List of nationalist organizations
Encyclopedia
This is a list of nationalist organizations. Clarification of which sort of nationalism is given after some entries.
Nationalist organizations past and present
(Not including governments and formal armies)- Asturias
- Conceyu Nacionalista Astur - left-wing (Marxist, socialist and anarchist) independentist (defunct)
- Movimientu Comunista d'Asturies - Maoist party in favour of the self-determination (defunct)
- Unidá Nacionalista AsturianaUnidáUnidá is an Asturian federation of parties formed by Izquierda Asturiana, members coming from Andecha Astur , and by the local parties Andecha por Carreño, Asturianistes por Nava and Asturianistes por Piloña, forming a local series of groups with the name of Unidá such as Unidá-Avilés or...
- left-wing independentist (refounded in 2007) - Andecha AsturAndecha Asturthumb|"[[Asturina cola estrella bermeya]]". A [[Red star|socialist]] and nationalist flag of [[Asturias]] used by Andecha AsturAndecha Astur is an Asturian nationalist leftist political party of Spain.-History:The party was founded in 1990...
- left-wing independentist - Andecha ObreraAndecha ObreraAndecha Obrera was a terrorist organization of Asturian nationalistic ideology, at the moment inactivate, that during the decade of the 80's used explosive devices in to support labor struggles, as in the cases of the offices of the INEM, or related to the naval conflict.-Documented actions:*In...
- far left-wing independentist armed group in the 1980s (not to be confused with "Andecha Astur")
- Australia
- One Nation - far right, anti-immigration, nationalist, populist
- Pauline's United Australia PartyPauline's United Australia PartyPauline's United Australia Party was an Australian political party launched by former One Nation founder Pauline Hanson on 24 May 2007 and registered by the Australian Electoral Commission on 20 September 2007....
- nationalist, protectionist, anti-immigration
- Austria
- Austrian Freedom Party - far right, classical liberal, Pan-German nationalist, anti-immigration
- Balochistan
- Balochistan Liberation ArmyBalochistan Liberation ArmyThe Balochistan Liberation Army is a terrorist group based in Balochistan, a mountainous region within southern Iran and Pakistan. The organization is a participant in the Balochistan conflict and strives to establish an independent state of Balochistan, free of Pakistani and Iranian rule...
- Balochistan Liberation FrontBalochistan Liberation FrontThe Baloch Liberation Front is a political front and militant group founded by Jumma Khan Marri in 1964 in Damascus, and played an important role in the 1968-1980 insurgency in Pakistani Balochistan and Iranian Balochistan. The BLF had support from Arab nationalists leaders...
/Baluchi Liberation FrontBaluchi Liberation FrontBaluchi Liberation Front or BLF was established in 1960s. It was first Baluchi insurgency organistaion founded by Jumma Khan Marri. Before Baluchis had tribals style insurgency groups. BLF headquarter was in Dubai. In 1965 Mir Abdi Khan Sardaizai joined the group. Baluchi fighters were trained in... - Baluch People's Liberation FrontBaluch People's Liberation FrontBaluch People's Liberation Front, also known as Baluch Awami Azadi Mahaiz or BPLF, was founded in the 1965. its aim was the independence of...
- Popular Front for Armed ResistancePopular Front for Armed ResistancePopular Front for Armed Resistance, or PFAR, was founded in 1960s and active until 1973 in Pakistan. It was run by Baluchi tribal separatist groups, which carry out serial bomb attacks. In 1974 at Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, the group announced and end to the insurgency, which had by that time claimed the...
- Baluchi Autonomist MovementBaluchi Autonomist MovementThe Baluchi Autonomist Movement was an ethnic Baluchi guerrilla movement in Iranian Balochistan led by Mowlawi Abdul Aziz Mollazadeh in the 1980s. The movement was supported by the Iraqi government. The BAM's main demands were limited autonomy and economic concessions for Iranian Baluchis...
- Balochistan Liberation Army
- Bangladesh
- Bangladesh Nationalist PartyBangladesh Nationalist PartyThe Bangladesh Nationalist Party , commonly referred to as the BNP, is the mainstream center-right political party in Bangladesh. BNP ruled Bangladesh total 18 years since her independence, the longest than any other party in Bangladesh...
- Bangladesh Nationalist Party
- Basque Country
- Basque National Liberation MovementBasque National Liberation MovementThe Basque National Liberation Movement is an umbrella term that comprises all social, political and armed organizations orbiting around the ideas of the illegal armed organisation Euskadi Ta Askatasuna , proscribed internationally as a terrorist organisation.The wide variety of organizations and...
- virtual union between left-wing independentist parties, youths- AmaiurAmaiurAmaiur is a left-wing Basque nationalist and separatist political coalition from the Southern Basque Country in Spain, which encompasses the autonomous communities of the Basque Country and Navarre...
left-wing independentist party - BatasunaBatasunaBatasuna was a Basque nationalist political party based mainly in Spain, where it was outlawed in 2003, after a court ruling declared proven that the party was financing ETA with public money. Batasuna is included in the "European Union list of terrorist persons and organizations" as a component...
- left-wing independentist (banned in Spain, not in France, see Abertzaleen BatasunaAbertzaleen BatasunaAbertzaleen Batasuna is a Basque political party in France.It is the largest Basque nationalist party of the French Basque Country gathering around 10% of the votes in this territory. Its immediate goal is the establishment of a Pays Basque département out of Pyrénées-Atlantiques...
) - BilduBilduBildu is a Basque nationalist, separatist and abertzale leftist political coalition active in the Basque Country and Navarre. It was official launched on 3 April 2011...
left-wing independentist party - ETAETAETA , an acronym for Euskadi Ta Askatasuna is an armed Basque nationalist and separatist organization. The group was founded in 1959 and has since evolved from a group promoting traditional Basque culture to a paramilitary group with the goal of gaining independence for the Greater Basque Country...
- Marxist-Leninist armed group active from the 1960s to present - Haika, SegiSEGISegi is a Basque pro-independence and revolutionary left-wing organization. It forms part of the Basque National Liberation Movement and is aligned with Langile Abertzaleen Batzordeak and Batasuna....
and Jarrai - left-wing independentist youth organizations (banned in Spain) - Langile Abertzaleen BatzordeakLangile Abertzaleen BatzordeakLAB is a Basque nationalist trade union operating mainly in Spain currently led by Ainhoa Etxaide.It was created in 1974 by Jon Idigoras among others...
- left-wing independentist workers union
- Amaiur
- Basque National Liberation Movement
- Belgium
- New Flemish Alliance, Flemish nationalism, rather right-wing
- Vlaams BelangVlaams BelangVlaams Belang is a Belgian far-right political party in the Flemish Region and Brussels that advocates the independence of Flanders and strict limits on immigration, whereby immigrants would be obliged to adopt Flemish culture and language...
, strong and extreme-right Flemish nationalistic - Spirit, left-wing liberal Fleminsh nationalistic
- Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Serbian Democratic Party
- Croatian Democratic Union 1990Croatian Democratic Union 1990The Croatian Democratic Union 1990 is a political party of Croats in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It split of the Croatian Democratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina and is led by Božo Ljubić. In the 2006 it was the leading member of the Croats Together coalition....
- Canada
- Canadian nationalism
- Council of Canadians - progressive, anti-integration
- Canadian Action PartyCanadian Action PartyThe Canadian Action Party is a Canadian federal political party founded in 1997. It promotes Canadian nationalism, monetary and electoral reform, and opposes neoliberal globalization and free trade agreements.- Background :The Canadian Action Party was founded by Paul T...
- Confederation of Regions Party - ethnic nationalist, Far Right
- Canada FirstCanada FirstThe Canada First movement was organized in Ottawa in 1868 to promote the expulsion of traitors in the nation. It was at first supported by Goldwin Smith and Edward Blake...
- historic - The WaffleThe WaffleThe Waffle was a radical wing of Canada's New Democratic Party in the late 1960s and early 1970s. It later transformed into an independent political party, with little electoral success before it permanently disbanded in the mid-1970s...
- radical faction of the New Democratic PartyNew Democratic PartyThe New Democratic Party , commonly referred to as the NDP, is a federal social-democratic political party in Canada. The interim leader of the NDP is Nycole Turmel who was appointed to the position due to the illness of Jack Layton, who died on August 22, 2011. The provincial wings of the NDP in...
of Canada
- Quebec nationalism
- Bloc QuébécoisBloc QuébécoisThe Bloc Québécois is a federal political party in Canada devoted to the protection of Quebec's interests in the House of Commons of Canada, and the promotion of Quebec sovereignty. The Bloc was originally a party made of Quebec nationalists who defected from the federal Progressive Conservative...
- Quebec sovereingistQuebec sovereignty movementThe Quebec sovereignty movement refers to both the political movement and the ideology of values, concepts and ideas that promote the secession of the province of Quebec from the rest of Canada... - Parti QuébécoisParti QuébécoisThe Parti Québécois is a centre-left political party that advocates national sovereignty for the province of Quebec and secession from Canada. The Party traditionally has support from the labour movement. Unlike many other social-democratic parties, its ties with the labour movement are informal...
- Quebec sovereigntist - Quebec Liberal Party - federalistQuebec federalist ideologyQuebec federalist ideology revolves around the concept of Quebec remaining within Canada, in opposition to the desires of Quebec sovereigntists and proponents of Quebec independence....
(opposed to independence), cultural nationalist - Front de liberation du QuebecFront de libération du QuébecThe Front de libération du Québec was a left-wing Quebecois nationalist and Marxist-Leninist paramilitary group in Quebec, Canada. It was active between 1963 and 1970, and was regarded as a terrorist organization for its violent methods of action...
- communist independentist armed group
- Bloc Québécois
- Canadian nationalism
- Catalonia
- Terra LliureTerra LliureTerra Lliure , sometimes referred to as TLL, was an armed Catalan nationalist and left-wing separatist organisation. Formed in 1978, with the goal of establishing an independent Marxist state in the so-called Catalan Countries, the group carried out dozens of attacks that left many people injured...
- left-wing independentist armed group - PSAN - communist independentist party
- Esquerra Republicana de CatalunyaEsquerra Republicana de CatalunyaThe Republican Left of Catalonia is a left wing Catalan independentist political party in Spain. It is also the main sponsor of the independence movement from France and Spain in the territories known among Catalan nationalists as Països Catalans...
- left-wing independentist party
- Terra Lliure
- England
- English Democrats PartyEnglish Democrats PartyThe English Democrats are an English federalist political party, committed to the formation of a devolved English Parliament with at least the same powers as those granted to the Scottish Parliament. Whilst not supporting English Independence, the English Democrats consider themselves the English...
- in favour of English parliament and autonomy within the U.K
- English Democrats Party
- Estonia
- Vaps Movement - historic
- Estonian Independence PartyEstonian Independence PartyThe Estonian Independence Party is a nationalist political party in Estonia. The party, founded in 1999, is a successor to the Estonian Future Party. One of the principal aims of the party is the withdrawal of Estonia from the European Union. The party is currently without parliamentary...
- ethnic
- Fiji
- George SpeightGeorge SpeightGeorge Speight , occasionally known as Ilikimi Naitini, was the principal instigator of the Fiji coup of 2000, in which he kidnapped thirty-six government officials and held them from May 19, 2000 to July 13, 2000...
and other participants in the Fiji Coup of 2000Fiji coup of 2000The Fiji coup of 2000 was a complicated affair involving a civilian putsch by hardline Fijian nationalists against the elected government of a non-native Prime Minister, Mahendra Chaudhry, on 19 May 2000, the attempt by President Ratu Sir Kamisese Mara to assert executive authority on 27 May, and...
- George Speight
- France
- Action FrançaiseAction FrançaiseThe Action Française , founded in 1898, is a French Monarchist counter-revolutionary movement and periodical founded by Maurice Pujo and Henri Vaugeois and whose principal ideologist was Charles Maurras...
- integralist - National Front (France) - support of Jus sanguinisJus sanguinisIus sanguinis is a social policy by which citizenship is not determined by place of birth, but by having a parent who are citizens of the nation...
and return to traditional values - Croix de Feu - far right
- Action Française
- Germany
- National Democratic Party of GermanyNational Democratic Party of GermanyThe National Democratic Party of Germany – The People's Union , is a far right German nationalist party. It was founded in 1964 a successor to the German Reich Party . Party statements self-identify as Germany's "only significant patriotic force"...
- ethnic - German People's UnionGerman People's UnionThe German People's Union is a nationalist political party in Germany. It was founded by publisher Gerhard Frey as an informal association in 1971 and established as a party in 1987. Financially, it is largely dependent on Frey....
- ethnic - National Socialist German Workers PartyNational Socialist German Workers PartyThe National Socialist German Workers' Party , commonly known in English as the Nazi Party, was a political party in Germany between 1920 and 1945. Its predecessor, the German Workers' Party , existed from 1919 to 1920...
(Nazi Party) - ethnic
- National Democratic Party of Germany
- Greece
- Chrysi Avyi (Golden Dawn) - Greek nationalist party
- Greek National Socialist Party
- National Union of GreeceNational Union of GreeceThe National Union of Greece was an anti-Semitic nationalist party established in Thessaloniki, Greece, in 1927.Registered as a mutual aid society, the EEE was founded by Asia Minor refugee merchants. According to the organisation's constitution, only Christians could join...
- 4th of August Party4th of August PartyThe 4th of August Party was a radical Greek nationalist political party, founded in July 1965 by a group of young nationalists and led by Konstantinos Plevris...
- Front LineFront lineA front line is the farthest-most forward position of an armed force's personnel and equipment - generally in respect of maritime or land forces. Forward Line of Own Troops , or Forward Edge of Battle Area are technical terms used by all branches of the armed services...
- Hungary
- Jobbik - Far-right
- India
- Indian People's Party (BJP) - HindutvaHindutvaHindutva is the term used to describe movements advocating Hindu nationalism. Members of the movement are called Hindutvavādis.In India, an umbrella organization called the Sangh Parivar champions the concept of Hindutva...
- Indian People's Party (BJP) - Hindutva
- Iraq and Syria
- Ba'ath Party - secular pan-arabism
- Ireland
- Young Irelanders - civic
- Fenian BrotherhoodFenian BrotherhoodThe Fenian Brotherhood was an Irish republican organization founded in the United States in 1858 by John O'Mahony and Michael Doheny. It was a precursor to Clan na Gael, a sister organization to the Irish Republican Brotherhood. Members were commonly known as "Fenians"...
- Irish Republican ArmyIrish Republican ArmyThe Irish Republican Army was an Irish republican revolutionary military organisation. It was descended from the Irish Volunteers, an organisation established on 25 November 1913 that staged the Easter Rising in April 1916...
- historic organisation, led the independence war - Provisional Irish Republican ArmyProvisional Irish Republican ArmyThe Provisional Irish Republican Army is an Irish republican paramilitary organisation whose aim was to remove Northern Ireland from the United Kingdom and bring about a socialist republic within a united Ireland by force of arms and political persuasion...
- modern organisation, led a campaign during The TroublesThe TroublesThe Troubles was a period of ethno-political conflict in Northern Ireland which spilled over at various times into England, the Republic of Ireland, and mainland Europe. The duration of the Troubles is conventionally dated from the late 1960s and considered by many to have ended with the Belfast...
1969-1998 - Continuity Irish Republican ArmyContinuity Irish Republican ArmyThe Continuity Irish Republican Army, otherwise known as the Continuity IRA and styling itself as Óglaigh na hÉireann, is an Irish republican paramilitary organisation that aims to bring about a united Ireland. It emerged from a split in the Provisional IRA in 1986 but did not become active until...
and Real Irish Republican ArmyReal Irish Republican ArmyThe Real Irish Republican Army, otherwise known as the Real IRA , and styling itself as Óglaigh na hÉireann , is an Irish republican paramilitary organisation which aims to bring about a united Ireland...
- small splinter groups, opposed to the peace process - Sinn FéinSinn FéinSinn Féin is a left wing, Irish republican political party in Ireland. The name is Irish for "ourselves" or "we ourselves", although it is frequently mistranslated as "ourselves alone". Originating in the Sinn Féin organisation founded in 1905 by Arthur Griffith, it took its current form in 1970...
- republican, leftwing - Social Democratic and Labour PartySocial Democratic and Labour PartyThe Social Democratic and Labour Party is a social-democratic, Irish nationalist political party in Northern Ireland. Its basic party platform advocates Irish reunification, and the further devolution of powers while Northern Ireland remains part of the United Kingdom...
- Northern Ireland based, moderate - Irish Parliamentary PartyIrish Parliamentary PartyThe Irish Parliamentary Party was formed in 1882 by Charles Stewart Parnell, the leader of the Nationalist Party, replacing the Home Rule League, as official parliamentary party for Irish nationalist Members of Parliament elected to the House of Commons at...
- 19th century, pro home rule
- Italy
- Lega Nord - regionalism
- Italian Social MovementItalian Social MovementThe Italian Social Movement , and later the Italian Social Movement–National Right , was a neo-fascist and post-fascist political party in Italy. Formed in 1946 by supporters of former Italian dictator Benito Mussolini, the party became the fourth largest party in Italy by the early 1960s...
- Italian Fascist Party historic, ruled Italy from 1922 to 1943
- Latvia
- Visu Latvijai (All for Latvia) - nationalist party
- Lebanon
- Guardians of the CedarsGuardians of the CedarsThe Guardians of the Cedars – GoC , also designated Gardiens du Cedre or Gardiens des Cèdres in French, are a far-right ultranationalist Lebanese party and former militia in Lebanon...
- Guardians of the Cedars
- Mexico
- Mexican Nationalist Army - slightly right-wing, anti-immigration, anti-American, anti-white Supremacist, nationalist, European Mexican supremacy
- New Zealand
- New Zealand FirstNew Zealand FirstNew Zealand First is a political party in New Zealand that was founded in 1993, following party founder Winston Peters' resignation from the National Party in 1992...
- populist, conservative, nationalist
- New Zealand First
- Norway
- Nasjonal Samling (National Gathering) - Norwegian romantic nationalistNorwegian romantic nationalismNorwegian romantic nationalism was a movement in Norway between 1840 and 1867 in art, literature, and popular culture that emphasized the aesthetics of Norwegian nature and the uniqueness of the Norwegian national identity...
, conservative
- Nasjonal Samling (National Gathering) - Norwegian romantic nationalist
- Palestinian authority/occupied territories
- PLO
- Serbia
- Serbian Radical PartySerbian Radical PartyThe Serbian Radical Party is a far-right Serbian nationalist political party in Serbia, founded in 1991. Currently the second-largest party in the Serbian National Assembly, it has branches in three of the nations that currently border Serbia – all former federal republics of Yugoslavia...
- right wing
- Serbian Radical Party
- Sindh
- Jeay Sindh Qoumi Mahaz
- South Africa
- National Party of South Africa - White nationalist
- Pan Africanist Congress - racist, Black nationalist, liberation movement
- AWBAfrikaner WeerstandsbewegingThe Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging is a South African far right separatist political and former paramilitary organization, since its creation dedicated to secessionist Afrikaner nationalism and the creation of an independent Boer-Afrikaner republic or "" in part of South Africa...
- White nationalist - Freedom Front Plus - moderate, AfrikanerAfrikanerAfrikaners are an ethnic group in Southern Africa descended from almost equal numbers of Dutch, French and German settlers whose native tongue is Afrikaans: a Germanic language which derives primarily from 17th century Dutch, and a variety of other languages.-Related ethno-linguistic groups:The...
nationalist and separatist - Inkatha Freedom PartyInkatha Freedom PartyThe Inkatha Freedom Party is a political party in South Africa. Since its founding, it has been led by Mangosuthu Buthelezi. It is currently the fourth largest party in the National Assembly of South Africa.-History:...
- populist, Zulu nationalist and conservative
- Spain
- FalangeFalangeThe Spanish Phalanx of the Assemblies of the National Syndicalist Offensive , known simply as the Falange, is the name assigned to several political movements and parties dating from the 1930s, most particularly the original fascist movement in Spain. The word means phalanx formation in Spanish....
- fascist
- Falange
- Sri Lanka
- Liberation Tigers of Tamil EelamLiberation Tigers of Tamil EelamThe Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam was a separatist militant organization formerly based in northern Sri Lanka. Founded in May 1976 by Vellupillai Prabhakaran, it waged a violent secessionist and nationalist campaign to create an independent state in the north and east of Sri Lanka for Tamil...
(Tamil Tigers) - independentist
- Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam
- Sweden
- Party of the Swedes - White nationalist
- United Kingdom
- Nation-wide
- British National PartyBritish National PartyThe British National Party is a British far-right political party formed as a splinter group from the National Front by John Tyndall in 1982...
- British nationalist/far right - National FrontBritish National FrontThe National Front is a far right, white-only political party whose major political activities took place during the 1970s and 1980s. Its popularity peaked in the 1979 general election, when it received 191,719 votes ....
- far right - British Union of FascistsBritish Union of FascistsThe British Union was a political party in the United Kingdom formed in 1932 by Sir Oswald Mosley as the British Union of Fascists, in 1936 it changed its name to the British Union of Fascists and National Socialists and then in 1937 to simply the British Union...
- fascist, defunct - League of Empire LoyalistsLeague of Empire LoyalistsThe League of Empire Loyalists was a British pressure group , established in 1954, which campaigned against the dissolution of the British Empire. The League was a small group of current or former members of the Conservative Party led by Arthur K...
- Far Right, imperialist, defunct
- British National Party
- Nation-wide
- United States
-
- American National Federalist Party -- newly formed; far right; eschews racialism or class conflict http://www.anfp.net
-
- Northern Ireland/Ulster
- Ulster Volunteer Force - loyalistUlster loyalismUlster loyalism is an ideology that is opposed to a united Ireland. It can mean either support for upholding Northern Ireland's status as a constituent part of the United Kingdom , support for Northern Ireland independence, or support for loyalist paramilitaries...
, sectarian- Ulster Defence AssociationUlster Defence AssociationThe Ulster Defence Association is the largest although not the deadliest loyalist paramilitary and vigilante group in Northern Ireland. It was formed in September 1971 and undertook a campaign of almost twenty-four years during "The Troubles"...
- loyalist, sectarian - Ulster Protestant VolunteersUlster Protestant VolunteersThe Ulster Protestant Volunteers were a loyalist and fundamentalist Christian paramilitary group in Northern Ireland. They were active between 1966 and 1969 and closely linked to the Ulster Constitution Defence Committee , established by Ian Paisley in 1966.The UPV launched a bombing campaign to...
- loyalist, sectarian, populist - Loyalist Volunteer ForceLoyalist Volunteer ForceThe Loyalist Volunteer Force is a loyalist paramilitary group in Northern Ireland. It was formed by Billy Wright in 1996 when he and the Portadown unit of the Ulster Volunteer Force's Mid-Ulster Brigade was stood down by the UVF leadership. He had been the commander of the Mid-Ulster Brigade. The...
- loyalist, fundamentalist, sectarian
- Ulster Defence Association
- Ulster Volunteer Force - loyalist
- Scotland
- Scottish National PartyScottish National PartyThe Scottish National Party is a social-democratic political party in Scotland which campaigns for Scottish independence from the United Kingdom....
- centre-leftCentre-leftCentre-left is a political term that describes individuals, political parties or organisations such as think tanks whose ideology lies between the centre and the left on the left-right spectrum...
, separatist, civic nationalismCivic nationalismLiberal Nationalism is a kind of nationalism identified by political philosophers who believe in a non-xenophobic form of nationalism compatible with liberal values of freedom, tolerance, equality, and individual rights. Ernest Renan and John Stuart Mill are often thought to be early liberal...
- Scottish National Party
- Turkey
- Nationalist Movement PartyNationalist Movement PartyThe Nationalist Movement Party , is a far-right political party in Turkey.In the 2002 general elections, the party had lost its 129 seats as it had won only 8.34% of the national vote...
- Pan-Turkist, Far-right
- Nationalist Movement Party
- Wales
- Plaid CymruPlaid Cymru' is a political party in Wales. It advocates the establishment of an independent Welsh state within the European Union. was formed in 1925 and won its first seat in 1966...
- progressive, separatist, civic nationalism- Free Wales ArmyFree Wales ArmyThe Free Wales Army was a paramilitary Welsh nationalist organisation, formed in Lampeter, Mid Wales, by William Julian Cayo-Evans in 1963. Its objective was to establish an independent Welsh republic.-History:...
- nationalist paramilitaryParamilitaryA paramilitary is a force whose function and organization are similar to those of a professional military, but which is not considered part of a state's formal armed forces.... - Mudiad Amddiffyn CymruMudiad Amddiffyn CymruMudiad Amddiffyn Cymru , abbreviated as MAC, was a paramilitary Welsh nationalist organisation, which was responsible for a number of bombing incidents between 1963 and 1969....
- nationalist paramilitary.
- Free Wales Army
- Plaid Cymru
- Vietnam
- Vietminh - communist, nationalist
- Vietcong – communist, nationalist, socialist