List of residences of Joseph Haydn
Encyclopedia
Joseph Haydn
Franz Joseph Haydn , known as Joseph Haydn , was an Austrian composer, one of the most prolific and prominent composers of the Classical period. He is often called the "Father of the Symphony" and "Father of the String Quartet" because of his important contributions to these forms...
lived.
Haydn, who lived from 1732 to 1809, spent most of his life in a small region near Vienna
Vienna
Vienna is the capital and largest city of the Republic of Austria and one of the nine states of Austria. Vienna is Austria's primary city, with a population of about 1.723 million , and is by far the largest city in Austria, as well as its cultural, economic, and political centre...
no more than about 50 km. across, shown on the map at the right. This region was politically part of the Habsburg Empire
Habsburg Monarchy
The Habsburg Monarchy covered the territories ruled by the junior Austrian branch of the House of Habsburg , and then by the successor House of Habsburg-Lorraine , between 1526 and 1867/1918. The Imperial capital was Vienna, except from 1583 to 1611, when it was moved to Prague...
; for reference the map shows the boundaries of modern-day Austria (green), Hungary (yellow), and Slovakia (pink).
Chronological list
The approximate dates in each location are as follows.- 1732-1737: the tiny village of Rohrau. Haydn's early-childhood home, at Obere Hauptstrasse 25, has been restored many times since Haydn's day and is currently a Haydn museum.
- 1737-1739 or 1740: the small town of HainburgHainburg an der DonauHainburg an der Donau is a town in the Bruck an der Leitha district, Lower Austria, Austria.-Geography:The city Hainburg is located next to the Danube river and Bratislava in Slovakia and 50 km east of Vienna. It is part of the Industrial Quarter Industrieviertel in Lower Austria.45.87% of the...
, in the home of his distant relative, the schoolmaster and choral director Johann Mathias Franck
- 1740-ca. 1757: ViennaViennaVienna is the capital and largest city of the Republic of Austria and one of the nine states of Austria. Vienna is Austria's primary city, with a population of about 1.723 million , and is by far the largest city in Austria, as well as its cultural, economic, and political centre...
, as follows:- 1740-November (?) 1749: the Kapellhaus, quarters for choirboys at St. Stephen’s Cathedral
- November 1749-Spring/Summer 1750: shared lodgings with the family of Johann Michael Spangler, a professional singer at the St. Michael’s church who had participated in performances with Haydn
- 1750- various locations in Vienna, starting out with an unheated garret room in the Michaelerhaus, attached to the MichaelerkircheMichaelerkirche (Vienna)St. Michael's Church , dedicated to the Archangel Michael, is one of the oldest churches in Vienna, Austria, and also one of its few remaining Romanesque buildings. Over time, there have been many alterations, resulting in its present day aspect, unchanged since 1792...
. - Journeys during this period:
- Shortly after ending his service as a chorister, Haydn made a pilgrimage to MariazellMariazellMariazell is a small city in Austria, in Styria, well known for winter sports, 143 km N. of Graz. It is picturesquely situated in the valley of the Salza, amid the north Styrian Alps....
. - Summer 1753: Spent in the spa town of MannersdorfMannersdorf am LeithagebirgeMannersdorf am Leithagebirge is a town in Austria. It is located in the district of Bruck an der Leitha in Lower Austria. Mannersdorf is seated on an agricultural plain, at the base of a range of wooded hills called the Leitha Mountains , from which it receives its full name...
, in company with his employer and teacher Nicola PorporaNicola PorporaNicola Porpora was an Italian composer of Baroque operas and teacher of singing, whose most famous singing student was the castrato Farinelli. One of his other students was composer Matteo Capranica.-Biography:Porpora was born in Naples...
. Haydn served Porpora as accompanist and valet; Porpora in turn was serving the mistress of the Venetian ambassador Correr; she was visiting the spa for the summer. At parties hosted by Prince Hildburghausen, Haydn met a number of eminent composers also visiting the spa: GluckChristoph Willibald GluckChristoph Willibald Ritter von Gluck was an opera composer of the early classical period. After many years at the Habsburg court at Vienna, Gluck brought about the practical reform of opera's dramaturgical practices that many intellectuals had been campaigning for over the years...
, WagenseilGeorg Christoph WagenseilGeorg Christoph Wagenseil was an Austrian composer.He was born in Vienna, and became a favorite pupil of the Vienna court'sKapellmeister, Johann Joseph Fux. Wagenseil himself composed for the...
and BonnoGiuseppe BonnoGiuseppe Bonno was an Austrian composer of Italian origin....
- Shortly after ending his service as a chorister, Haydn made a pilgrimage to Mariazell
- 1757-1761: In the employ of Count MorzinCount MorzinCount Morzin was an aristocrat of the Austrian Empire during the 18th century. He is remembered today as the first person to employ the composer Joseph Haydn as his Kapellmeister, or music director...
. Winters in Vienna, summers at the Count's estate in Dolní LukaviceDolní LukaviceDolní Lukavice is a village and municipality in Plzeň-South District in the Plzeň Region of the Czech Republic.The municipality covers an area of , and has a population of 815 ....
, often referred to as LukavecDolní LukaviceDolní Lukavice is a village and municipality in Plzeň-South District in the Plzeň Region of the Czech Republic.The municipality covers an area of , and has a population of 815 ....
, now in the Czech RepublicCzech RepublicThe Czech Republic is a landlocked country in Central Europe. The country is bordered by Poland to the northeast, Slovakia to the east, Austria to the south, and Germany to the west and northwest....
. For details, including the unclarity of the dates given, see Count MorzinCount MorzinCount Morzin was an aristocrat of the Austrian Empire during the 18th century. He is remembered today as the first person to employ the composer Joseph Haydn as his Kapellmeister, or music director...
. - 1761-1766: Vice-KapellmeisterKapellmeisterKapellmeister is a German word designating a person in charge of music-making. The word is a compound, consisting of the roots Kapelle and Meister . The words Kapelle and Meister derive from the Latin: capella and magister...
to the Esterházys, mostly in the small town of EisenstadtEisenstadt- Politics :The current mayor of Eisenstadt is Andrea Fraunschiel ÖVP.The district council is composed as follows :* ÖVP: 17 seats* SPÖ: 8 seats* Austrian Green Party: 2 seats* FPÖ: 2 seats- Castles and palaces :...
, the family's ancestral seat - 1766-1790: the remote Esterháza Palace, in modern-day FertődFertodFertőd is a town located in the Győr-Moson-Sopron county of Hungary, not far from Austria. Fertőd was formed when the towns of Eszterháza and Süttör were unified, in 1950....
, Hungary. Initially, just summers away from Eisenstadt, by 1778 this had expanded to ten months per year; and Haydn sold his house in Eisenstadt. He lived in a house in the grounds of the palace (at Madach sétány 1, now a music museum (Muzsikaház) and gallery).- Journeys during this period:
- In the mid 1770's Haydn performed with his orchestra at the palace the Esterházys maintained near Pressburg (today called BratislavaBratislavaBratislava is the capital of Slovakia and, with a population of about 431,000, also the country's largest city. Bratislava is in southwestern Slovakia on both banks of the Danube River. Bordering Austria and Hungary, it is the only national capital that borders two independent countries.Bratislava...
and capital of SlovakiaSlovakiaThe Slovak Republic is a landlocked state in Central Europe. It has a population of over five million and an area of about . Slovakia is bordered by the Czech Republic and Austria to the west, Poland to the north, Ukraine to the east and Hungary to the south...
).
- In the mid 1770's Haydn performed with his orchestra at the palace the Esterházys maintained near Pressburg (today called Bratislava
- Journeys during this period:
- 1790, approx. October-December: following the death of his patron Nikolaus EsterházyNikolaus EsterházyNikolaus Esterházy was a Hungarian prince, a member of the famous Esterházy family. His building of palaces, extravagant clothing, and taste for opera and other grand musical productions led to his being given the title "the Magnificent"...
on September 28, Haydn settled in Vienna, renting rooms from his friend Johann Nepomuk Hamberger, who was an official in the Lower Austrian government. The address was Wasserkunstbastei no. 1196 (first numbering); entrance on Seilerstätte no. 21. Mrs. Haydn continued to rent rooms from Hamberger during Haydn's absence in London. The building was later inhabited by BeethovenLudwig van BeethovenLudwig van Beethoven was a German composer and pianist. A crucial figure in the transition between the Classical and Romantic eras in Western art music, he remains one of the most famous and influential composers of all time.Born in Bonn, then the capital of the Electorate of Cologne and part of...
(1801) and was rebuilt in 1805. - January 1791-June 1792: LondonLondonLondon is the capital city of :England and the :United Kingdom, the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom, and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures. Located on the River Thames, London has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history going back to its...
. The city is 1237 km. from Vienna http://www.angelfire.com/md2/timewarp/cursortrail.html, and thus vastly farther than any other location where Haydn lived.- January-May 1791: #18, Great Pulteney Street, a lodging house where Haydn's host and collaborator Johann Peter SalomonJohann Peter SalomonJohann Peter Salomon was a German violinist, composer, conductor and musical impresario.-Life:...
also lived. Haydn did his work in a room provided him by the BroadwoodBroadwood and SonsBroadwood and Sons is an English piano manufacturer, founded in 1728 by Burkat Shudi and continued after his death in 1773 by John Broadwood.- Early history :...
piano firm, across the way at #33. - May-July 1791. Seeking quiet in which to compose, Haydn moved to a farm in the then rural district of Lisson GroveLisson GroveLisson Grove is a district and also a street of the City of Westminster, London, England located just to the north of the city ring road. There are many landmarks surrounding the area. To the north is Lord's Cricket Ground in St John's Wood. To the west are Paddington and Watling Street...
. Haydn left when the farm was sold in July. - August-September 1791. In the country at the home of the banker Nathanael Brassey. From historical records Scott deduces that this was called Roxford, in the village of HertingfordburyHertingfordburyHertingfordbury is a small village and civil parish in Hertfordshire, England, close to the county town of Hertford. It was mentioned in the Domesday Book.-Location:...
, 21 miles to the north of London in HertfordshireHertfordshireHertfordshire is a ceremonial and non-metropolitan county in the East region of England. The county town is Hertford.The county is one of the Home Counties and lies inland, bordered by Greater London , Buckinghamshire , Bedfordshire , Cambridgeshire and...
. Unlike any of the other places where Haydn lived while in England, this home is still standing. - Late September 1791. Probably back at #18, Great Pulteney Street.
- Journeys during this period:
- July 1791: OxfordOxfordThe city of Oxford is the county town of Oxfordshire, England. The city, made prominent by its medieval university, has a population of just under 165,000, with 153,900 living within the district boundary. It lies about 50 miles north-west of London. The rivers Cherwell and Thames run through...
, where he was awarded an honorary doctorate by the University in a grand ceremony. - End of November 1791: Haydn also visited CambridgeCambridgeThe city of Cambridge is a university town and the administrative centre of the county of Cambridgeshire, England. It lies in East Anglia about north of London. Cambridge is at the heart of the high-technology centre known as Silicon Fen – a play on Silicon Valley and the fens surrounding the...
, on his way to the home of Patrick Blake in LanghamLangham-Places:Canada*Langham, SaskatchewanEngland*Langham, Essex*Langham, Norfolk*Langham, Northumberland*Langham, Rutland*Langham, Suffolk-People:*Langham Baronets, a title in the baronetcy of England...
. - 14 June 1792: Windsor CastleWindsor CastleWindsor Castle is a medieval castle and royal residence in Windsor in the English county of Berkshire, notable for its long association with the British royal family and its architecture. The original castle was built after the Norman invasion by William the Conqueror. Since the time of Henry I it...
, then AscotAscot, BerkshireAscot is a village within the civil parish of Sunninghill and Ascot, in the Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead, Berkshire, England. It is most notable as the location of Ascot Racecourse, home of the prestigious Royal Ascot meeting...
for the races. The following day to SloughSloughSlough is a borough and unitary authority within the ceremonial county of Royal Berkshire, England. The town straddles the A4 Bath Road and the Great Western Main Line, west of central London...
(visit to astronomer/musician William HerschelWilliam HerschelSir Frederick William Herschel, KH, FRS, German: Friedrich Wilhelm Herschel was a German-born British astronomer, technical expert, and composer. Born in Hanover, Wilhelm first followed his father into the Military Band of Hanover, but emigrated to Britain at age 19...
).
- July 1791: Oxford
- January-May 1791: #18, Great Pulteney Street, a lodging house where Haydn's host and collaborator Johann Peter Salomon
- July 1792-January 1794: rented lodgings in Vienna
- February 1794-August 1795: London, #1, Bury Street St. James.
- Journeys during this period:
- Starting 9 July 1794: Hampton Court, GosportGosportGosport is a town, district and borough situated on the south coast of England, within the county of Hampshire. It has approximately 80,000 permanent residents with a further 5,000-10,000 during the summer months...
, PortsmouthPortsmouthPortsmouth is the second largest city in the ceremonial county of Hampshire on the south coast of England. Portsmouth is notable for being the United Kingdom's only island city; it is located mainly on Portsea Island...
, the Isle of WightIsle of WightThe Isle of Wight is a county and the largest island of England, located in the English Channel, on average about 2–4 miles off the south coast of the county of Hampshire, separated from the mainland by a strait called the Solent...
, and WinchesterWinchesterWinchester is a historic cathedral city and former capital city of England. It is the county town of Hampshire, in South East England. The city lies at the heart of the wider City of Winchester, a local government district, and is located at the western end of the South Downs, along the course of... - Early August, 1794: Bath and BristolBristolBristol is a city, unitary authority area and ceremonial county in South West England, with an estimated population of 433,100 for the unitary authority in 2009, and a surrounding Larger Urban Zone with an estimated 1,070,000 residents in 2007...
, . - 26 August 1794: on a visit to Sir Charles Rich in FarnhamFarnhamFarnham is a town in Surrey, England, within the Borough of Waverley. The town is situated some 42 miles southwest of London in the extreme west of Surrey, adjacent to the border with Hampshire...
, the ruins of Waverley AbbeyWaverley AbbeyWaverley Abbey was the first Cistercian abbey in England, founded in 1128 by William Giffard, Bishop of Winchester. It is situated about one mile south of Farnham, Surrey, in a bend of the River Wey.-History:...
- Starting 9 July 1794: Hampton Court, Gosport
- Journeys during this period:
- September 1795-May 1809: Vienna, as follows
- September 1795-1797: lodgings on the Neuer Markt in the old city
- 1797-1809: a house Haydn purchased in Windmühle, then a suburb of Vienna, nowadays part of the urban core. The house serves as a Haydn museum today.
- During the earlier years of this period, Haydn also spent time in Eisenstadt organizing and directing the newly-reconstituted Esterházy orchestra.
External links
- Haydn’s birth home, from the Austrian Ministry of Education, Science, and Culture.
- Website of the Haydnhaus, the Haydn museum located in Haydn's final Vienna home.
- http://homepage.univie.ac.at/michael.lorenz/haydn_wohnungen Michael Lorenz, "Einige Korrekturen und Ergänzungen zu Klaus Martin Kopitz' Aufsatz 'Anmerkungen und Korrekturen zu Haydns Wiener Wohnungen'". Discussion (in German) of the documentary evidence concerning several of Haydn's Vienna residences.