List of members of the July 20 Plot
Encyclopedia
This is a list of members of the 20 July plot, a coup d'état which involved a failed attempt to assassinate Adolf Hitler
. At least 7,000 persons were arrested by the Gestapo. According to records of the Fuehrer Conferences on Naval Affairs, 4,980 persons were executed. Few of these are believed to be involved. The most prominent conspirators were ordered to be "hanged like cattle" by Hitler. At the Plötzensee
prison, those persons were hung on symbolic meathooks with rope. Among those executed were two field marshals, 19 generals, 26 colonels, two ambassadors, seven diplomats, one minister, three secretaries of state, as well as the head of the Reich Police.
Adolf Hitler
Adolf Hitler was an Austrian-born German politician and the leader of the National Socialist German Workers Party , commonly referred to as the Nazi Party). He was Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945, and head of state from 1934 to 1945...
. At least 7,000 persons were arrested by the Gestapo. According to records of the Fuehrer Conferences on Naval Affairs, 4,980 persons were executed. Few of these are believed to be involved. The most prominent conspirators were ordered to be "hanged like cattle" by Hitler. At the Plötzensee
Plötzensee
Plötzensee is a small glacial lake in Berlin. It is situated near the Rehberge public park in the former borough of Wedding, now a part of Mitte. The name stems from Plötze, one name for the roach in German, as the lake formerly teemed with it....
prison, those persons were hung on symbolic meathooks with rope. Among those executed were two field marshals, 19 generals, 26 colonels, two ambassadors, seven diplomats, one minister, three secretaries of state, as well as the head of the Reich Police.
A
- Colonel Otto ArmsterOtto ArmsterOtto Armster was a German military intelligence-officer and a member of the German resistance, involved in the 20 July plot of 1944, the attempt to assassinate Adolf Hitler.- Life :...
(1891-1957), Head of the counter-intelligenceCounter-intelligenceCounterintelligence or counter-intelligence refers to efforts made by intelligence organizations to prevent hostile or enemy intelligence organizations from successfully gathering and collecting intelligence against them. National intelligence programs, and, by extension, the overall defenses of...
("AbwehrAbwehrThe Abwehr was a German military intelligence organisation from 1921 to 1944. The term Abwehr was used as a concession to Allied demands that Germany's post-World War I intelligence activities be for "defensive" purposes only...
") station in ViennaViennaVienna is the capital and largest city of the Republic of Austria and one of the nine states of Austria. Vienna is Austria's primary city, with a population of about 1.723 million , and is by far the largest city in Austria, as well as its cultural, economic, and political centre...
; arrested on 23 July 1944.
B
- Colonel General Ludwig BeckLudwig BeckGeneraloberst Ludwig August Theodor Beck was a German general and Chief of the German General Staff during the early years of the Nazi regime in Germany before World War II....
, Chief of the German General StaffGerman General StaffThe German General Staff was an institution whose rise and development gave the German armed forces a decided advantage over its adversaries. The Staff amounted to its best "weapon" for nearly a century and a half....
(1880–1944); voluntarily committed suicide when the plot failed. He was to be arrested whilst the other captives were to be executed under the order of Friedrich FrommFriedrich FrommFriedrich Fromm was a German army officer. He was also a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross.-Early life:Fromm was born in Charlottenburg...
. - Lieutenant Colonel Robert BernardisRobert BernardisRobert Bernardis was an Austrian resistance fighter involved in the attempt to kill German dictator Adolf Hitler in the July 20 Plot in 1944....
(1908–1944) executed on 8 August 1944 - Count Albrecht Graf von Bernstorff, Foreign Minister of Prussia (1890–1945); executed by firing squad at GestapoGestapoThe Gestapo was the official secret police of Nazi Germany. Beginning on 20 April 1934, it was under the administration of the SS leader Heinrich Himmler in his position as Chief of German Police...
headquarters, 22 April 1945 - Count Gottfried Graf von Bismarck-SchönhausenGottfried Graf von Bismarck-SchönhausenCount Gottfried von Bismarck-Schönhausen was a German politician and German Resistance figure.Born in Berlin, he was a grandson of the Chancellor Otto von Bismarck. He was a member of the Nazi Party and in 1933 he was elected to the Reichstag as a Nazi member...
, Civil Governor of Potsdam (1901–1949) - Major Count Hans-Jürgen von BlumenthalHans-Jürgen von BlumenthalHans-Jürgen Graf von Blumenthal was a German aristocrat and Army officer in World War II who was executed by the Nazi régime for his role in the July 20 Plot to assassinate Adolf Hitler.-Biography:...
(1907–1944); - Lieutenant Colonel (General Staff) Hasso von BoehmerHasso von BoehmerHasso von Boehmer was a German Lieutenant Colonel on the General Staff and one of the July 20 Plotters.Hasso von Boehmer belonged to Infantry Regiment 9 from Potsdam, from which also came many of the other plotters. They served, among others, Major General Henning von Tresckow and Fritz-Dietlof...
(1904–1945) - Lieutenant Colonel Baron Georg von BoeselagerGeorg von BoeselagerGeorg Freiherr von Boeselager was a German nobleman and an officer of the Wehrmacht, who ultimately reached the rank of Colonel of Cavalry....
, cavalry officer (1915–1944) - Lieutenant Colonel Baron Philipp von BoeselagerPhilipp von BoeselagerOberstleutnant Philipp Freiherr von Boeselager was the second-to-last surviving member of the July 20 Plot, a conspiracy among high-ranking Wehrmacht officers to assassinate German dictator Adolf Hitler in 1944....
, cavalry officer (1917–2008) - Eugen BolzEugen BolzEugen Anton Bolz was a German politician and a member of the resistance to the Nazi régime.- Life :Born in Rottenburg am Neckar, Eugen Bolz was his parents' twelfth child. His father, Joseph Bolz, was a salesman. His mother was Maria Theresia Bolz . Bolz studied law in Tübingen and there became a...
, State President of Württemberg (1881–1945) - Dietrich BonhoefferDietrich BonhoefferDietrich Bonhoeffer was a German Lutheran pastor, theologian and martyr. He was a participant in the German resistance movement against Nazism and a founding member of the Confessing Church. He was involved in plans by members of the Abwehr to assassinate Adolf Hitler...
, Pastor and Theologian (1906–1945); executed by SSSchutzstaffelThe Schutzstaffel |Sig runes]]) was a major paramilitary organization under Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party. Built upon the Nazi ideology, the SS under Heinrich Himmler's command was responsible for many of the crimes against humanity during World War II... - Klaus BonhoefferKlaus BonhoefferKlaus Bonhoeffer was a German jurist and resistance fighter against the Nazi régime who was executed after the July 1944 plot to kill Hitler....
, Lawyer (1901–1945); executed by Gestapo, 22 April 1945 - Randolph von Breidbach-Bürresheim
- Dr. Eduard BrücklmeierEduard BrücklmeierEduard Robert Wolfgang Brücklmeier was a German diplomat and resistance fighter against the Nazi régime who was executed as a result of his association with the July 20 Plot.- Life :...
, Diplomat (1903–1944) - Major Baron Axel Freiherr von dem Bussche-StreithorstAxel Freiherr von dem Bussche-StreithorstAxel Freiherr von dem Bussche-Streithorst , usually referred to as Axel von dem Bussche in English, was a German nobleman, professional Army officer and member of the German Resistance...
(1919–1993); made plans to assassinate Hitler with suicide bomb
C
- Oscar Caminecci, farmer
- Admiral Wilhelm CanarisWilhelm CanarisWilhelm Franz Canaris was a German admiral, head of the Abwehr, the German military intelligence service, from 1935 to 1944 and member of the German Resistance.- Early life and World War I :...
, Chief of German Military Intelligence (1887–1945); hanged at Flossenburg concentration camp, 9 April 1945 - Walter CramerWalter CramerWilhelm Bernardo Walter Cramer was a German businessman from Leipzig and a member of the failed July 20 Plot to assassinate Adolf Hitler at the Wolf's Lair in East Prussia.- Life :...
, Industrialist; hanged at Plötzensee Prison, 14 November 1944
D
- Professor Alfred DelpAlfred DelpAlfred Delp was a German Jesuit priest who was executed for his resistance to the Nazi régime in Germany.- Early life and education :...
, Pater S.J. (1907–1945); executed 2 February 1945 - Dr. Wilhelm Dieckmann, Ministry Official
- Major General Count Heinrich Graf zu Dohna-Schlobitten Chief of the Acting General Command
- Court official Hans von DohnanyiHans von DohnanyiHans von Dohnanyi was a German jurist, rescuer of Jews, and German resistance fighter against the Nazi régime.-Early life:...
(1902–1945); arrested for treason, 1943; executed 9 April 1945 - Lieutenant Hans Martin Dorsch
- Captain Max-Ulrich Graf von Drechsel
E
- Professor Fritz Elsas, Deputy Mayor of Berlin
- Lieutenant (General Staff) Karl-Heinz Engelhorn
- Lieutenant-Colonel Hans Otto Erdmann
F
- General Baron Alexander von FalkenhausenAlexander von FalkenhausenAlexander Ernst Alfred Hermann Freiherr von Falkenhausen was a German general. He was the head of the military government of Belgium from 1940–44 during its occupation by Germany in World War II....
, Military Commander of BelgiumBelgiumBelgium , officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a federal state in Western Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts the EU's headquarters, and those of several other major international organisations such as NATO.Belgium is also a member of, or affiliated to, many...
and Northern France (1878–1966); freed by American troops from Niederhorf on 4 May 1945, before Gestapo could carry out death sentence; imprisoned until 1951 for war crimes - General der NachrichtentruppeGeneral der NachrichtentruppeGeneral der Nachrichtentruppe was a rank of German Army General introduced by the Wehrmacht in 1940....
Erich FellgiebelErich FellgiebelFritz Erich Fellgiebel was a career German Army officer and a "July 20th" conspirator in the plot to assassinate Nazi dictator Adolf Hitler.-Military career:...
, Chief of the Military SignalsGeneral der NachrichtentruppeGeneral der Nachrichtentruppe was a rank of German Army General introduced by the Wehrmacht in 1940....
(1886–1944); in charge of cutting off communications on 20 July, hanged on 10 August 1944 - Colonel (General Staff) Eberhard FinckhEberhard FinckhColonel Eberhard Finckh was a German army officer who was a colonel on the general staff of the German army, a long time opponent of nazism and a member of the German resistance to Adolf Hitler’s regime....
, Chief QuartermasterQuartermasterQuartermaster refers to two different military occupations depending on if the assigned unit is land based or naval.In land armies, especially US units, it is a term referring to either an individual soldier or a unit who specializes in distributing supplies and provisions to troops. The senior...
to Günther BlumentrittGünther BlumentrittGünther Blumentritt was a German officer in World War I, who became a Staff Officer under the Weimar Republic and went on to serve as a general for Nazi Germany during World War II...
(1899–1944) - Professor Max Fleischmann
- Reinhold FrankReinhold FrankReinhold Frank was a German lawyer. He did work for the resistance to Hitler's rule in Nazi Germany. He was sentenced to death in connection with the failed July 20 Plot.-Life:...
, Lawyer - Ehrengard Frank-Schultz
- Colonel (General Staff) Baron Wessel von Freytag-Loringhoven, (1899–1944), who provided the explosives for the plot
- Walter Frick, Salesman
- Colonel General Friedrich FrommFriedrich FrommFriedrich Fromm was a German army officer. He was also a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross.-Early life:Fromm was born in Charlottenburg...
(1888–1945). Aware of the conspiracy, betrayed and executed conspirators, including StauffenbergClaus Schenk Graf von StauffenbergClaus Philipp Maria Justinian Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg commonly referred to as Claus Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg was a German army officer and Catholic aristocrat who was one of the leading members of the failed 20 July plot of 1944 to assassinate Adolf Hitler and remove the Nazi Party from...
, on 20 July. He was arrested on orders of Himmler the next day, and executed by firing squad for "cowardice" on 19 March 1945
G
- Major General Reinhard GehlenReinhard GehlenReinhard Gehlen was a General in the German Army during World War II, who served as chief of intelligence-gathering on the Eastern Front. After the war, he was recruited by the United States military to set up a spy ring directed against the Soviet Union , and eventually became head of the West...
, Chief of Intelligence-Gathering on the Eastern FrontEastern Front (World War II)The Eastern Front of World War II was a theatre of World War II between the European Axis powers and co-belligerent Finland against the Soviet Union, Poland, and some other Allies which encompassed Northern, Southern and Eastern Europe from 22 June 1941 to 9 May 1945... - Captain Ludwig GehreLudwig GehreLudwig Gehre was an officer and resistance fighter involved in the preparation of an assassination attempt against Hitler.-Life:...
- Major General Rudolf Christoph Freiherr von GersdorffRudolf Christoph Freiherr von GersdorffRudolf Christoph Freiherr von Gersdorff was a military officer in Germany’s Weimar-period Reichswehr and Nazi-period Wehrmacht. He attempted to assassinate Adolf Hitler by suicide bombing in March 1943; the plan failed but he was undetected. In April 1943 he discovered the mass graves of the...
(1905–1980), Chief of Intelligence for Field Marshal Günther von KlugeGünther von KlugeGünther Adolf Ferdinand “Hans” von Kluge was a German military leader. He was born in Posen into a Prussian military family. Kluge rose to the rank of Field Marshal in the Wehrmacht. He was also a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords...
, planned suicide bomb attack for 21 March 1943 - Eugen GerstenmaierEugen GerstenmaierEugen Karl Albrecht Gerstenmaier was a German Evangelical theologian, resistance fighter in the Third Reich, and a CDU politician...
(1906–1986), Consistory Councillor, subsequently Speaker of the BundestagBundestagThe Bundestag is a federal legislative body in Germany. In practice Germany is governed by a bicameral legislature, of which the Bundestag serves as the lower house and the Bundesrat the upper house. The Bundestag is established by the German Basic Law of 1949, as the successor to the earlier... - Hans Bernd GiseviusHans Bernd GiseviusHans Bernd Gisevius was a German diplomat and intelligence officer during World War II. A strong opponent of the Nazi regime, he served as a liaison in Zürich between Allen Dulles, station chief for the American OSS and the German Resistance forces in Germany.-Pre World War II:Gisevius was born...
(1904–1974), Diplomat - Erich Gloeden, Architect (born 23 August 1888 in Berlin); and Elisabeth Charlotte Gloeden, his wife, guillotined 30 November 1944, Plötzensee Prison.
- Dr. Carl Friedrich GoerdelerCarl Friedrich GoerdelerCarl Friedrich Goerdeler was a monarchist conservative German politician, executive, economist, civil servant and opponent of the Nazi regime...
(1884–1945), MayorMayorIn many countries, a Mayor is the highest ranking officer in the municipal government of a town or a large urban city....
of LeipzigLeipzigLeipzig Leipzig has always been a trade city, situated during the time of the Holy Roman Empire at the intersection of the Via Regia and Via Imperii, two important trade routes. At one time, Leipzig was one of the major European centres of learning and culture in fields such as music and publishing...
; arrested 12 August 1944 in Konradswalde; hanged 2 February 1945 - Fritz GoerdelerFritz GoerdelerFritz Hermann Goerdeler was a German jurist and resistance fighter. Goerdeler was born as the younger brother of Carl Friedrich Goerdeler in Schneidemühl and grew up in Marienwerder, where his father had taken office as a judge at the local court in 1890. Goerdeler studied law and worked as a...
, Municipal ChamberlainChamberlain (office)A chamberlain is an officer in charge of managing a household. In many countries there are ceremonial posts associated with the household of the sovereign....
and TreasurerTreasurerA treasurer is the person responsible for running the treasury of an organization. The adjective for a treasurer is normally "tresorial". The adjective "treasurial" normally means pertaining to a treasury, rather than the treasurer.-Government:...
of KönigsbergKönigsbergKönigsberg was the capital of East Prussia from the Late Middle Ages until 1945 as well as the northernmost and easternmost German city with 286,666 inhabitants . Due to the multicultural society in and around the city, there are several local names for it...
; brother of Carl Goerdeler, hanged February 1945 - Lieutenant Gereon Karl Goldmann (1916–2003) FranciscanFranciscanMost Franciscans are members of Roman Catholic religious orders founded by Saint Francis of Assisi. Besides Roman Catholic communities, there are also Old Catholic, Anglican, Lutheran, ecumenical and Non-denominational Franciscan communities....
novice, conveyed coded messages to the German delegation in Rome. - Colonel (General Staff) Helmuth Groscurth
- Nikolaus Gross, Journalist (1898–1945)
- Baron Karl Ludwig Freiherr von und zu GuttenbergKarl Ludwig Freiherr von und zu GuttenbergKarl Ludwig Freiherr von und zu Guttenberg The von Guttenberg family originates back to 1149 in Franconia in the southern part of Germany. Karl Ludwig Freiherr von und zu Guttenberg studied law and history in Munich and graduated in 1929...
(1902–1945) publisher of The White Pages from 1934, arranged the first meeting of Carl Goerdeler and Ulrich von Hassell in 1939, Counterintelligence under Admiral Canaris, arrested by the Gestapo after 20 July 1944, murdered 23–24 April 1945
H
- Max Habermann, Christian syndicate leader
- Baron Hans Bernd von HaeftenHans Bernd von HaeftenHans-Bernd August Gustav von Haeften was a German jurist and member of the German Resistance against Adolf Hitler....
, Official in the Foreign Office, executed 15 August 1944, Plötzensee prison - Lieutenant Werner von HaeftenWerner von Haeften- See also :* German Resistance* List of members of the July 20 plot...
(1908–1944); Adjutant to Claus Schenk Graf von StauffenbergClaus Schenk Graf von StauffenbergClaus Philipp Maria Justinian Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg commonly referred to as Claus Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg was a German army officer and Catholic aristocrat who was one of the leading members of the failed 20 July plot of 1944 to assassinate Adolf Hitler and remove the Nazi Party from...
and fellow conspirator. Executed 20 July 1944, by firing squad on orders of General Fromm - Syndic Albrecht von HagenAlbrecht von HagenAlbrecht von Hagen was a German jurist and a resistance fighter in the time of the Third Reich.- Life :Hagen was born in Langen, Pomerania , on the manor of the original East Brandenburg-Pomeranian noble family in which he was rooted...
(1904–1944) - Colonel Kurt Hahn
- Nikolaus-Christoph von Halem, Merchant (1905–1944)
- Eduard Hamm, Ministry Official (1879–1944)
- Colonel (General Staff) Georg HansenGeorg HansenColonel Georg Alexander Hansen was a German army officer and a member of the German resistance against Adolf Hitler's Nazi regime.-Early life:...
- Colonel (General Staff) Baron Bodo von Harbow
- Baron Ernst von Harnack, District President
- General-leutnant Paul von HasePaul von HaseKarl Paul Immanuel von Hase was a German career soldier and figured among the members of the resistance against Adolf Hitler's Nazi régime.-Biography:Hase was born in Hanover...
, Commander of 56. Infanterie-Division56th Infantry Division (Germany)-History and Organisation:The division was formed in 1939 in Dresden, in the second wave of mobilisation . After taking part in the Invasion of France in 1940, it spent the remainder of its existence on the Eastern Front, mostly with Army Group Centre...
and Commander of Berlin (1885–1944); among the first eight tried by the People's Court; hanged 8 August 1944 - Ulrich von HassellUlrich von HassellUlrich von Hassell was a German diplomat during World War II. A member of the German Resistance against German dictator Adolf Hitler, Hassell was executed in the aftermath of the failed July 20 plot.- Family :...
, German Ambassador to Italy (1881–1944); executed 8 September 1944 - Theodor HaubachTheodor HaubachTheodor Haubach was a German journalist, SPD politician, and resistance fighter against the Nazi régime....
, SDP Politician - Professor Albrecht-Georg HaushoferAlbrecht HaushoferAlbrecht Georg Haushofer was a German geographer, diplomat and author.Albrecht Haushofer's father was the retired General and geographer Karl Haushofer . His mother Martha . Albrecht had one brother, Heinz.Albrecht studied geography and history at Munich University...
; executed by firing squad at Gestapo prison, 23 April 1945 - Major (General Staff) Egbert HayessenEgbert HayessenEgbert Hayessen was a German resistance fighter in the struggle against Adolf Hitler, and a major in the army....
- Wolf-Heinrich Graf von HelldorfWolf-Heinrich Graf von HelldorfWolf-Heinrich Graf von Helldorf was a leading figure in the Nazi regime.-Early life:Helldorf was born in Merseburg, a landowner's son, Helldorf served as a lieutenant from 1915 in the First World War, and from 1918 was a member of the Prussian state assembly.-Berlin chief of police:Already by...
, Chief of the Berlin Police; executed 15 August 1944 at Plötzensee Prison - Major General Otto HerfurthOtto HerfurthOtto Herfurth was a highly decorated Generalmajor in the Wehrmacht during World War II. He was also a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross. The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership...
, Chief of StaffChief of StaffThe title, chief of staff, identifies the leader of a complex organization, institution, or body of persons and it also may identify a Principal Staff Officer , who is the coordinator of the supporting staff or a primary aide to an important individual, such as a president.In general, a chief of...
of the III Military District; collaborated with, then betrayed, conspirators; hanged - Andreas HermesAndreas HermesAndreas Hermes was a German Christian Democratic Union politician, agricultural scientist, Finance Minister of the Weimar Republic, and a member of the resistance to Nazism.- Life :...
, Finance MinisterFinance ministerThe finance minister is a cabinet position in a government.A minister of finance has many different jobs in a government. He or she helps form the government budget, stimulate the economy, and control finances...
of the Weimar RepublicWeimar RepublicThe Weimar Republic is the name given by historians to the parliamentary republic established in 1919 in Germany to replace the imperial form of government...
(1878–1964) - Colonel General Erich HoepnerErich HoepnerErich Hoepner was a German general in World War II. A successful panzer leader, Hoepner was executed after the failed 20 July Plot in 1944.- Life :Hoepner was born in Frankfurt an der Oder, Brandenburg...
, Commander of Panzergruppe 4 (1886–1944); among the first eight hanged, 8 August 1944 - Colonel Caesar von HofackerCaesar von HofackerCaesar von Hofacker was a German Lieutenant Colonel and member of the 20 July plot against Adolf Hitler....
(1896–1944); testimony led to execution of General Erwin Rommel - Major Roland von HößlinRoland von HößlinRoland-Heinrich von Hößlin, or Hösslin was a German Wehrmacht officer and resistance fighter in the time of the Third Reich....
- Wilhelm Konrad Hossë
- Otto Hübener, Director of the insurance brokers Jauch & Hübener, hanged 21, 22 or 23 April 1945
J
- Colonel Friedrich Gustav JaegerFriedrich Gustav JaegerFriedrich Gustav Jaeger was a resistance fighter in Nazi Germany and a member of the July 20 Plot.-Life:...
(1895–1944) - Max Jennewein, technician
- Professor Jens-Peter Jessen
- Hans JohnHans JohnHans John was a German lawyer and World War II resistance figure.Hans John was born in Ziegenhain, Hesse, and studied law at the University of Berlin. In 1939, he was hired as a legal assistant at the Aviation Law Institute in Berlin...
, Lawyer - Otto JohnOtto JohnOtto John was the first head of the West German Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution from 1950 to 1954...
(1909–1997), in 1954 while President of the Constitutional Protection, defected to East Germany.
K
- Hermann Kaiser, Grammar School Teacher
- Jakob KaiserJakob KaiserJakob Kaiser was a German politician and resistance leader during World War II.Jakob Kaiser was born in the Franconian town of Hammelburg. Following in his father’s footsteps, Kaiser began a career as a bookbinder...
, CDU co-founder and Chairmen of the Christian Democratic Union of Germany (DDR)Christian Democratic Union (East Germany)The Christian Democratic Union of Germany ) was an East German political party founded in 1945. It was part of the National Front with the Socialist Unity Party of Germany until 1989....
(1888–1961) - Franz Kempner, Retired Uinistry Official (Undersecretary of State)
- Albrecht von Kessel, Diplomat, Mission Adviser at the Vatican
- Otto KiepOtto KiepOtto Carl Kiep was the Chief of the Reich Press Office . He became involved with the resistance against the Nazis and was executed in 1944.-Life:...
, Envoy and Chief of the Reich Press Office (1886–1944), executed 23 August 1944, Plötzensee Prison - Georg Conrad Kißling, Farmer
- Lieutenant Colonel Bernhard Klamroth, executed 15 August 1944 by hanging, Plötzensee Prison
- Major Hans Georg KlamrothHans Georg KlamrothJohannes "Hans" Georg Klamroth was, by his knowledge of the plans through distant relatives and his son-in-law Lieutenant-Colonel Bernhard Klamroth, involved in the July 20 Plot to assassinate Adolf Hitler....
(1898–1944); executed 26 August 1944 by hanging, Plötzensee Prison - Captain Friedrich Karl KlausingFriedrich KlausingFriedrich Karl Klausing was a resistance fighter in Nazi Germany, and one of the July 20 Plotters.-Biography:Friedrich Klausing was born in Munich, Germany...
(1920–1944) - Ewald von Kleist-SchmenzinEwald von Kleist-SchmenzinEwald von Kleist-Schmenzin was a lawyer, a conservative politician, resistance fighter in Nazi Germany and a member of the July 20 Plot.- Biography :...
, Diplomat (1890–1945) Executed 16 April 1945 - Lieutenant Ewald-Heinrich von Kleist-SchmenzinEwald-Heinrich von Kleist-SchmenzinEwald-Heinrich von Kleist-Schmenzin is a former German Army officer and publisher. A member of the von Kleist family, his parents were active in the German resistance against Adolf Hitler and participated in the July 20 Plot...
Born in 1922, the last surviving member of 20 July plot. - Major Gerhard Knaack
- Dr. Hans KochHans KochHans Koch was a German lawyer, a member of the Confessional Church and a member of the German resistance against Nazism.- Biography :...
, lawyer (1893–1945) - Heinrich Körner, Union Leader
- Lieutenant Commander Alfred KranzfelderAlfred KranzfelderLieutenant Commander Alfred Kranzfelder was a German naval officer and a member of the German resistance against Adolf Hitler's Nazi regime....
- Richard Kuenzer, Councillor
- Major Joachim Kuhn, (1913–1994)
- Elise Auguste Kutznitzki, née von Liliencron
- Elizabeth Kuznitzky, guillotined 30 November 1944, Plötzensee Prison
L
- Lieutenant Colonel Fritz von der Lancken, Headmaster of a Boarding School
- Carl LangbehnCarl LangbehnCarl Langbehn was a German lawyer and member of the resistance to Nazism.He was born in Padang, Sumatra. During the Weimar Republic he was a members of the German People's Party. In 1933 he joined the Nazi Party, but during the 1930s he began to grow increasingly critical of the regime...
, Lawyer - Dr. Julius LeberJulius LeberJulius Leber was a German politician of the SPD and a member of the German Resistance against the Nazi régime.-Early life:...
, Social Democratic politician (1891–1945) - Count Heinrich Graf von Lehndorff-SteinortHeinrich Graf von Lehndorff-SteinortHeinrich Ahasverus Graf von Lehndorff-Steinort was a member of the July 20 Plot against Adolf Hitler.- Biography :...
, Landowner. Executed 4 September 1944 - Syndic Dr. Paul Lejeune-JungPaul Lejeune-JungPaul Adolf Franz Lejeune-Jung, was a German economist, politician, syndic in the pulp industry, and resistance fighter against Adolf Hitler's Third Reich.-Early life:Lejeune-Jung's roots were in an old Huguenot family in Berlin...
(1882–1944), executed 8 September 1944, Plötzensee prison - Major Ludwig Freiherr von LeonrodLudwig Freiherr von LeonrodLudwig Freiherr von Leonrod was a German officer who took part in the July 20 plot.Leonrod was born in Munich and joined the Weimar German Reichswehr on 1 April 1926 in the Cavalry Regiment 17 in Bamberg next to Claus von Stauffenberg.In World War II Leonrod was severely wounded in late 1941 and...
- Bernhard LetterhausBernhard LetterhausBernhard Letterhaus was a German Catholic Trade Unionist and member of the resistance to Nazism.He grew up in Barmen, Wuppertal and after an apprenticeship in a textile factory, he was an active member of the Association of Christian textile workers...
, Leader of the Catholic worker community (1894–1944) - Franz Leuninger, Former Secretary General of the Christian Metal Workers' Association
- Wilhelm LeuschnerWilhelm LeuschnerWilhelm Leuschner was a social-democratic politician who opposed the Third Reich....
, Minister for Internal Affairs of Hesse, executed 29 September 1944, Plötzensee prison - General of the ArtilleryGeneral of the Artillery (Germany)General of the artillery may mean:#a rank of general in the Imperial Army, Reichswehr or Wehrmacht - the second-highest regular rank below Generaloberst. Cavalry officers of equivalent rank were called general of the cavalry, and infantry officers of equivalent rank general of the infantry...
Fritz LindemannFritz LindemannGeneral Fritz Lindemann was a German Artillery officer and member of the resistance to Adolf Hitler.He was born in Charlottenburg, Berlin. After service in the World War I he was a temporary member of the German peace delegation in Versailles...
, Commander of 132. Infanterie-Division132nd Infantry Division (Germany)The 132nd Infantry Division was a German division in World War II. It was formed on 5 October 1940 in Landshut and was destroyed in the Courland Pocket in 1945.-Commanding officers:... - Colonel (General Staff) Ottfried von LinstowHans Otfried von LinstowHans Otfried von Linstow, was a German Colonel. He took part in the July 20 Plot to assassinate Adolf Hitler.-Early life:Born in Berlin, von Linstow joined the German military, Reichswehr, after the First World War....
- Paul LöbePaul LöbePaul Löbe was a German politician and member of the Social Democratic Party of Germany .-Life and career:...
(1875–1967) - Ewald LoeserEwald LoeserEwald Oskar Ludwig Loeser was a German lawyer, a board member of Krupp AG and a member of the resistance to Nazism....
(1888–1970) - Ferdinand Freiherr von LüninckFerdinand von LüninckFerdinand Joseph Meinolph Anton Maria Freiherr von Lüninck was a German landowner and officer.Born in Ostwig, Province of Westphalia, Ferdinand von Lüninck was married to Auguste Freiin von Gaugreben-Schönau, with whom he had two daughters and three sons.Ferdinand von Lüninck studied law and...
, Governor of Westphalia - Wilhelm Graf zu Lynar
M
- Hermann MaaßHermann MaaßHermann Maaß was a German member of the Resistance against the Nazi régime.-Biography:Maaß was born in Bromberg, Province of Posen, German Empire , he volunteered for the German Army in World War I and was wounded in a gas attack in 1918...
, Leading Social Democrat, executed 20 October 1944, Plötzensee Prison - Colonel Count Rudolf Graf von Marogna-RedwitzRudolf von Marogna-RedwitzRudolf Graf von Marogna-Redwitz was a Colonel of the Wehrmacht, member of the German Resistance in Nazi Germany and the July 20 Plot against Adolf Hitler at the Wolf's Lair in East Prussia.-Early life:...
, executed 12 October 1944, Plötzensee prison - Karl Marks, Merchant
- Michael Graf von MatuschkaMichael Graf von MatuschkaMichael Graf von Matuschka was a German politician who took part in the July 20 plot.- Biography :...
, District President, executed 14 September 1944, Plötzensee Prison - Colonel Joachim Meichßner, executed 29 September 1944, Plötzensee Prison
- Lieutenant Colonel (General Staff) Karl Michel
- Carlo Mierendorff, SPD (1897–1943)
- Joseph MüllerJoseph Müller (priest)Joseph Müller was a German Catholic priest and critic of the Nazi regime.He was born in Salmünster in Hessen. He was the youngest of seven children of a teacher Damien and his wife Augusta. Two of his brothers also became Roman Catholic priets. After repeating a political joke, he was arrested and...
, executed 11 September 1944, Brandenburg-Gőrden prison - Dr. Otto Müller, Prelate
- Herbert Mumm von Schwarzenstein, Legation Councillor
- Lieutenant Colonel Ernst Munziger
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- Arthur NebeArthur NebeSS-Gruppenführer Arthur Nebe was a member of the NSDAP party with card number 574,307. In July 1931, he joined the SS and his membership number was 280,152. His early career included the Berlin position of Police Commissioner in the 1920s...
, Head of the National Police, executed 2 March 1945, Plötzensee prison - Wilhelm zur Nieden, Local Government Building Officer, shot by Gestapo 23 April 1945
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- Major (General Staff) Hans-Ulrich von OertzenHans-Ulrich von OertzenHans Ulrich von Oertzen was a German officer who served in Army Group Centre of the Wehrmacht during World War II...
- General (Lieutenant General) Friedrich OlbrichtFriedrich OlbrichtGeneral Friedrich Olbricht was a German general and one of the plotters involved in the attempt to assassinate Adolf Hitler at the Wolfsschanze in East Prussia on 20 July 1944.-Early life:...
(1880–1944) Executed on orders of Colonel General Fromm, 20 July 1944 - Generalmajor (Brigadier General) Hans OsterHans OsterHans Oster was a German Army general, deputy head of the Abwehr under Wilhelm Canaris, and an opponent of Adolf Hitler and Nazism. He was a leading figure of the German resistance from 1938 to 1943.-Early career:...
hanged at Flossenburg with Admiral Canaris, 9 April 1945
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- Friedrich Justus Perels, Legal Advisor of the Confessing ChurchConfessing ChurchThe Confessing Church was a Protestant schismatic church in Nazi Germany that arose in opposition to government-sponsored efforts to nazify the German Protestant church.-Demographics:...
- Erwin PlanckErwin PlanckErwin Planck was a German politician, and a resistance fighter in the Third Reich.Born in Berlin, Erwin Planck was theoretical physicist Max Planck's and his first wife's fourth child. After his Abitur in 1911, Planck went into the military and pursued a career as an officer...
, Former Undersecretary of State (Max PlanckMax PlanckMax Karl Ernst Ludwig Planck, ForMemRS, was a German physicist who actualized the quantum physics, initiating a revolution in natural science and philosophy. He is regarded as the founder of the quantum theory, for which he received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1918.-Life and career:Planck came...
's son) - Kurt Freiherr von PlettenbergHouse of PlettenbergThe House of Plettenberg is a Westphalian noble family of the Uradel. It dates back at least to 1187, when Heidolphus de Plettenbrath was mentioned in a document by Philip I...
, PlenipotentiaryPlenipotentiaryThe word plenipotentiary has two meanings. As a noun, it refers to a person who has "full powers." In particular, the term commonly refers to a diplomat fully authorized to represent his government as a prerogative...
of the former Royal House of PrussiaHouse of HohenzollernThe House of Hohenzollern is a noble family and royal dynasty of electors, kings and emperors of Prussia, Germany and Romania. It originated in the area around the town of Hechingen in Swabia during the 11th century. They took their name from their ancestral home, the Burg Hohenzollern castle near...
(31 January 1891 – 10 March 1945; suicide in Gestapo arrest) - Dr. Johannes PopitzJohannes PopitzJohannes Popitz was a Prussian finance minister and a member of the German Resistance against Nazi Germany.- Life :...
, Prussian Minister of Finance; executed 2 February 1945, Plőtzensee prison
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- Colonel Baron Albrecht Mertz von QuirnheimAlbrecht Mertz von QuirnheimAlbrecht Ritter Mertz von Quirnheim was a German officer and a resistance fighter in Nazi Germany involved in the 20 July plot against Adolf Hitler.-Biography:...
(1905–1944) Executed on orders of Colonel General Fromm, 20 July 1944
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- Cuno Raabe, Lawyer (1888–1971)
- General Friedrich von RabenauFriedrich von RabenauFriedrich von Rabenau was a German career-soldier, general, theologian, and opponent of National Socialism.- Biography :Rabenau was born in Berlin to the physician Friedrich von Rabenau and Wally, née Noebel...
, executed 15 April 1945, Flossenbŭrg concentration camp - Lieutenant Colonel (General Staff) Karl Ernst Rathgens
- Professor Adolf ReichweinAdolf ReichweinAdolf Reichwein was a German educator, economist, and cultural policymaker for the SPD. He was also a resistance fighter in Nazi Germany.-Biography:...
, Leading Social Democrat, executed 20 October 1944, Plőtzensee prison - Colonel Baron Alexis Freiherr von Roenne, executed 12 October 1944, Plőtzensee prison
- Generalfeldmarschall Erwin Johannes Eugen Rommel, 14 October 1944, believed to have had knowledge of the plot even if no direct involvement, forced suicide by Hitler
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- Karl SackKarl SackKarl Sack was a German jurist and member of the resistance movement during World War II....
, Judge Advocate General of the Army (1896–1945) executed 9 April, Flossenbürg concentration camp - Lieutenant Colonel (General Staff) Joachim SadrozinskiJoachim SadrozinskiJoachim Sadrozinski was a German officer who took part in the July 20 plot.Sadrozinski was born in Tilsit, East Prussia and joined the Weimar German Reichswehr as an officer's cadet in April 1926. He was detached to the military Academy in Berlin in April 1939 and later fought in the Second World...
- Anton SaefkowAnton SaefkowAnton Emil Hermann Saefkow was a German Communist and a resistance fighter against the Nazi régime.-Early life:...
- Major Count Hans-Viktor Graf von Salviati
- First Lieutenant Fabian von SchlabrendorffFabian von SchlabrendorffFabian Ludwig Georg Adolf Kurt von Schlabrendorff , was a German jurist, soldier and member of the resistance against Adolf Hitler....
, after the war Member of the Federal Constitutional Court (1907–1980) - Professor Rüdiger SchleicherRüdiger SchleicherRüdiger Schleicher was a German resistance fighter against the Nazi régime.Born in Stuttgart, Schleicher was married to Ursula Bonhoeffer , Karl Bonhoeffer's daughter and Dietrich and Klaus Bonhoeffer's sister...
, shot on 23 April 1945, Berlin - Ernst Wilhelm Schneppenhorst, former Minister of WarMinistry of War (Kingdom of Bavaria)The Ministry of War was a ministry for military affairs of the Kingdom of Bavaria, founded as Ministerium des Kriegswesens on October 1, 1808 by King Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria. It was located at Ludwigstraße in Munich...
- Friedrich Scholz-Babisch, Farmer, executed 13 October 1944, Plötzensee prison
- Colonel Hermann Schöne
- Lieutenant Colonel Werner SchraderWerner SchraderWerner Schrader was a German military officer involved in the 20 July plot, a coup d'état attempting to assassinate Adolf Hitler.-Early life:...
- Count Friedrich Werner Graf von der SchulenburgFriedrich Werner von der SchulenburgFriedrich-Werner Graf von der Schulenburg was a German diplomat who served as the last German ambassador to the Soviet Union before Operation Barbarossa. He began his diplomatic career before World War I, serving as consul and ambassador in several countries...
, German Ambassador to Soviet Union. Executed 10 November 1944 - Count Fritz-Dietlof Graf von der SchulenburgFritz-Dietlof von der SchulenburgFritz-Dietlof Graf von der Schulenburg-Tressow was a German government official and a member of the German Resistance in the July 20 Plot against Adolf Hitler.-Personal development:...
, district president. Hanged 10 August 1944 - Colonel (General Staff) Georg Schultze-Büttger
- Ludwig SchwambLudwig SchwambLudwig Schwamb was a social-democratic jurist and politician who fought against the Nazi dictatorship in Germany as a member of the Kreisau Circle motivated by his Christian beliefs, and as a close colleague of Wilhelm Leuschner, which led to his execution as a resistance fighter.Ludwig Schwamb...
, Leading Social Democrat, executed 23 January 1945, Plötzensee prison - Count Ulrich Wilhelm Graf Schwerin von SchwanenfeldUlrich Wilhelm Graf Schwerin von SchwanenfeldUlrich-Wilhelm Graf Schwerin von Schwanenfeld was a German landowner, officer, and resistance fighter against the Nazi régime.- Biography :...
, Landowner - Hans-Ludwig Sierks, Local Government Building Officer
- Lieutenant Colonel (General Staff) Günther SmendGünther SmendGünther Smend was a German officer and a member of the resistance involved in the July 20 Plot to assassinate Adolf Hitler.- Life :...
, executed 8 September 1944, Plötzensee prison - General Hans SpeidelHans SpeidelHans Speidel: Born in Metzingen, was a German general during World War II and the first German NATO Commander during the Cold War.- 1914–1945 :...
, Rommel's Chief of StaffChief of StaffThe title, chief of staff, identifies the leader of a complex organization, institution, or body of persons and it also may identify a Principal Staff Officer , who is the coordinator of the supporting staff or a primary aide to an important individual, such as a president.In general, a chief of...
, later Commander of NATO Ground Forces (1897–1984) - Franz Sperr, legate, executed 23 January 1945, Plötzensee prison
- Colonel Wilhelm Staehle
- Count Berthold Schenk von Stauffenberg (1905–1944), Lawyer and brother of Colonel Claus von Stauffenberg, hanged 10 August 1944
- Count Claus Schenk von Stauffenberg (1907–1944), Colonel (General Staff) and brother of Berthold Schenk von Stauffenberg, shot at BendlerblockBendlerblockThe Bendlerblock is a building in Berlin, located on the Stauffenbergstraße , south of the Tiergarten. The building was erected between 1911 and 1914 for the Imperial German Navy Offices. During the Weimar Republic it served as the seat of the Reichswehr command and the Ministry of Defence...
- Colonel (General Staff) Hans-Joachim Freiherr von Steinaecker
- Major General Helmuth StieffHelmuth StieffHelmuth Stieff was a German general and a member of the OKH during World War II. He took part in attempts by the German resistance to assassinate Hitler, on July 7 and on July 20, 1944....
, executed 8 August 1944, Plötzensee prison - Theodor StrünckTheodor StrünckTheodor Strünck was a German lawyer and resistance worker, involved in the July 20 plot.-Life:...
, iLawyer - Colonel General Carl-Heinrich von StülpnagelCarl-Heinrich von StülpnagelCarl-Heinrich von Stülpnagel, was a German general and a member of the July 20 Plot to assassinate Adolf Hitler.-Early life:...
(1886–1944), executed 30 August 1944, Plötzensee prison - Major Carl SzokollCarl SzokollCarl Szokoll was an Austrian resistance fighter involved in the July 20 Plot, major in the Wehrmacht, and, after the war, author and film producer.-Early life:...
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- Lieutenant Colonel Gustav Tellgmann
- Elisabeth von ThaddenElisabeth von ThaddenElisabeth Adelheid Hildegard von Thadden was a German educator who founded a private school that now bears her name, and an outspoken critic of the Nazi régime...
, headmistress of a boarding school, executed 8 September 1944 Plötzensee Prison - Lieutenant General Fritz ThieleFritz ThieleGeneral Fritz Thiele was a member of the German resistance who served as the communications chief of the German Army during World War II.Thiele was born in Berlin and joined the Imperial Army in 1914...
, executed 4 September 1944, Plötzensee prison - Major Busso ThomaBusso ThomaBusso Thoma was a salesman.Thoma was born in St. Blasien-Immeneich, Black Forest. In 1939, he became a consultant on the staff of the General Army Office , where, as a Major, he later became an accessory to the July 20 Plot to assassinate German dictator Adolf Hitler.On 14 September 1944, Thoma...
, executed 23 January 1945, Plötzensee prison - General Georg ThomasGeorg ThomasGeorg Thomas was a German general and a resistance fighter in the Third Reich. He was also heavily involved in the planning and carrying out of the economic exploitation of the Soviet Union, including in particular the Hunger Plan.- Career summary :Thomas was born in Forst , Brandenburg...
- General Karl Freiherr von ThüngenKarl Freiherr von ThüngenLieutenant General Karl Freiherr von Thüngen was a German army officer who was the inspector of the army in Berlin andwas executed after the failed July 20 Plot in 1944....
- Lieutenant Colonel Gerd von Tresckow
- Major General Henning von TresckowHenning von TresckowGeneralmajor Herrmann Karl Robert "Henning" von Tresckow was a Major General in the German Wehrmacht who organized German resistance against Adolf Hitler. He attempted to assassinate Hitler in March 1943 and drafted the Valkyrie plan for a coup against the German government...
(1901–1944), suicide 21 July 1944 - Adam von Trott zu SolzAdam von Trott zu SolzAdam von Trott zu Solz was a German lawyer and diplomat who was involved in the conservative opposition to the Nazi regime, and who played a central part in the 20 July Plot...
, Legation Councillor, executed 26 August 1944, Plötzensee prison
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- Colonel (retired) Nikolaus Graf von Üxküll-Gyllenband, 14 September 1944, Plötzensee prison
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- Fritz Voigt, Police President of Breslau, executed 1 March 1945, Plötzensee prison
- Lieutenant Colonel Hans-Alexander von Voss
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- General quartermaster of the army Eduard WagnerEduard WagnerGeneral Eduard Wagner was a German Artillery officer who was the quartermaster-general of the German Army and a member of the resistance to Adolf Hitler....
- Colonel Siegfried Wagner
- Chaplain Hermann Josef WehrleHermann Josef WehrleHermann Josef Wehrle was a German Catholic priest who was killed after the July 20 plot.Wehrle was born in Nuremberg and was drafted into the German Army in World War I. On 10 December 1918 he joined the Catholic Priest seminary at Fulda but quit soon and began to study Philosophy and catholic...
, executed 14 September 1944, Plötzensee Prison - Carl WentzelCarl WentzelCarl Wentzel-Teutschenthal was a German farmer and agricultural contractor. He was executed at Plötzensee Prison in Berlin following the 20 July plot to assassinate Adolf Hitler.-External links:*...
, executed 20 December 1944, Plötzensee Prison - Joachim von WillisenJoachim von WillisenJoachim Freiherr von Willisen was a German public official and member of the Resistance against the Nazi régime.-Biography:...
, forester - Josef WirmerJosef WirmerJosef Wirmer was a German jurist and resistance fighter against the Nazi régime.- Life :Born in Paderborn, Josef Wirmer was from a Catholic family of teachers. His father was a Gymnasium headmaster. After his Abitur in Warburg he studied law in Freiburg and Berlin...
, Lawyer, executed 8 September 1944, Plötzensee Prison - Oswald Wiersich, Labour Union Leader, executed 1 March 1945, Plötzensee Prison
- Field Marshal Erwin von WitzlebenErwin von WitzlebenJob-Wilhelm Georg Erdmann Erwin von Witzleben was a German army officer and in the Second World War an Army commander and a conspirator in the July 20 Plot.-Early years:...
; executed 8 August 1944, Plötzensee Prison
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- Peter Yorck von WartenburgPeter Yorck von WartenburgPeter Graf Yorck von Wartenburg was a German jurist and a member of the German Resistance against Nazism.-Biography:...
, Ministry Official, executed 8 August 1944, Plötzensee Prison
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- General Gustav Heistermann von ZiehlbergGustav Heistermann von ZiehlbergGustav Dietrich Adolf Heistermann von Ziehlberg was a highly decorated Generalleutnant in the Wehrmacht during World War II. He was also a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross...
, Commander of 28. Jäger-Division28th Jäger Division (Germany)The 28th Jäger Division was a German military unit during World War II.-Background:The main purpose of the German Jäger Divisions was to fight in adverse terrain where smaller, coordinated units were...