List of Dacian words - AbsoluteAstronomy.com

This is a list of Romanian words believed by some scholars to be of Dacian

Dacian language

The extinct Dacian language may have developed from proto-Indo-European in the Carpathian region around 2,500 BC and probably died out by AD 600. In the 1st century AD, it was the predominant language of the ancient regions of Dacia and Moesia and, possibly, of some surrounding regions.It belonged...

origin and thus belonging to the Eastern Romance substratum

Eastern Romance substratum

The Eastern Romance languages developed from the Proto-Romanian language, which in turn developed from the Vulgar Latin spoken in a region of the Balkans which has not yet been exactly determined, but is generally agreed to have been a region north of the Jireček Line.That there was...

. The list does not include the Dacian plant names, collected by Dioscorides

Pedanius Dioscorides

Pedanius Dioscorides was a Greek physician, pharmacologist and botanist, the author of a 5-volume encyclopedia about herbal medicine and related medicinal substances , that was widely read for more than 1,500 years.-Life:...

and Pseudo-Apuleius

Pseudo-Apuleius

Pseudo-Apuleius refers to the author of a Herbarium or De herbarum virtutibus, also referred as Herbarium Apuleii Platonici; it is a medical herbal of the 5th century....

.

The Sources column indicates the linguist(s) or the works who suggested including the words in the list:

"Hasdeu": Bogdan Petriceicu Hasdeu
Bogdan Petriceicu Hasdeu
Bogdan Petriceicu Hasdeu was a Romanian writer and philologist, who pioneered many branches of Romanian philology and history. Hasdeu is considered to have been able to understand 26 languages .-Life:...

, Etymologicum Magnum Romaniae.
"Russu": Ion I. Russu, Limba traco-dacilor, published in 1967 at Editura Ştiințifică. The words that have been identified by I. I. Russu to have cognates in Albanian
Albanian language
Albanian is an Indo-European language spoken by approximately 7.6 million people, primarily in Albania and Kosovo but also in other areas of the Balkans in which there is an Albanian population, including western Macedonia, southern Montenegro, southern Serbia and northwestern Greece...

are marked with (Alb.).
"Vraciu": Ariton Vraciu, Limba daco-geților, published in 1980 at Editura Facla, Timişoara.
"NODEX": Noul dicționar explicativ al limbii române (The New Dictionary of the Romanian Language), Litera Internațional Publishing House, 2002. In this dictionary substratum words are labeled cuvînt autohton (native word).
"Olteanu": Sorin Olteanu, "The TDM Palatal".
"Ciorănescu": Alexandru Ciorănescu, "Dicționarul etimologic român" published by Universidad de la Laguna, Tenerife, 1958–1966

The Notes column contains information found in various dictionaries. "Not in current use" indicates words not found in dictionaries of contemporary Romanian.

Word / Name	English	Sources	Notes
abeș	?	Hasdeu, Vraciu	Not in current use. Dacian: *abhesya.
Abrud	Abrud Abrud Abrud is a town in the north-western part of Alba County, Transylvania, Romania, located on the river Abrud. It administers three villages: Abrud-Sat, Gura Cornei and Soharu.-Population:...	Hasdeu	Place name in Romania.
abur	steam, vapour	Hasdeu, Russu (Alb.), Vraciu	Cf. Albanian avull (steam). Dacian: abhula. PIE: h₂ep-h₃ṇ-lo-
acăța	to hang, to catch	Russu	Alternative etymology: Latin accaptiāre (to catch) It is difficult to explain the phonetic (pt>t) that gave this derivation from Latin accaptiāre. The current Romanian form is agăța,acăța that comes from the same mentioned Latin word. Acăț name of acacia tree used in Ardeal region.
adămană		Vraciu	Not in current use.
ademeni	to tempt, to lure	Hasdeu	Cf. Hungarian adomány (gift, grant).
adia	to breeze gently	Russu	Alternative etymology: Latin *adiliare. Current form: adia.
aghiuță	devil	Hasdeu	Cf. Greek άγιος ágios (saint).
aidoma	alike, identical	Hasdeu	Alternative etymology: from Slavic vidomŭ (visible).
alac	Einkorn wheat Einkorn wheat thumbnail\|150px\|left\|Wild einkorn, Karadag, central TurkeyEinkorn wheat can refer either to the wild species of wheat, Triticum boeoticum , or to the domesticated form, Triticum monococcum... (Triticum monococcum)	Hasdeu	Cf. Hungarian alakor (possibly from Romanian). Alternative etymology: Latin alica (spelt) Other possible origins: Albanian akuë or Albanian lakër (greenery) of Greek origin.
ală	a monster that unleashes storms	Hasdeu	Alternative form: hală; alternative etymology: Bulgarian, Slavic (h)ala
aldea	?	Hasdeu
ameți	to make/get dizzy	Russu	Alternative etymology: Latin ammatteāre (to bludgeon) or ammitĕre.
amurg	twilight, dusk	Russu	See murg below.
anina	to hang, to hook	Russu	Alternative etymology: Latin annināre (to swing) or allevinare.
aprig	fiery, hot-blooded	Russu	Alternative etymology: Latin aprīcus (warm) or *apricus from aper (wild boar).
argea	loom (or particular boards of a loom)	Hasdeu, Russu (Alb.), Vraciu
Argeș	Argeș	Hasdeu	Place name, river name.
arunca	to throw, to cast	Russu	Alternative etymology: Latin eruncare (to weed out).
azugă	?	Hasdeu	Not in current use (see also Azuga Azuga Azuga is a small resort town nestled in the mountains of Prahova county in the Wallachian region of Romania. Azuga is located at the foot of the Bucegi mountains, and contains the longest ski run in Romania, the Sorica - together with other ski slopes... , a town in the Prahova County Prahova County Prahova is a county of Romania, in the historical region Muntenia, with the capital city at Ploieşti.-Demographics:In 2002, it had a population of 829,945 and the population density was 176/km². It is Romania's most populated county, having a population density double than the country's mean... )
baci	(chief) shepherd	Hasdeu, Russu (Alb.), Vraciu	Cf. Hungarian bácsi (uncle). Compare Bulgarian бачо (bacho/bacio). Also Cf. Albanian bacë (father). This word can not be explained by the mentioned languages. Since it is found in all Slavic languages surrounding Romania, it could indicate a Romanian origin, since only Romanian was directly linked to all of them
baier, baieră	rope, belt; coin necklace; talisman; bail (handle)	Russu	Alternative etymology: Latin baiulus (a porter).
baligă	dung, manure	Russu (Alb.)	Cf. Albanian bajgë (same meaning).
baltă	pool, puddle	Russu (Alb.)	Cf. Albanian baltë (mud, soil) and Serbian blato (mud).
bară	marsh	Hasdeu	Alternative etymology: Serbian bara (?)
Barbă-cot	"Cot" (lit: elbow) represented a unit for measuring length, equal to the length of the average fore-arm; "Barbă" = beard. "Barbă-cot" = dwarf-like fairy-tale character sporting a disproportionately long beard	Hasdeu
barză	stork (Ciconia ciconia)	Hasdeu, Russu, Vraciu, Olteanu	Cf. Albanian barth, feminine bardhë (white).
bască	beret	Hasdeu, Russu (Alb.)
batal	wether (castrated ram Domestic sheep Sheep are quadrupedal, ruminant mammals typically kept as livestock. Like all ruminants, sheep are members of the order Artiodactyla, the even-toed ungulates. Although the name "sheep" applies to many species in the genus Ovis, in everyday usage it almost always refers to Ovis aries... )	Hasdeu	Alternative etymology: Turkish battal (useless) from Arabic batal (to mutilate), which also gave Spanish baldar (cripple). Also Cf. Albanian batal and Bulgarian батал (useless).
bălaur balaur	dragon, monster	Hasdeu, Russu (Alb.), Vraciu	Cf. Albanian bollë (snake) and Serbian blavor (slowworm).
băga	to insert, to thrust	Russu	Alternative etymology: Latin bīgāre, from bis (twice) + iuga.
băiat	boy	Russu
bălan	blond (person), white-haired (animal)	Hasdeu	Ennodius and Procopius Procopius Procopius of Caesarea was a prominent Byzantine scholar from Palestine. Accompanying the general Belisarius in the wars of the Emperor Justinian I, he became the principal historian of the 6th century, writing the Wars of Justinian, the Buildings of Justinian and the celebrated Secret History... both seem to have absorbed the word balan ‘ a piebald horse’ from north of Danube. Alternative etymology: Gothic bala with borrowed forms in Balkan languages (given by Loewe) and in Romance languages (given by Suchier) Slavic bĕlŭ (white)
beregată	throat, larynx	Russu	Cf. Serbian berikat (?). Alternative etymology: Latin verucata, from veruca.
bîr	Sheep (Not in current use), Preserved as interjection, a call for the sheep to come	Vraciu	Albanian berr ‘a sheep’. An archaic word, PIE origin cf. Czech beran ‘ram’, Polish, Ukrainian and Russian baran, dial. Italian bero ‘ram’, dial. French berri ‘ram’, Basque barra, Latin berbex. The Romanian form cannot be borrowed. See also oiţă bîrsană ‘a specific sheep with long and soft fleece’
bîrsă	a piece of wood or iron that binds together the coulter, the share Ploughshare A ploughshare or plowshare is a component of a plough or plow.Ploughshare or Plowshare may also refer to:* Operation Plowshare, United States project to use nuclear explosives for civilian purposes* vomer, facial bone in the human skull... and mouldboard of a plough Plough The plough or plow is a tool used in farming for initial cultivation of soil in preparation for sowing seed or planting. It has been a basic instrument for most of recorded history, and represents one of the major advances in agriculture... (the plough Plough The plough or plow is a tool used in farming for initial cultivation of soil in preparation for sowing seed or planting. It has been a basic instrument for most of recorded history, and represents one of the major advances in agriculture... beam?)	NODEX	Cf. Albanian vërz (plane (tool) Plane (tool) A hand plane is a tool for shaping wood. When powered by electricity, the tool may be called a planer. Planes are used to flatten, reduce the thickness of, and impart a smooth surface to a rough piece of lumber or timber. Planing is used to produce horizontal, vertical, or inclined flat surfaces on... ?), Slovenian brdce (piece of wood holding a trawl), and Moravian Czech language Czech is a West Slavic language with about 12 million native speakers; it is the majority language in the Czech Republic and spoken by Czechs worldwide. The language was known as Bohemian in English until the late 19th century... brdce (piece of wood across the main shaft of a carriage).
boare	breeze	Russu	Albanian: borë (snow); Alternative etymology: Latin boreas (the north wind).
bordei	(buried or half-buried) hut	Hasdeu, Russu
bortă	hole, hollow, archway	Hasdeu	Cf. Ukrainian bort.
brad (archaic form *bradzŭ)	fir (any tree of genus Abies)	Hasdeu, Russu (Alb.), Olteanu	Cf. Albanian bradh or bredh (same meaning).
brîndușă	crocus, primula (Crocus heuffelianus and other similar flowers)	Russu	Cf. Bulgarian brenduška and Serbian brnduša.
brînză	cheese	Hasdeu, Russu, Vraciu	It spawned German German language German is a West Germanic language, related to and classified alongside English and Dutch. With an estimated 90 – 98 million native speakers, German is one of the world's major languages and is the most widely-spoken first language in the European Union.... :de:Brinsenkäse, Slavic :ru:брынза, and bryndza Bryndza Bryndza is a sheep milk cheese made in Central and Eastern Europe. Recipes differ slightly across the countries.-Etymology:Brânză or brînză is the generic word for "cheese" in Romanian, there is no special type of cheese associated with it... in Slovak Slovak language Slovak , is an Indo-European language that belongs to the West Slavic languages .Slovak is the official language of Slovakia, where it is spoken by 5 million people... and Polish Polish language Polish is a language of the Lechitic subgroup of West Slavic languages, used throughout Poland and by Polish minorities in other countries...
brîu	belt, waist	Russu (Alb.)	Cf. Albanian bres or brezi
brusture	bur (large-leafed plant, Lappa)	Russu (Alb.)
bucura (verb) bucuros (adj.)	(to be) glad, to enjoy	Russu (Alb.)	Cf. Albanian zbukuroj (beautify) bukurosh (handsome).
buiestru	pace (a horse gait Horse gait Horse gaits are the various ways in which a horse can move, either naturally or as a result of specialized training by humans.-Classification:... )	Russu
bunget	thick and dark forest	Hasdeu, Russu (Alb.), Vraciu	Cf. Albanian bunk.
burghiu	drilling bit	Hasdeu	Alternative etymology: Turkish burgu (gimlet, corkscrew), Serbo-Croatian burgija
burlan	spout, water pipe	Russu	Cf. Turkish burgu (pipe, trumpet).
burtă	belly, stomach	Russu	Cf. Albanian barku (same meaning).
burtucă	?	Hasdeu	Not in current use.
burtuș	?	Hasdeu	Not in current use.
butuc	log, stump	Russu	Alternative etymology: Latin *bottum (blunt and snout), Cuman Cuman language Cuman was a Kipchak Turkic language spoken by the Cumans and Kipchaks; the language was similar to the today's Crimean Tatar language... butak (branch), or Turkish buduk (short-legged). Cf. Hungarian butuk.
butură	log, stump	Russu	Probably a similar etymology with butuc.
buză	lip	Russu (Alb.)	Cf. Albanian buzë (same meaning). Similar in Bulgarian but the meaning is shfited into cheek.
caier	tuft of wool, etc. to be spun	Russu	Alternative etymology: Latin *caiulus.
cață	long stick ending with a hook, used by shepherds	Russu	See acăța above. Cf. Albanian cita (weaving sticks)
căciulă	brimless hat	Russu (Alb.)	Albanian kësul'ë (same meaning). Similar in Bulgarian, meaning hood.
căpușă	tick Tick Ticks are small arachnids in the order Ixodida, along with mites, constitute the subclass Acarina. Ticks are ectoparasites , living by hematophagy on the blood of mammals, birds, and sometimes reptiles and amphibians...	Russu (Alb.)	Cf. Albanian këpushë (same meaning).
căpută	upper side of a foot; footwear covering it	Russu (Alb.)	Cf. Albanian këpucë (shoe) or këputë (sole of a foot); Alternative etymology: Slavic kopyto > Romanian copită (hoof), Slavic kopytĭce, Hungarian kapta (last Last A last is a form in the approximate shape of a human foot, used by shoemakers and cordwainers in the manufacture and repair of shoes. Lasts typically come in pairs, and throughout their history have been made from many materials, including hardwoods, cast iron, and, more recently, high density... )
cătun	hamlet	Russu (Alb.)	Cf. Albanian katund (village), Serbian katun (summer pasture).
cioară	crow	Hasdeu, Vraciu	Cf. Albanian sorrë (same meaning).
cioban	shepherd	Hasdeu	Cf. Turkish çoban (same meaning).
cioc	beak	Hasdeu, Vraciu	Cf. Albanian çok (hammer, knuckle). Compare with the Bulgarian word човка (chovka/ciovca) with the same meaning (bill, beak).
ciocîrlie	skylark	Hasdeu	Derived from cioc, see above.
ciomag	club, cudgel	Hasdeu	Cf. Turkish çomak (same meaning), Cf. Albanian çomage (big hammer)
cîrlan	sheep or goat weanling; colt, foal	Russu
cîrlig	hook	Russu	Cf. Bulgarian кърлик kărlik (?).
codru	wide old forest	Hasdeu, Vraciu	Alternative etymology: Latin *quodrum (from quadrum (a square), Cf. Albanian koder (hill)
copac	tree	Russu (Alb.)	Cf. Albanian kopaçe (big piece of wood).
copil	child	Russu	Cf. Albanian kopil (bastard), Serbian and Bulgarian kopile (bastard).
creț	curly; curly haired	Russu
cruța	to pardon, to spare	Russu (Alb.)
cujbă	Y-shaped piece of wood used to hold the kettle over the fire	Hasdeu
culbec	snail	Hasdeu	Variant: cubelc.
curma	to tighten (a rope); to cut, stop	Russu (Alb.)	Cf. Albanian kurmue.
curpăn	vine, twining stem	Russu (Alb.)	Cf. Albanian kurpen (?).
cursă	trap, snare	Russu (Alb.), Olteanu	Cf. Albanian kurth (same meaning).
custură	blade, knife edge, knife	Russu	Possible etymology: Romanian cuţit (knife) + the suffix tură
darari	?	Russu	Not in current use.
daș	ram	Russu (Alb.)	Albanian: dash (same meaning).
dărîma	to demolish, to knock down	Russu (Alb.)	Cf. Albanian: dërrmoj (same meaning) Alternative etymology: Latin *deramare.
deh	?	Hasdeu	Not in current use.
deretica	to tidy up	Russu	Alternative etymology: Latin *deradicare (to root out).
descăța	to unhook	Russu	des-căța
descurca	to disentangle	Russu	Antonym of încurca, see below.
desghina	to divide, to separate	Russu	current: dezbina
dezbăra	to break from a bad habit, to rid	Russu
dezgauc	?	Hasdeu
doină	Romanian lyrical folk song	Hasdeu, Vraciu	Cf. Latvian and Lithuanian daina Daina (disambiguation) Daina may refer to:Daina , Latvian folksongDaina , Lithuanian folksong*Daina , Lithuanian cultural organization that functioned in... (song, traditional form of Baltic music and poetry).
don	?	Hasdeu
dop	cork, plug	Russu	Cf. Saxon Transylvanian Saxons The Transylvanian Saxons are a people of German ethnicity who settled in Transylvania from the 12th century onwards.The colonization of Transylvania by Germans was begun by King Géza II of Hungary . For decades, the main task of the German settlers was to defend the southeastern border of the... dop.
droaie	crowd, large number (of people or animals)	Russu	Cf. Albanian droe or droje (shyness from the crowd ).
dulău	mastiff	Hasdeu, Vraciu	Alternative etymology: Polish dolow or dolaw.
fărîmă	crumb, fragment	Russu (Alb.)	Cf. Albanian thërrime (same meaning).
gard	fence	Russu (Alb.)	Cf. Albanian gardh (same meaning) and old Slavic gradŭ.
gata	ready, done	Russu (Alb.)	Cf. Albanian gati (same meaning).
gălbează	fascioliasis Fascioliasis Fasciolosis also known as Fascioliasis, Fasciolasis, distomatosis and liver rot, is an important helminth disease caused by two trematodes Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica. This disease belongs to the plant-borne trematode zoonoses. In Europe, the Americas and Oceania only F...	Russu (Alb.)	Cf. Albanian gëlbazë, këlbazë (phlegm).
genune	abyss	Hasdeu, Russu	Alternative etymology: Latin *gyro.
gheară	claw, talon	Russu	Alternative etymology: 1. Latin ungularis (claw, talon) → înghiare → în ghiare (in [its] claws); 2. Romanian unghioară (small fingernail) → înghiară. Cf. Albanian dorë (arm, clutches, fist, flipper, hand, handful, mitt, palm, quality), darë (nippers, pincers, pinchers), çjerr (clapperclaw, lacerate, scratch, tear up), grric or gervish (scratch)
ghes	a poke, a goad	Russu
ghimpe	thorn	Russu (Alb.)	Cf. Albanian gjëmp, gjemb (same meaning).
ghiob	cheese barrel	Hasdeu	Cf. Hungarian döböny (?).
ghionoaie	woodpecker	Russu (Alb.)	Cf. Albanian gjon (night bird).
ghiont	a nudge, a poke	Russu
ghiuj	old, decrepit man	Hasdeu, Vraciu	Cf. Albanian gjysh (grandfather).
gîde	executioner	Hasdeu
gîdel	?	Hasdeu
gordin	Romanian kind of grapes used in winemaking	Hasdeu
gorun	Sessile oak Sessile Oak Quercus petraea , the Sessile Oak, also known as the Durmast Oak, is a species of oak native to most of Europe, and into Anatolia.-Description:... (Quercus petraea)	Russu	Alternative etymology: Bulgarian горун gorun (same meaning).
grapă	harrow Harrow (tool) In agriculture, a harrow is an implement for breaking up and smoothing out the surface of the soil. In this way it is distinct in its effect from the plough, which is used for deeper tillage. Harrowing is often carried out on fields to follow the rough finish left by ploughing operations...	Russu (Alb.)	Cf. Albanian grep, gërepë (fishing rod, [its] hook).
gresie	sandstone, whetstone	Russu (Alb.)	Cf. Albanian gëresë (?).
groapă	hole, pit	Russu (Alb.)	Cf. Albanian gropë (same meaning).
grui	hilltop, hillock	Russu	Alternative etymology: Latin *grunnium
grumaz	neck	Russu (Alb.), NODEX	Cf. Albanian gurmaz or gërmaz (throat).
grunz	a lump of stiff but brittle substance, such as a block of salt	Russu (Alb.)	Cf. Albanian grundë (?).
gudura	to fawn	Russu	Cf. Albanian gudulis (to tickle); cf. Romanian gâdila (to tickle), cf. Bulgarian гъделичкам (gădelichkam), гъдел ме е (gădel me e) (to tickle)
gușă	a bird's crop Crop (anatomy) A crop is a thin-walled expanded portion of the alimentary tract used for the storage of food prior to digestion that is found in many animals, including gastropods, earthworms, leeches, insects, birds, and even some dinosaurs.- Bees :Cropping is used by bees to temporarily store nectar of flowers... ; double chin, goiter	Russu (Alb.)	Cf. Albanian gushë (same meaning, plus Adam's apple), Serbian guša (throat), Bulgarian. Alternative etymology: Latin *geusiae.
hojma	repeatedly, continuously	Hasdeu, Vraciu	Alternative etymology: Ukrainian hožma.
iazmă	ugly and evil apparition, ghost	Hasdeu
iele	mythological characters (white-clad beautiful girls, bewitching men with their song and dance)	Hasdeu	Euphemism of Romanian word dînsele 'goast', 'soul of the dead' (Latin lemures) See also Cf. Serbian vile (nymphs), Slavic mythology. Alternative etymology: from Romanian ele (feminine form of they).
încurca	to entangle, to mix up	Russu	Alternative etymology: Latin *incolicare (from colus = distaff).
înghina	to assemble, to put together	Russu	Cf. Romanian îmbina.
îngurzi	to wrinkle the edge of a fabric or the sole of a shoe with a thread	Russu
înseila	to stitch, to sew temporarily	Russu	Currently preferred form: însăila; alternative etymology: Turkish say (saw or a delicate kind of serge, or woolen cloth). Cf. Serbian šiti (to sew)
întrema	to recover after illness or fatigue	Russu
jilț, jielț	tall-backed (arm)chair	Hasdeu, Vraciu	Etymology given for current form jeţ: German Sitz.
leagăn	cradle, swing	Russu	Alternative etymology: Latin *liginare from ligare (to tie/bind).
lepăda	to drop; to take off (clothes)	Russu	Alternative etymology: Latin lapidare (to throw stones). Cf. Serbian pada, opada (to drop, to fall).
lespede	stone slab	Russu
leșina	to faint	Russu	From Serbian lešina (carcass)
mal	shore	Hasdeu, Russu (Alb.), Vraciu	Cf. Albanian mal (mountain). I- I "mare" II greath II DEX II (Alb.) "madhe"
maldac	a small load (of wood, hay, etc.)	Hasdeu	Alternative etymology: Greek mandakis.
mazăre	pea Pea A pea is most commonly the small spherical seed or the seed-pod of the pod fruit Pisum sativum. Each pod contains several peas. Peapods are botanically a fruit, since they contain seeds developed from the ovary of a flower. However, peas are considered to be a vegetable in cooking... (Pisum sativum)	Hasdeu, Russu (Alb.), Vraciu, Olteanu	Cf. Albanian modhë and modhullë.
măceș	sweetbrier Sweetbrier Rosa rubiginosa is a species of rose native to Europe and western Asia.... (Rosa eglanteria)	Russu
mădări	to pamper, to spoil (a child)	Russu
măgură	hill, knoll	Russu (Alb.)	Cf. Albanian magulë (same meaning).
mălai	millet flour	Hasdeu	After millet was largely replaced by corn, the word changed its meaning into corn flour.
mămăligă	cornmeal mush (mămăligă Mamaliga Mămăligă is a porridge made out of yellow maize flour, traditional in Romania and Moldova. It is similar to the Italian polenta.In Transylvania and in Carpathia mămăligă is also called puliszka... )	Hasdeu	Albanian mëmeligë (same meaning)
mărcat	?	Russu	Not in current use.
mătură	broom	Russu (Alb.)	Alternative etymology: Latin matta 'mat' that gave in Italian dialects the followings: "mattore" 'besom' in Lucania, "mattele" 'bundle' in Abruzzo. See also Catalan and Spanish "mata" Serbian metla (broom)
Mehadia	Mehadia Mehadia Mehadia is a small market town and commune in Caraş-Severin County, Romania. It lies on the European route E70, in the Cerna River valley. The town is located on the site of the ancient Roman colony Ad Mediam and was noted for its Hercules baths. It had a population of 2,492 in 1900, and of 4,474...	Hasdeu
melc	snail	Hasdeu, Russu, Vraciu
mieru	bluish	Russu
mire	bridegroom	Hasdeu, Russu, Vraciu	Cf. Albanian mirë (good).
mistreț	wild boar	Russu	Albanian: mistrec (mischievous person). Alternative etymology: Latin *mixticius.
mișca	to move, to stir	Russu
mînz	foal, colt	Russu (Alb.)	Cf. Albanian mëz (same meaning). It is agreed that the Thracian inscription ΜΕΖΗΝΑΙ (mezēnai, in Greek alphabet) on the Duvanli gold ring means horseman. The PIE root *mend(i)- is thought to mean horse.
morman	pile, heap	Russu
mosoc	large shepherd dog	Hasdeu
moș	old man	Russu (Alb.)	Probably a backformation from moașă (midwife); cf. Albanian moshë (age).
moț	tuft, crest	Hasdeu
mugure	bud	Russu (Alb.)	Cf. Albanian mugull (gemma Gemma (botany) A gemma is a single cell, or a mass of cells, or a modified bud of tissue, that detaches from the parent and develops into a new individual. This type of asexual reproduction is referred to as fragmentation. It is a means of asexual propagation in plants... ).
munună	hilltop	Russu
murg	dark brown (animal, horse)	Russu (Alb.)	Cf. Albanian murg (monk?).
mușat	handsome	Russu
năpîrcă	limbless lizard (Anguis fragilis Anguis fragilis Anguis fragilis, or slow worm, slow-worm or slowworm, is a limbless reptile native to Eurasia. It is also sometimes referred to as the blindworm or blind worm, though the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds considers this to be incorrect.Slow worms are semi-fossorial lizards spending much... ); viper Viperidae The Viperidae are a family of venomous snakes found all over the world, except in Antarctica, Australia, Ireland, Madagascar, Hawaii, various other isolated islands, and above the Arctic Circle. All have relatively long, hinged fangs that permit deep penetration and injection of venom. Four...	Russu (Alb.)	Cf. Albanian nepërkë, nëpërkë (viper).
năsărîmbă	prank, mischief	Hasdeu
nițel	a little	Russu
noian	multitude, heap	Russu
ortoman	rich (of a shepherd); handsome (of an outlaw); quick (of a horse)	Hasdeu
păstaie	pod, capsule, hull	Russu (Alb.)	Cf. Albanian pistaë, bishtajë (beans).
păstra	to keep	Russu	Alternative etymology: Bulgarian pastrja (?).Yet, Bulgarian "pastrja" seems to come from Romanian
pînză	cloth, linen, fabric	Russu
pîrîu	brook, creek	Russu (Alb.)	Cf. Albanian përrua (creek, stream); also might be related to Romanian rîu (river, stream) from Latin rivus (stream).
prunc	small child	Russu	Alternative etymology: Latin *puerunculus (small child).
pururea	always, ever	Russu (Alb.)	Alternative etymology: Latin purus (pure, also absolute).
rață	duck	Hasdeu, Vraciu	Cf. Albanian rosë (same meaning) and Serbian raca (?).
ravac	any of several kinds of wine or must Must Must is freshly pressed fruit juice that contains the skins, seeds, and stems of the fruit. The solid portion of the must is called pomace; it typically makes up 7%–23% of the total weight of the must. Making must is the first step in winemaking...	Hasdeu	Alternative etymology: Turkish ravak (?).
răbda	to bide, bear, endure	Russu
reazem	support, backing, prop	Russu
ridica	to raise, lift	Russu	Alternative etymology: Latin eradicare (to uproot).
rîmfă	?	Hasdeu	Not in current use.
rînză	gizzard; any of several stomach diseases	Hasdeu, Russu (Alb.), Vraciu	Cf. Albanian rrëndës (rennet).
sarbăd (today searbăd)	insipid	Russu (Alb.), Olteanu	Cf. Albanian tharbët (acrid). Alternative etymology: Latin exalbidus (white).
Sarmisegetuza	Sarmizegetusa Sarmizegetusa Sarmizegetusa Regia was the capital and the most important military, religious and political center of Dacians...	Hasdeu
scăpăra	to strike a flintstone (to start a fire)	Russu (Alb.)	Cf. Albanian sqepar (small axe for cutting meat)
scrum	ashes	Russu (Alb.)	Cf. Albanian shkrum, shkrumb (same meaning). Bulgarian скрум.
scula	to get up, to wake	Russu (Alb.)	Albanian shkul (uproot) Alternative etymology: *excubulare (to get up, wake).
scurma	to scrape or dig (with snout, claws, beak, tools)	Russu	Alternative etymology: *excorrimare (?).
sîmbure	pit (fruit kernel)	Russu (Alb.), NODEX, Olteanu	Cf. Albanian sumbull or thumbull (?).
sîmvea	(?)	Hasdeu
spînz	hellebore Hellebore Commonly known as hellebores, members of the genus Helleborus comprise approximately 20 species of herbaceous perennial flowering plants in the family Ranunculaceae, within which it gave its name to the tribe of Helleboreae...	Russu (Alb.)	Alternative etymology: 1) Cf. Armenian osindr (absinth) < ancient ospindr, derived from a root spind ‘glow, burn’ 2) Slavic spreji (?).
stăpîn	master, owner	Hasdeu, Vraciu	Alternative etymology: Slavic stopanŭ (same meaning) It seems that the Slavic word had been borrowed either from Albanian or from Romanian
strănut, strenut, stărnut	with a white spot on nose (about animals)	Russu
stejar	oak	Hasdeu, Vraciu	Alternative etymology: Old Slavonic stežerŭ "stick" cf. Bulgarian stožar 'stick, wood', Sb., Cr. stežer "trunk" (> steajer) stožer "spindle tree" Bulgarian стежер (stejer) (?).
steregie	icicle-shaped soot concretion in chimneys	Russu
sterp	sterile, infertile	Russu (Alb.)	Albanian: shterp (same meaning).
stînă	sheep fold	Hasdeu, Vraciu, NODEX
străghiată	storm	Russu	Cf. Albanian shtrëngatë (same meaning).
strepede	larva living in foodstuff (Piophila casei)	Russu (Alb.)	Cf. Albanian shtrep (cheese-worm).
strugure	grape	Russu, NODEX
strungă	place for milking sheep; narrow passage, canyon	Russu (Alb.), NODEX	Cf. Albanian shtrungë (sheep-pen; passage).
sugruma	to strangle, to burke	Russu	From sub (under) and grumaz (throat, see above).
sugușa	to strangle, to burke	Russu	From sub (under) and guşă (goiter, see above).
șale	hips	Russu (Alb.)	Cf Albanian shale (thigh), Alternative etymology: Latin sella (seat).
șiră	spine	Hasdeu, Russu
șopîrlă	lizard	Hasdeu, Russu (Alb.), Vraciu
șoric	pig skin	Russu
șut	hornless	Russu (Alb.)	Albanian: shyt (same meaning)
tare	hard	Russu
traistă	bag	Hasdeu	Albanian trastë, trajstë (same meaning), cf. Romanian synonym straiţă and Albanian strajcë
tulei	(young) whiskers	Hasdeu
țap	he-goat	Russu (Alb.)	Albanian: cjap (ibex, billy-goat)
țarc	pen, fold (fenced enclosure for animals)	Russu (Alb.), Olteanu	Cf. Albanian cark or thark (enclosure for animals).
țarină	country	Russu
țăruș	pole, pale, picket	Russu
țîmburuș (today țumburuș)	a small, usually round, protrusion on a surface, nub	Olteanu	Cf. Albanian thumbullë (pin; small nail) and cf. Romanian sâmbure.
țundră	.	Hasdeu
țurcă	traditional Romanian game	Hasdeu
(a se/ a) uita	respectively: to look, to forget	Russu	Altern. etym. Latin *oblitare (to forget).
undrea	sewing needle	Russu	current form: andrea
urca	climb	Russu
urcior	eyesore	Russu	Altern. etym. hordeolus (eyesore).
urdă	cottage cheese	Hasdeu, Russu, Vraciu
urdina	.	Russu	Altern. etym. Latin ordinare (to set in order).
urdoare	Gelatinous ocular secretion	Russu	Altern. etym. Latin *horridor (rough, horrible).
vatră	hearth, home, fireplace	Hasdeu, Russu (Alb).	Albanian vatre (fireplace) (Vraciu), Serbian vatra (fire)
vătăma	to hurt, to injure	Russu	Altern. etym. Latin victimare (to sacrifice).
vătui	one year old kid (goat & doe); hare	Russu (Alb.)	Latin vitellus (a little calf).
viezure (archaic form viedzure)	badger	Russu (Alb.), Olteanu	Cf. Albanian vjedhullë (the thief, from the verb vjeth, to steal).
viscol	blizzard	Russu
zară	buttermilk	Russu	Albanian dhallë (same meaning), cf. Romanian zăr, zer below
zăr (today zer)	whey	Russu, Olteanu	Cf. Albanian dhallë (sour milk, diluted yogurt).
zburda	jump around, prance, frolic	Russu
zestre	wedding gift, or wealth	Russu.	Altern. etym. 1) Latin dextrae 2) Bulgarian зестра (zestra) that comes from Romanian
zgardă	collar	Russu (Alb.)	Cf. Albanian shkardhë (leash)
zgîria	scratch	Russu (Alb.?)	Altern. etym. Latin *scaberare < scaber (itchy)
zgîrma	scratch (searching for something)	Russu	cf. Romanian scurma above
zîmbru, zâmbru	a coniferous tree, Pinus cembra	Hasdeu, Vraciu	(zimbru is a different word, meaning bufalo, i.e., Bison bonasus)
zîrnă, zârnă	black nightshade (Solanum nigrum Solanum nigrum Solanum nigrum is a species in the Solanum genus, native to Eurasia and introduced in the Americas, Australasia and South Africa.-Description:Black... )	Hasdeu	Altern. etym. Old Slavic zrŭnograin'

See also