Malakhovka
Encyclopedia
Malakhovka a Moscow suburb
with historic dacha
s, is an urban locality (a work settlement
) in Lyuberetsky District of Moscow Oblast
, Russia
. Population:
Municipally, Malakhovka is incorporated as an urban settlement which, apart from Malakhovka proper, also has jurisdiction over the smaller village of Pekhorka and adjacent territories.
Under the name Malakhovskoye , it was first mentioned in 1328 in Ivan Kalita's will as a place left to Ivan's older son Semyon.
The railway station was built in 1884, and by the next year Malakhovka was recognized as a dacha settlement. By the end of the 19th century, the settlement was inhabited by such renowned representatives of Russian arts and literature as Anton Chekhov
, Maxim Gorky
, Ivan Bunin, and Feodor Chaliapin
. Chaliapin performed in the Summer Theatre before 1914. The actress Faina Ranevskaya
performed there from the following year, and also had a dacha there. At the time of the Revolution Malakhovka was a “hamlet” of about three hundred dachas.
Marc Chagall
taught at a Jewish boys shelter (mainly for refugees from Ukrainian pogrom
s) here in 1921, did the illustrations for David Hofstein
's long poem "Troyer" (Grief) and worked on his mural "Introduction to the Jewish Theater". The refuge was a center for many Yiddish writers including Der Nister
, who lived with Chagall, David Hofstein
, and Itzik Feffer
.
The Soviet writer and USSR State Prize Laureate Nikolay Dobronravov (husband of Aleksandra Pakhmutova
) went to school in Malakhovka during the war. The Olympic and World champion runner Irina Privalova
was born in Malakhovka.
An early (1959) poem by Andrey Voznesensky
is "Last Train to Malakhovka", regarding his regular trips to the settlement. The Malakhovka railway station is located 29 kilometres (18 mi) southeast from Moscow
. The settlement has minor industry, two sanatoriums, a history museum, an Orthodox Church, a Synagogue, and old dachas.
Malakhovka has a local newspaper, Malakhovsky Vestnik .
Suburb
The word suburb mostly refers to a residential area, either existing as part of a city or as a separate residential community within commuting distance of a city . Some suburbs have a degree of administrative autonomy, and most have lower population density than inner city neighborhoods...
with historic dacha
Dacha
Dacha is a Russian word for seasonal or year-round second homes often located in the exurbs of Soviet and post-Soviet cities. Cottages or shacks serving as family's main or only home are not considered dachas, although many purpose-built dachas are recently being converted for year-round residence...
s, is an urban locality (a work settlement
Urban-type settlement
Urban-type settlement ; , selyshche mis'koho typu ) is an official designation for a type of locality used in some of the countries of the former Soviet Union...
) in Lyuberetsky District of Moscow Oblast
Moscow Oblast
Moscow Oblast , or Podmoskovye , is a federal subject of Russia . Its area, at , is relatively small compared to other federal subjects, but it is one of the most densely populated regions in the country and, with the 2010 population of 7,092,941, is the second most populous federal subject...
, Russia
Russia
Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
. Population:
Municipally, Malakhovka is incorporated as an urban settlement which, apart from Malakhovka proper, also has jurisdiction over the smaller village of Pekhorka and adjacent territories.
Under the name Malakhovskoye , it was first mentioned in 1328 in Ivan Kalita's will as a place left to Ivan's older son Semyon.
The railway station was built in 1884, and by the next year Malakhovka was recognized as a dacha settlement. By the end of the 19th century, the settlement was inhabited by such renowned representatives of Russian arts and literature as Anton Chekhov
Anton Chekhov
Anton Pavlovich Chekhov was a Russian physician, dramatist and author who is considered to be among the greatest writers of short stories in history. His career as a dramatist produced four classics and his best short stories are held in high esteem by writers and critics...
, Maxim Gorky
Maxim Gorky
Alexei Maximovich Peshkov , primarily known as Maxim Gorky , was a Russian and Soviet author, a founder of the Socialist Realism literary method and a political activist.-Early years:...
, Ivan Bunin, and Feodor Chaliapin
Feodor Chaliapin
Feodor Ivanovich Chaliapin was a Russian opera singer. The possessor of a large and expressive bass voice, he enjoyed an important international career at major opera houses and is often credited with establishing the tradition of naturalistic acting in his chosen art form.During the first phase...
. Chaliapin performed in the Summer Theatre before 1914. The actress Faina Ranevskaya
Faina Ranevskaya
Faina Georgievna Ranevskaya is recognized as one of the greatest Soviet Russian actors in both tragedy and comedy. She was also famous for her aphorisms....
performed there from the following year, and also had a dacha there. At the time of the Revolution Malakhovka was a “hamlet” of about three hundred dachas.
Marc Chagall
Marc Chagall
Marc Chagall Art critic Robert Hughes referred to Chagall as "the quintessential Jewish artist of the twentieth century."According to art historian Michael J...
taught at a Jewish boys shelter (mainly for refugees from Ukrainian pogrom
Pogrom
A pogrom is a form of violent riot, a mob attack directed against a minority group, and characterized by killings and destruction of their homes and properties, businesses, and religious centres...
s) here in 1921, did the illustrations for David Hofstein
David Hofstein
David Hofstein was a Yiddish poet.He was born in Ukraine, Russian Empire and received a traditional Jewish education; his application to the Kiev University was declined. Hofstein began to write in Yiddish, Hebrew, Russian, and Ukrainian....
's long poem "Troyer" (Grief) and worked on his mural "Introduction to the Jewish Theater". The refuge was a center for many Yiddish writers including Der Nister
Der Nister
thumb|250px|Der Nister sitting behind [[Marc Chagall]] at the [[Malakhovka, Moscow Oblast|Malakhovka]] Jewish boys refuge.Der Nister was the penname of Pinchus Kahanovich , a Yiddish author, philosopher, translator, and critic...
, who lived with Chagall, David Hofstein
David Hofstein
David Hofstein was a Yiddish poet.He was born in Ukraine, Russian Empire and received a traditional Jewish education; his application to the Kiev University was declined. Hofstein began to write in Yiddish, Hebrew, Russian, and Ukrainian....
, and Itzik Feffer
Itzik Feffer
Itzik Feffer , also Fefer was a Soviet Yiddish poet who fell victim to Joseph Stalin's purges.-Background:...
.
The Soviet writer and USSR State Prize Laureate Nikolay Dobronravov (husband of Aleksandra Pakhmutova
Aleksandra Pakhmutova
Aleksandra "Alya" Nikolayevna Pakhmutova has remained one of the best known figures in Soviet and later Russian popular music since she first achieved fame in her homeland in the 1960s....
) went to school in Malakhovka during the war. The Olympic and World champion runner Irina Privalova
Irina Privalova
Irina Anatoljewna Privalova is a Russian athlete.She first competed in the sprint events, winning two Olympic medals in the 100 m and 200 m in 1992 whilst representing the Unified Team. Irina Privalova had been a formidable competitor during most of the 1990s but had not yet won an...
was born in Malakhovka.
An early (1959) poem by Andrey Voznesensky
Andrey Voznesensky
Andrei Andreyevich Voznesensky was a Soviet and Russian poet and writer who had been referred to by Robert Lowell as "one of the greatest living poets in any language." He was one of the "Children of the '60s," a new wave of iconic Russian intellectuals led by the Khrushchev Thaw.Voznesensky was...
is "Last Train to Malakhovka", regarding his regular trips to the settlement. The Malakhovka railway station is located 29 kilometres (18 mi) southeast from Moscow
Moscow
Moscow is the capital, the most populous city, and the most populous federal subject of Russia. The city is a major political, economic, cultural, scientific, religious, financial, educational, and transportation centre of Russia and the continent...
. The settlement has minor industry, two sanatoriums, a history museum, an Orthodox Church, a Synagogue, and old dachas.
Malakhovka has a local newspaper, Malakhovsky Vestnik .
Sources
- Toda, Yasushi and Nozdrina, Nadezhda N. (2008) The Cottages in Suburban Moscow: A New Lifestyle for the Wealthy, Journal of Communist Studies and Transition Politics, 24: 3, 444—455
- Timothy J. Colton (1998) Moscow: Governing the Socialist Metropolis, Harvard University Press, 1998, page 127.