Macaque brain development timeline - AbsoluteAstronomy.com

Species

In biology, a species is one of the basic units of biological classification and a taxonomic rank. A species is often defined as a group of organisms capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring. While in many cases this definition is adequate, more precise or differing measures are...

: Macaca mulatta
Family: Cercopithecidae
Order

Order (biology)

In scientific classification used in biology, the order is# a taxonomic rank used in the classification of organisms. Other well-known ranks are life, domain, kingdom, phylum, class, family, genus, and species, with order fitting in between class and family...

: Primates
Gestation

Gestation

Gestation is the carrying of an embryo or fetus inside a female viviparous animal. Mammals during pregnancy can have one or more gestations at the same time ....

: 165 days

Dates in days

Day	Event	Reference
30	retinal ganglion cell generation - start of neurogenesis Neurogenesis Neurogenesis is the process by which neurons are generated from neural stem and progenitor cells. Most active during pre-natal development, neurogenesis is responsible for populating the growing brain with neurons. Recently neurogenesis was shown to continue in several small parts of the brain of...	Robinson and Dreher (1990)
30	retinal ganglion cell generation - start of neurogenesis	Robinson and Dreher (1990)
30	magnocellular basal forebrain - peak of neurogenesis	Finlay and Darlington (1995)
30	superficial superior collicus (SC) laminae - start of neurogenesis	Robinson and Dreher (1990)
30	raphe complex - peak of neurogenesis	Finlay and Darlington (1995)
32	locus coeruleus - peak of neurogenesis	Finlay and Darlington (1995)
35	posterior commissure Posterior commissure The posterior commissure is a rounded band of white fibers crossing the middle line on the dorsal aspect of the upper end of the cerebral aqueduct. It is important in the bilateral pupillary light reflex.... appears	Ashwell et al. (1996)
35.5	medial forebrain bundle Medial forebrain bundle The Medial forebrain bundle , is a complex bundle of axons coming from the basal olfactory regions, the periamygdaloid region, and the septal nuclei.-Anatomy:... appears	Ashwell et al. (1996)
36	dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus Lateral geniculate nucleus The lateral geniculate nucleus is the primary relay center for visual information received from the retina of the eye. The LGN is found inside the thalamus of the brain.... (dLGN)- start of neurogenesis	Robinson and Dreher (1990)
36	optic axons at chiasm of optic tract Optic chiasm The optic chiasm or optic chiasma is the part of the brain where the optic nerves partially cross...	Dunlop et al. (1997)
38	deep cerebellar nuclei Deep cerebellar nuclei The Cerebellum has four deep cerebellar nuclei embedded in the white matter in its center.-Inputs:These nuclei receive inhibitory inputs from Purkinje cells in the cerebellar cortex and excitatory inputs from mossy fiber and climbing fiber pathways. Most output fibers of the cerebellum originate... - peak of neurogenesis	Finlay and Darlington (1995)
38	amygdala Amygdala The ' are almond-shaped groups of nuclei located deep within the medial temporal lobes of the brain in complex vertebrates, including humans. Shown in research to perform a primary role in the processing and memory of emotional reactions, the amygdalae are considered part of the limbic system.-... - peak of neurogenesis	Finlay and Darlington (1995)
39	Purkinje cells - peak of neurogenesis	Finlay and Darlington (1995)
39	substantia nigra Substantia nigra The substantia nigra is a brain structure located in the mesencephalon that plays an important role in reward, addiction, and movement. Substantia nigra is Latin for "black substance", as parts of the substantia nigra appear darker than neighboring areas due to high levels of melanin in... - peak of neurogenesis	Finlay and Darlington (1995)
39.5	subplate Subplate The transient fetal subplate zone, together with the marginal zone and the cortical plate, represents the developmental anlage of the mammalian cerebral cortex... - start of neurogenesis	Robinson and Dreher (1990)
39.5	subplate -start of neurogenesis	Robinson and Dreher (1990)
40	internal capsule Internal capsule The internal capsule is an area of white matter in the brain that separates the caudate nucleus and the thalamus from the lenticular nucleus. The internal capsule contains both ascending and descending axons.... appears	Ashwell et al. (1996)
40	external capsule External capsule The external capsule is a series of white matter fiber tracts in the brain. These fibers run between the most lateral segment of the lentiform nucleus and the claustrum.... appears	Ashwell et al. (1996)
40	fasciculus retroflexus appears	Ashwell et al. (1996)
40	retinal horizontal cells - peak of neurogenesis	Finlay and Darlington (1995)
41	superior colliculus Superior colliculus The optic tectum or simply tectum is a paired structure that forms a major component of the vertebrate midbrain. In mammals this structure is more commonly called the superior colliculus , but, even in mammals, the adjective tectal is commonly used. The tectum is a layered structure, with a... - peak of neurogenesis	Finlay and Darlington (1995)
43	subplate - peak of neurogenesis	Finlay and Darlington (1995)
43	dLGN -peak of neurogenesis	Finlay and Darlington (1995)
43	dLGN- end of neurogenesis	Robinson and Dreher (1990)
43	retinal ganglion cells - peak of neurogenesis	Finlay and Darlington (1995)
43	inferior colliculus Inferior colliculus The inferior colliculus is the principal midbrain nucleus of the auditory pathway and receives input from several more peripheral brainstem nuclei in the auditory pathway, as well as inputs from the auditory cortex... - peak of neurogenesis	Finlay and Darlington (1995)
45	neurogenesis cortical layer VI - start (VC) of neurogenesis	Robinson and Dreher (1990)
45	septal nuclei Septal nuclei The septal area are structures that lie below the rostrum of corpus callosum in front of lamina terminalis , composed of medium-size neurons grouped into medial, lateral, and posterior groups... - peak of neurogenesis	Finlay and Darlington (1995)
45	caudoputamen Putamen The putamen is a round structure located at the base of the forebrain . The putamen and caudate nucleus together form the dorsal striatum. It is also one of the structures that comprises the basal ganglia. Through various pathways, the putamen is connected to the substantia nigra and globus pallidus... – peak of neurogenesis	Finlay and Darlington (1995)
45	nucleus accumbens Nucleus accumbens The nucleus accumbens , also known as the accumbens nucleus or as the nucleus accumbens septi , is a collection of neurons and forms the main part of the ventral striatum... - peak of neurogenesis	Finlay and Darlington (1995)
48	stria medullaris Stria medullaris The stria medullaris, also known as stria medullaris thalami, is a fiber bundle containing efferent fibers from the septal nuclei, lateral preoptico-hypothalamic region, and anterior thalamic nuclei to the habenula... thalami appears	Ashwell et al. (1996)
48	subplate - end of neurogenesis	Robinson and Dreher (1990)
48	entorhinal cortex Entorhinal cortex The entorhinal cortex is located in the medial temporal lobe and functions as a hub in a widespread network for memory and navigation. The EC is the main interface between the hippocampus and neocortex... - peak of neurogenesis	Finlay and Darlington (1995)
48	subiculum Subiculum The subiculum is the most inferior component of the hippocampal formation. It lies between the entorhinal cortex and the CA1 subfield of the hippocampus proper.-Paths:... – peak of neurogenesis	Finlay and Darlington (1995)
48	parasubiculum Parasubiculum In the rodent, the parasubiculum is a retrohippocampal isocortical structure, and a major component of the subicular complex. It receives numerous subcortical and cortical inputs, and sends major projections to the superficial layers of the entorhinal cortex .The parasubicular area is a... – peak of neurogenesis	Finlay and Darlington (1995)
48	fornix Fornix The fornix is a C-shaped bundle of fibers in the brain, and carries signals from the hippocampus to the hypothalamus.-Structure:... appears	Ashwell et al. (1996)
48	presubiculum – peak of neurogenesis	Finlay and Darlington (1995)
48	dentate gyrus Dentate gyrus The dentate gyrus is part of the hippocampal formation. It is thought to contribute to new memories as well as other functional roles. It is notable as being one of a select few brain structures currently known to have high rates of neurogenesis in adult rats, .The dentate gyrus cells receive... of hippocampus Hippocampus The hippocampus is a major component of the brains of humans and other vertebrates. It belongs to the limbic system and plays important roles in the consolidation of information from short-term memory to long-term memory and spatial navigation. Humans and other mammals have two hippocampi, one in... - peak of neurogenesis	Finlay and Darlington (1995)
48	anterior commisure appears	Ashwell et al. (1996)
48	CA 1, CA 2 of hippocampus Hippocampus The hippocampus is a major component of the brains of humans and other vertebrates. It belongs to the limbic system and plays important roles in the consolidation of information from short-term memory to long-term memory and spatial navigation. Humans and other mammals have two hippocampi, one in... - peak of neurogenesis	Finlay and Darlington (1995)
53	neurogenesis cortical layer VI - peak (VC) of neurogenesis	Finlay and Darlington (1995)
56	superficial SC laminae - end of neurogenesis	Robinson and Dreher (1990)
56	cones - peak of neurogenesis	Finlay and Darlington (1995)
56	retinal amacrine cells - peak of neurogenesis	Finlay and Darlington (1995)
57	retinal ganglion cell generation - end of neurogenesis	Robinson and Dreher (1990)
58.5	neurogenesis cortical layer V - start (VC) of neurogenesis	Robinson and Dreher (1990)
65	neurogenesis cortical lamina VI - end (VC) of neurogenesis	Robinson and Dreher (1990)
67	cortical axons reach dLGN	Robinson and Dreher (1990)
69	optic nerve axon number - peak of neurogenesis	Robinson and Dreher (1990)
70	neurogenesis cortical layer V - peak (VC) of neurogenesis	Finlay and Darlington (1995)
70	neurogenesis cortical lamina IV - start (VC) of neurogenesis	Robinson and Dreher (1990)
75	neurogenesis cortical layer V - end (VC) of neurogenesis	Robinson and Dreher (1990)
78	LGN axons in subplate	Robinson and Dreher (1990)
80	neurogenesis cortical layer IV - peak (VC) of neurogenesis	Finlay and Darlington (1995)
81.5	cortical axons innervate dLGN	Robinson and Dreher (1990)
85	neurogenesis cortical layer IV - end (VC) of neurogenesis	Robinson and Dreher (1990)
85	rods - peak of neurogenesis	Finlay and Darlington (1995)
85	retinal bipolar cells - peak of neurogenesis	Finlay and Darlington (1995)
85.5	neurogenesis cortical layer II/III - start (VC) of neurogenesis	Rakic (1974)
86	superficial SC - start of lamination	Robinson and Dreher (1990)
87	ipsi/contra segregation in LGN and SC	Robinson and Dreher (1990)
90	neurogenesis cortical layer II /III - peak (VC) of neurogenesis	Finlay and Darlington (1995)
91	LGN axons in cortical layer IV	Robinson and Dreher (1990)
96	adult-like cortical innervation of dLGN	Robinson and Dreher (1990)
96	visual cortical axons in SC	Robinson and Dreher (1990)
100	neurogenesis cortical layer II/III - end (VC) of neurogenesis	Rakic (1974)
110	rapid axon loss in optic nerve ends	Robinson and Dreher (1990)
123	eye Eye Eyes are organs that detect light and convert it into electro-chemical impulses in neurons. The simplest photoreceptors in conscious vision connect light to movement... opening	Ashwell et al. (1996); Dunlop et al. (1997); Robinson and Dreher (1990)

See also