey FoundationMassey FoundationThe Massey Foundation was incorporated in 1918. It is responsible for the construction of many Toronto landmarks. It was the first trust of its kind in Canada.-History:...
- Mr. Raymond MasseyRaymond MasseyRaymond Hart Massey was a Canadian/American actor.-Early life:Massey was born in Toronto, Ontario, the son of Anna , who was born in Illinois, and Chester Daniel Massey, the wealthy owner of the Massey-Ferguson Tractor Company. Massey's family could trace their ancestry back to the American...
, Film producer. Massey FoundationMassey FoundationThe Massey Foundation was incorporated in 1918. It is responsible for the construction of many Toronto landmarks. It was the first trust of its kind in Canada.-History:... - Dr. David NaylorDavid NaylorChristopher David Naylor, OC, FRCPC, FRSC is a medical researcher and president of the University of Toronto.-Biography:...
, President of the University of Toronto - Dr. James OrbinskiJames OrbinskiJames Jude Orbinski, OC, OOnt, MSC is a Canadian physician, writer, and humanitarian activist. He is an associate professor of Medicine at the University of Toronto and a Fellow at the Munk School of Global Affairs. In January 2011, he also assumed the Chair of Global Health at the Dalla Lana...
, Research Scientist, St. Michael's Hospital and Associate Professor of Medicine, University of Toronto - Professor Mary Ann Parker, Department of Music, University of Toronto
- The Honourable Bob RaeBob RaeRobert Keith "Bob" Rae, PC, OC, OOnt, QC, MP is a Canadian politician. He is the Member of Parliament for Toronto Centre and interim leader of the Liberal Party of Canada....
Q.C. of GoodmansGoodmansFor the Canadian law firm, see Goodmans LLPGoodmans is a British consumer electronics company which is part of Harvard International plc.... - Professor Sara Shettleworth, Departments of Psychology and Zoology, University of Toronto
- Mr. Peter Tovell, architect, Massey FoundationMassey FoundationThe Massey Foundation was incorporated in 1918. It is responsible for the construction of many Toronto landmarks. It was the first trust of its kind in Canada.-History:...
- Professor Charles Ward, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Toronto
- Mr. Ian Webb, investment analyst
- Mr. Richard Winter Q.C., College Solicitor and Arthur ChildArthur ChildArthur James Edward Child, was a Canadian businessman and former chairman and chief executive officer of Burns Foods of Calgary. Arthur James Edward Child and his partner Ron Jackson acquired the food processing and distribution company in a leveraged management buyout in 1986...
Senior Fellow
Activities
Massey Lectures
The Massey Lectures are an annual week-long series of lectures on a political, cultural or philosophical topic given in Canada by a noted scholar. They were created in 1961 to honour Vincent Massey, Governor General of Canada...
as well as the Walter Gordon Symposium on Public Policy. In conjunction with the University of Toronto's School of Graduate Studies, Massey fellows organise an annual symposium of interest to the broader community. There is an annual newsletter to all its constituent members: Senior and Junior Fellows, alumni (which include former Senior Residents like Preston Manning
Preston Manning
Ernest Preston Manning, CC is a Canadian politician. He was the only leader of the Reform Party of Canada, a Canadian federal political party that evolved into the Canadian Alliance...
), and members of its Quadrangle Society (non-academic community members). Since 2009 Massey College has been home to the Health Strategy Innovation Cell, run by Massey College Senior Resident Neil Seeman. The Innovation Cell is dedicated to creating new business models for the delivery of healthcare using Internet technologies.
Massey Grand Rounds is a monthly dinner or breakfast meeting of medical and health related disciplines. Meals are arranged by Dr Aubie Angel and bring in a variety different mentors to speak with the students. The meetings are also used to plan an annual Medical Grand Rounds Symposium on a topic of interest to the community.
The college has a strong connection to the Canadian establishments and Canadian journalism. The college also strives to preserve an Oxbridge
Oxbridge
Oxbridge is a portmanteau of the University of Oxford and the University of Cambridge in England, and the term is now used to refer to them collectively, often with implications of perceived superior social status...
-type atmosphere by mandating the wearing of gowns at dinner, and incorporating regular High Tables — complete with after-dinner snuff — into its schedule; and balances this with very active outreach programs . The mandated goal of the college is to demonstrate through its corporate life the interconnectness between all learning.
Further reading
- Judith Skelton Grant (1994). "Robertson Davies: Man of Myth". Viking.
- Val Ross (2009). Robertson Davies: A Portrait in Mosaic. Random House of Canada.
- John Robert Colombo (1984). Canadian Literary Landmarks, p. 193. Dundurn Press Ltd.