List of Acadian governors - AbsoluteAstronomy.com

The governance of the French colony of Acadia

Acadia

Acadia was the name given to lands in a portion of the French colonial empire of New France, in northeastern North America that included parts of eastern Quebec, the Maritime provinces, and modern-day Maine. At the end of the 16th century, France claimed territory stretching as far south as...

has a long and tangled history. Founded in 1603 by Pierre Dugua, Sieur de Monts

Pierre Dugua, Sieur de Monts

Pierre Du Gua de Monts, was a French merchant, explorer and colonizer. A Protestant, he was born in Royan, France and had a great influence over the first two decades of the 17th century...

, the territory of Acadia (roughly, the present-day Canadian provinces of Nova Scotia

Nova Scotia

Nova Scotia is one of Canada's three Maritime provinces and is the most populous province in Atlantic Canada. The name of the province is Latin for "New Scotland," but "Nova Scotia" is the recognized, English-language name of the province. The provincial capital is Halifax. Nova Scotia is the...

, New Brunswick

New Brunswick

New Brunswick is one of Canada's three Maritime provinces and is the only province in the federation that is constitutionally bilingual . The provincial capital is Fredericton and Saint John is the most populous city. Greater Moncton is the largest Census Metropolitan Area...

, and Prince Edward Island

Prince Edward Island

Prince Edward Island is a Canadian province consisting of an island of the same name, as well as other islands. The maritime province is the smallest in the nation in both land area and population...

, and portions of the U. S. state of Maine

Maine

Maine is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States, bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the east and south, New Hampshire to the west, and the Canadian provinces of Quebec to the northwest and New Brunswick to the northeast. Maine is both the northernmost and easternmost...

) was hotly contested in the 17th century. It was claimed by English and Scottish interests, fought over by competing French governors, and subjected to raids and attacks from English colonists that sometimes resulted in years of occupation of some of its communities. Most of the non-French claims were given up under the 1667 Treaty of Breda, but the territory did not come completely under French control until three years later. From 1670 until 1710 the province remained in French hands, except for a brief period in the 1670s when Dutch attackers occupied several Acadian communities

Dutch Occupation of Acadia

The Dutch Occupation of Acadia began when the Dutch naval captain Jurriaen Aernoutsz seized several settlements of Acadia, a part of the French colonial empire in northeastern North America, in 1674. Areas briefly occupied included coastal towns along the shores of Maine and New Brunswick, two...

. In 1710 a British expedition including Royal Navy

Royal Navy

The Royal Navy is the naval warfare service branch of the British Armed Forces. Founded in the 16th century, it is the oldest service branch and is known as the Senior Service...

warships and colonial forces from New England

New England

New England is a region in the northeastern corner of the United States consisting of the six states of Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut...

captured Acadia's capital

Siege of Port Royal (1710)

The Siege of Port Royal , also known as the Conquest of Acadia, was conducted by British regular and provincial forces under the command of Francis Nicholson against a French Acadian garrison under the command of Daniel d'Auger de Subercase, at the Acadian capital, Port Royal...

for good, and France ceded an ill-defined territory to Britain in the 1713 Treaty of Utrecht. Although France continued to claim those portions of present-day Maine and New Brunswick that constituted part Acadia, it had no formal government prior to the British conquest of New France

New France

New France was the area colonized by France in North America during a period beginning with the exploration of the Saint Lawrence River by Jacques Cartier in 1534 and ending with the cession of New France to Spain and Great Britain in 1763...

in 1760. The first British governor of Nova Scotia

Nova Scotia

was Samuel Vetch

Samuel Vetch

Samuel Vetch was a Scottish soldier and colonial governor of Nova Scotia.-Early life:...

; he took command immediately after the 1710 capture.

Most of Acadia's French governors operated under commissions given by the French crown. During the periods of turmoil in the mid 17th century, they acted more like proprietary governor

Proprietary Governor

Proprietary Governors were individuals authorized to govern proprietary colonies. Under the proprietary system, individuals or companies were granted commercial charters by the King of England to establish colonies. These proprietors then selected the governors and other officials in the colony....

s, acting primarily in their own interests, or in those of their corporate supporters. A Scottish proprietary colony

Proprietary colony

A proprietary colony was a colony in which one or more individuals, usually land owners, remaining subject to their parent state's sanctions, retained rights that are today regarded as the privilege of the state, and in all cases eventually became so....

named New Scotland (the origin of the name "Nova Scotia") was granted to William Stirling

William Alexander, 1st Earl of Stirling

William Alexander, Earl of Stirling was a Scotsman who was an early developer of Scottish colonisation of Port Royal, Nova Scotia and Long Island, New York...

in 1621; this claim was formally abandoned with the 1632 Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye

Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye (1632)

The Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye was signed on March 29, 1632. It returned New France to French control after the English had seized it in 1629. It also provided France with compensation for goods seized during the capture of New France....

. Even though there were English claims to the territory under the 1620 charter granted to the Plymouth Council for New England

Plymouth Council for New England

The Plymouth Council for New England was the name of a 17th century English joint stock company that was granted a royal charter to found colonial settlements along the coast of North America....

, there was no English settlement of the territory under its authority. In 1656 two Englishmen, Thomas Temple

Thomas Temple

Sir Thomas Temple, 1st Baronet was a British proprietor, governor of Acadia/ Nova Scotia...

and William Crowne

William Crowne

William Crowne had a varied career as an officer of arms, a Member of Parliament, a colonel during the English civil war, and one of the early colonists of North America...

, acquired the French interest of Charles de Saint-Étienne de la Tour

Charles de Saint-Étienne de la Tour

Charles de Saint-Étienne de la Tour, the French King's appointed Governor of Acadia from 1631–1642 and again from 1653–1657, was born in France in 1593 and died at Cap de Sable in 1666...

, who had been governing part of the territory under a French commission. They ruled over his territories until 1670, when they turned their lands over to French governor Hector d'Andigné de Grandfontaine

Hector d'Andigné de Grandfontaine

Hector d'Andigné de Grandfontaine was the governor of Acadia from 1670 - 1673.One of the first important duties of Andigné was to arrange the actual return of settlements to France as required by the Treaty of Breda in 1667...

. Some of the later appointments were not as governors; these were military men who were commissioned as commandant of Acadia, and acted under the direction of the Governor General of New France

Governor General of New France

Governor General of New France was the vice-regal post in New France from 1663 until 1760 and was the last French vice-regal post. It was replaced by the British post of Governor of the Province of Quebec following the fall of New France...

Governor	Term	\| Granting authority	\| Notes
Pierre Dugua, Sieur de Monts Pierre Dugua, Sieur de Monts Pierre Du Gua de Monts, was a French merchant, explorer and colonizer. A Protestant, he was born in Royan, France and had a great influence over the first two decades of the 17th century...	1603–1608	French crown	Dugua and Samuel de Champlain Samuel de Champlain Samuel de Champlain , "The Father of New France", was a French navigator, cartographer, draughtsman, soldier, explorer, geographer, ethnologist, diplomat, and chronicler. He founded New France and Quebec City on July 3, 1608.... established the first settlement in Acadia on St. Croix Island in 1603. After a harsh winter, they moved across the Bay of Fundy to establish Port Royal.
Jean de Biencourt de Poutrincourt et de Saint-Just Jean de Biencourt de Poutrincourt et de Saint-Just Jean de Biencourt de Poutrincourt et de Saint-Just was a member of the French nobility best remembered as a commander of the French colonial empire, one of those responsible for establishing the most successful among early attempts to establish a permanent settlement in the North American...	1606–1615	French crown	Poutrincourt's first charter was revoked in 1607; he received a new grant from King Henry Henry IV of France Henry IV , Henri-Quatre, was King of France from 1589 to 1610 and King of Navarre from 1572 to 1610. He was the first monarch of the Bourbon branch of the Capetian dynasty in France.... in 1608, but did not resettle Port Royal until 1610. He only effectively governed until 1613, when Samuel Argall Samuel Argall Sir Samuel Argall was an English adventurer and naval officer.As a sea captain, in 1609, Argall was the first to determine a shorter northern route from England across the Atlantic Ocean to the new English colony of Virginia, based at Jamestown, and made numerous voyages to the New World... destroyed Port Royal in a raid. Only a few colonists remained, under Biencourt, who was Poutrincourt's son.
Charles de Biencourt de Saint-Just Charles de Biencourt de Saint-Just Baron Charles de Biencourt de Saint-Just was a member of the French nobility and military officer...	1615–1623	French crown	Biencourt inherited his father's commission upon the latter's death. The colony remained small, subsisting on fishing and the fur trade.
William Alexander William Alexander, 1st Earl of Stirling William Alexander, Earl of Stirling was a Scotsman who was an early developer of Scottish colonisation of Port Royal, Nova Scotia and Long Island, New York...	1621–1629	Scottish crown	Alexander was granted a proprietorship to establish New Scotland. Despite a lack of settlement, his grant was renewed in 1625. Alexander and his son attempted to interest Claude de Saint-Étienne de la Tour Claude de Saint-Étienne de la Tour Claude de Saint-Étienne de la Tour was born in the province of Champagne, France and came to Acadia in 1610 after suffering heavy losses as a ship's captain.... , who had come to Acadia with his son Charles Charles de Saint-Étienne de la Tour Charles de Saint-Étienne de la Tour, the French King's appointed Governor of Acadia from 1631–1642 and again from 1653–1657, was born in France in 1593 and died at Cap de Sable in 1666... on Poutrincourt's expedition.
William Alexander the younger William Alexander (the younger) Sir William Alexander was the founder, in 1629, of the Scottish colony at Port-Royal, now the site of modern Annapolis Royal, Nova Scotia. He also built forts in Cape Breton then in Port Royal. He was the son of colonizer William Alexander, 1st Earl of Stirling, but predeceased his father and...	1629–1632	Scottish crown	Alexander inherited his father's claim. He settled Port Royal and an outpost on Cape Breton Island Cape Breton Island Cape Breton Island is an island on the Atlantic coast of North America. It likely corresponds to the word Breton, the French demonym for Brittany.... with Scottish colonists in 1629. The Alexander's claim was extinguished in the 1632 Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye (1632) The Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye was signed on March 29, 1632. It returned New France to French control after the English had seized it in 1629. It also provided France with compensation for goods seized during the capture of New France.... , and the Scots abandoned the colony.
Charles de Saint-Étienne de la Tour Charles de Saint-Étienne de la Tour Charles de Saint-Étienne de la Tour, the French King's appointed Governor of Acadia from 1631–1642 and again from 1653–1657, was born in France in 1593 and died at Cap de Sable in 1666...	1631–1644	French crown	La Tour inherited Biencourt's commission, but this was not recognized by the crown. He built up a strong presence at Cape Sable, and was issued a charter in his own right in 1631.
Isaac de Razilly Isaac de Razilly Isaac de Razilly was a member of the French nobility appointed a knight of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem at the age of 18. He was born at the Château d'Oiseaumelle in the Province of Touraine, France. A member of the French navy, he served for many years during which he played an important...	1632–1635	French crown	Razilly's charter conflicted with La Tour's, and King Louis XIII's Louis XIII of France Louis XIII was a Bourbon monarch who ruled as King of France and of Navarre from 1610 to 1643.Louis was only eight years old when he succeeded his father. His mother, Marie de Medici, acted as regent during Louis' minority... division of their authorities was geographically uninformed. Although Razilly and La Tour had an amicable relationship, their successors battled each other for control of various parts of Acadia. Razilly established his base at La Héve LaHave, Nova Scotia LaHave was once the capital of Acadia/ Nova Scotia and is now a small scenic village located on Highway 331 at the mouth of the LaHave River in Lunenburg County, Nova Scotia, across the river from Riverport and approximately 15 kilometres from the town of Bridgewater.- French Colony :LaHave was the... on the Atlantic coast.
Charles de Menou d'Aulnay Charles de Menou d'Aulnay Charles de Menou d'Aulnay was a pioneer of European settlement in North America and Governor of Acadia .-Biography:D'Aulnay was a member of the French nobility who was at various times a sea captain, a lieutenant in the French navy to his cousin Isaac de Razilly, and Governor of Acadia...	1635–1650	French crown	D'Aulnay governed on behalf of Claude de Razilly Claude de Razilly Claude de Razilly, also Claude de Launay-Razilly was a French Navy officer. He was the brother of François de Razilly and Isaac de Razilly.Claude de Razilly fought in the Siege of Saint-Martin-de-Ré in 1627 and the Siege of La Rochelle... , who inherited his brother's charter but was unable to come to Acadia. Disagreements between La Tour and d'Aulnay broke out into open violence in the late 1630s. Both appealed to New England New England New England is a region in the northeastern corner of the United States consisting of the six states of Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut... colonists at one time or another for assistance. He succeeded in having La Tour "discredited" in 1644, and used military force in an attempt to drive La Tour from his holdings.
Charles de Saint-Étienne de la Tour Charles de Saint-Étienne de la Tour Charles de Saint-Étienne de la Tour, the French King's appointed Governor of Acadia from 1631–1642 and again from 1653–1657, was born in France in 1593 and died at Cap de Sable in 1666...	1653–1654	French crown	La Tour refused to surrender territories he was holding when driven from office in 1644, and appealed to New England colonists, with whom Acadians had been trading, for aid. When d'Aulnay died in 1650, La Tour went to France, was vindicated in inquiries, and returned to Acadia in 1653 with a new commission. He cemented his interests in Acadia by marrying d'Aulnay's widow. Following the capture of Port Royal by an English expedition led by Robert Sedgwick Robert Sedgwick Major General Robert Sedgwick was an English colonist, born 1611 in Woburn, Bedfordshire, England, and baptised on May 6, 1613.-Biography:... , La Tour was captured and sent to England. In 1657 La Tour sold his claim to Thomas Temple Thomas Temple Sir Thomas Temple, 1st Baronet was a British proprietor, governor of Acadia/ Nova Scotia... and William Crowne William Crowne William Crowne had a varied career as an officer of arms, a Member of Parliament, a colonel during the English civil war, and one of the early colonists of North America... , which included recognition by Oliver Cromwell Oliver Cromwell Oliver Cromwell was an English military and political leader who overthrew the English monarchy and temporarily turned England into a republican Commonwealth, and served as Lord Protector of England, Scotland, and Ireland.... as baronet of Nova Scotia, a title La Tour's father had been granted by the Alexanders.
John Leverett John Leverett John Leverett was an English colonial magistrate, merchant, soldier and governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. Born in England, he came to Massachusetts as a teenager. He was a leading merchant in the colony, and served in its military...	1654–1657	English military command	Leverett was placed in command of the sites captured by Sedgwick in his 1654 expedition. His command ended with the arrival of Thomas Temple.
Nicolas Denys Nicolas Denys .Nicolas Denys was a French aristocrat who became an explorer, colonizer, soldier and leader in New France. Today, he is perhaps best known for founding settlements at St. Pierre , Ste...	1654–1688	French crown	Denys had arrived in Acadia as one of Isaac Razilly's lieutenants. He was granted a charter for coastal areas from Canso Canso, Nova Scotia For the headland, see Cape Canso.Canso is a small Canadian town in Guysborough County, on the north-eastern tip of mainland Nova Scotia, next to Chedabucto Bay. The area was established in 1604, along with Port Royal, Nova Scotia. The British construction of a fort in the village , was instrumental... north along the coast of the Gulf of Saint Lawrence Gulf of Saint Lawrence The Gulf of Saint Lawrence , the world's largest estuary, is the outlet of North America's Great Lakes via the Saint Lawrence River into the Atlantic Ocean... , including present-day Prince Edward Island Prince Edward Island Prince Edward Island is a Canadian province consisting of an island of the same name, as well as other islands. The maritime province is the smallest in the nation in both land area and population... and Cape Breton Island Cape Breton Island Cape Breton Island is an island on the Atlantic coast of North America. It likely corresponds to the word Breton, the French demonym for Brittany.... , and a monopoly on fishing rights as far south as Virginia. He established several communities on the territory, but none grew to any significant size, and his charter seems to have been extinguished with his death. He spent much effort attempting to enforce his monopoly on fishing rights.
William Crowne William Crowne William Crowne had a varied career as an officer of arms, a Member of Parliament, a colonel during the English civil war, and one of the early colonists of North America... and Thomas Temple Thomas Temple Sir Thomas Temple, 1st Baronet was a British proprietor, governor of Acadia/ Nova Scotia...	1657–1670	The Protectorate The Protectorate In British history, the Protectorate was the period 1653–1659 during which the Commonwealth of England was governed by a Lord Protector.-Background:...	Crowne and Temple claimed Nova Scotia as a proprietorship authorized by Oliver Cromwell Oliver Cromwell Oliver Cromwell was an English military and political leader who overthrew the English monarchy and temporarily turned England into a republican Commonwealth, and served as Lord Protector of England, Scotland, and Ireland.... , after purchasing Charles La Tour's interests. Their claim was disputed militarily by Emmanuel Le Borgne Emmanuel Le Borgne Emmanuel Le Borgne was the governor of Acadia 1657–67 and was the claimant to the estate of Charles de Menou d'Aulnay who had governed Acadia at a previous time.... , who was granted a French charter in 1657. In 1667, the Treaty of Breda, which ended the Second Anglo-Dutch War Second Anglo-Dutch War The Second Anglo–Dutch War was part of a series of four Anglo–Dutch Wars fought between the English and the Dutch in the 17th and 18th centuries for control over the seas and trade routes.... , called for the return of Acadia to France. Crowne and Temple consequently abandoned their claim in 1670.
Emmanuel Le Borgne Emmanuel Le Borgne Emmanuel Le Borgne was the governor of Acadia 1657–67 and was the claimant to the estate of Charles de Menou d'Aulnay who had governed Acadia at a previous time....	1657–1667	French crown	Le Borgne was a creditor of d'Aulnay's. Shortly after La Tour's return to Acadia in 1653, Le Borgne arrived to negotiate for payment of the debts owed him. His efforts to collect disturbed by the English intervention in 1654, he acquired a charter from King Louis XIV Louis XIV of France Louis XIV , known as Louis the Great or the Sun King , was a Bourbon monarch who ruled as King of France and Navarre. His reign, from 1643 to his death in 1715, began at the age of four and lasted seventy-two years, three months, and eighteen days... . Unable to collect because of Crowne and Temple's occupation of La Tour's holdings, his land grants were renewed in 1667, but his governorship went to his son.
Alexandre Le Borgne de Belle-Isle Alexandre Le Borgne de Belle-Isle Alexandre le Borgne de Belle-Isle , the son of Emmanuel Le Borgne, was a temporary governor of Acadia.- External links :* *...	1667–1670	French crown	Belle-Isle, despite the Treaty of Breda's terms, was unable to take control of Acadia from Crowne and Temple because France could not guarantee certain preconditions to the handover. He consequently never actually governed, and the Englishmen turned Acadia over to his successor, Hector d'Andigné de Grandfontaine Hector d'Andigné de Grandfontaine Hector d'Andigné de Grandfontaine was the governor of Acadia from 1670 - 1673.One of the first important duties of Andigné was to arrange the actual return of settlements to France as required by the Treaty of Breda in 1667... .
Hector d'Andigné de Grandfontaine Hector d'Andigné de Grandfontaine Hector d'Andigné de Grandfontaine was the governor of Acadia from 1670 - 1673.One of the first important duties of Andigné was to arrange the actual return of settlements to France as required by the Treaty of Breda in 1667...	1670–1673	French crown	Grandfontaine, a military officer, spent most of his term in office restoring order after the preceding years of chaos. He established his headquarters at Fort Pentagouet, partly as a deterrent against the English, who also claimed the area.
Jacques de Chambly Jacques de Chambly Jacques de Chambly was from a French military background and became a seigneur in the New World and a governor of Acadia.Chambly's arrival in New France took place in 1665 when he arrived as a captain in the Carignan-Salières Regiment. He immediately was in charge of the construction of Fort...	1673–1677	French crown	Most of Chambly's term in office was disrupted by the attack of the Dutchman Jurriaen Aernoutsz Jurriaen Aernoutsz Jurriaen Aernoutsz was a Dutch colonial navy captain, who briefly captured a section of the French colony of Acadia in 1674 AD, establishing the brief Dutch Occupation of Acadia.... , who seized a number of the key communities and claimed Acadia as New Holland. Aernoutsz left John Rhoades John Rhoades John Rhoades was a fur trader from New England, who was part of Jurriaen Aernoutsz's short-lived conquest of Acadia in 1674.A resident of Massachusetts, Rhoades met with Aernoutsz shortly after the latter's arrival in New York City, and used his familiarity with the region to convince Aernoutsz to... in command.
John Rhoades John Rhoades John Rhoades was a fur trader from New England, who was part of Jurriaen Aernoutsz's short-lived conquest of Acadia in 1674.A resident of Massachusetts, Rhoades met with Aernoutsz shortly after the latter's arrival in New York City, and used his familiarity with the region to convince Aernoutsz to...	1674–1675	Dutch military command	Rhoades, an Englishman from Massachusetts Massachusetts Bay Colony The Massachusetts Bay Colony was an English settlement on the east coast of North America in the 17th century, in New England, situated around the present-day cities of Salem and Boston. The territory administered by the colony included much of present-day central New England, including portions... , was captured and taken to Boston after men under his command captured New England trading ships in Acadian waters. France was consequently able to recover the territory without resistance.
Cornelius Van Steenwyk Cornelius Van Steenwyk Cornelius Steenwyck served two terms as Mayor of New York City, the first from 1668 to 1672 Cornelius Steenwyck (born Cornelis Jacobsz Steenwijck; March 16, 1626 – November 21, 1684) served two terms as Mayor of New York City, the first from 1668 to 1672 Cornelius Steenwyck (born Cornelis...	1676	Dutch West India Company Dutch West India Company Dutch West India Company was a chartered company of Dutch merchants. Among its founding fathers was Willem Usselincx...	Van Steenwyk was a Dutch merchant from New York. The Dutch West India Company, seeking to capitalize on Aernoutsz's actions, granted him a commission as Governor of New Holland. Because of Rhoades' capture by the English, this claim existed only on paper.
Pierre de Joybert de Soulanges et de Marson Pierre de Joybert de Soulanges et de Marson Pierre de Joybert de Soulanges et de Marson was the administrator of Acadia in 1677-1678.Born at Saint-Hilaire de Soulanges, Marne in Champagne, France, son of Claude de Joybert, Seigneur de Soulanges. As a young man he served in Portugal before coming to Quebec in 1665 as a Lieutenant in the... (commandant)	1677–1678	French crown	In Joybert's brief term in office he moved the capital to Jemseg Jemseg, New Brunswick Jemseg is a Canadian rural community in Queens County, New Brunswick. It is located on the east bank of the Jemseg River along its short run from Grand Lake to the Saint John River... , where he had been granted land for his military service. He died in 1678.
Michel Leneuf de la Vallière de Beaubassin Michel Leneuf de la Vallière de Beaubassin (d. 1705) Michel Le Neuf de la Vallière de Beaubassin was a military figure who became a governor of Acadia under French control....	1678–1684	French crown	Beaubassin replaced Joybert as commandant, and based himself primarily at Beaubassin Beaubassin Beaubassin was the first settlement on the Isthmus of Chignecto, Nova Scotia, which was Acadian. The area is now known as the Tantramar Marshes. Beaubassin was settled in 1672, the second Acadian village to be established after Port Royal. The village was one of the largest and most prosperous in... on the Isthmus of Chignecto Isthmus of Chignecto The Isthmus of Chignecto is an isthmus bordering the Maritime provinces of New Brunswick and Nova Scotia which connects the Nova Scotia peninsula with North America.... . Commissioned as governor in 1683, he was criticized for allowing New Englanders to fish in Acadian waters (against orders from the king forbidding such activity).
François-Marie Perrot François-Marie Perrot François-Marie Perrot was born in Paris and Seigneur de Sainte-Geneviève,- Biography :He was appointed governor of Montreal by a royal commission in 1670 and arrived in New France that year. Records do show his tenure as 1669–84....	1684–1687	French crown	Little is known of Perrot's time as governor of Acadia. He apparently did not actually arrive at Port Royal until 1685, and sought to monopolize trade for his own benefit. He also permitted New Englanders to fish in Acadian waters in exchange for a small fee.
Louis-Alexandre des Friches de Meneval Louis-Alexandre des Friches de Meneval Louis-Alexandre des Friches de Menneval was a governor of Acadia from 1687-1690.Little is known of his early life. He did serve in the French army in France with distinction and won Turenne’s notice and praise....	1687–1690	French crown	Meneval, a lieutenant in the troupes de la marine Troupes de la marine See also Troupes de Marine for later history of same Corps.The Troupes de la Marine , also known as independent companies of the navy and colonial regulars, were under the authority of the French Minister of Marine, who was also responsible for the French navy, overseas trade, and French... , worked to improve Acadia's defenses against English attacks. In 1690, after the Nine Years' War broke out, he surrendered Port Royal, whose fort was only half-finished, to an expedition Battle of Port Royal (1690) The Battle of Port Royal occurred at Port Royal, the capital of French Acadia, during King William's War , the first of the four French and Indian Wars. A large force of New England provincial militia arrived before Port Royal, which was surrendered without resistance not long after... led by William Phips William Phips Sir William Phips was a shipwright, ship's captain, treasure hunter, military leader, and the first royally-appointed governor of the Province of Massachusetts Bay.... .
Charles La Tourasse Charles La Tourasse Charles La Tourasse was a sergeant in the French garrison at the time of the Battle of Port Royal. William Phips placed him at the head of a council of locals to govern the colony in his absence...	1690	English military command	La Tourasse was a sergeant in the French garrison at the time of Phips' expedition. Phips placed him at the head of a council of locals (that notably included Alexandre Le Borgne de Belle-Isle Alexandre Le Borgne de Belle-Isle Alexandre le Borgne de Belle-Isle , the son of Emmanuel Le Borgne, was a temporary governor of Acadia.- External links :* *... ) to govern the colony in his absence. Tourasse's tenure in authority ended with Villebon's arrival, but Tourasse remained in command of Port Royal.
Joseph Robineau de Villebon Joseph Robineau de Villebon Joseph Robineau de Villebon , a governor of Acadia, was born in New France and received much of his education and military experience in France.... (commandant)	1691–1700	French crown	Robineau arrived at Port Royal not long after Phips departed. As de facto French commander, he immediately relocated the seat of government to Jemseg, and was eventually given a commission as commandant of Acadia in 1691. He directed French military efforts against New England until the end of the Nine Years' War in 1697. Villebon's treatment of the inhabitants was at times controversial.
Claude-Sébastien de Villieu Claude-Sébastien de Villieu Claude-Sébastien de Villieu was a French military officer best known for his service in New France. In addition to service during King William's War, he served for a time as military governor of Acadia.... (acting commandant)	1700–1701	French crown	Villieu governed the colony after Villebon's death until his successor de Brouillan arrived. He also acted as acting commander during some of de Brouillan's absences from the colony.
Jacques-François de Monbeton de Brouillan Jacques-François de Monbeton de Brouillan Jacques-François de Monbeton de Brouillan French military officer and Governor of Plaisance , Newfoundland....	1701–1705	French crown	De Brouillan's first commission was as commandant; he was elevated to governor in 1702. He was a corrupt and sometimes cruel administrator, who thought poorly of the inhabitants. He did restart construction of fortifications at Port Royal and organized the defenses there against an anticipated attack in 1704 by Benjamin Church. He left for France shortly after to defend himself against many charges, and died at Chedabouctou on his way back in 1705.
Simon-Pierre Denys de Bonaventure Simon-Pierre Denys de Bonaventure Simon-Pierre Denys de Bonaventure was an officer in the colonial troupes de la marine of New France and was heavily involved with the events of Acadia from 1685 until his death... (acting)	1705–1706	French crown	Bonaventure petitioned to formally replace de Brouillan after the latter's death, but the position went instead to the governor of Plaisance, Daniel d'Auger de Subercase Daniel d'Auger de Subercase Daniel d'Auger de Subercase naval officer and French governor of Newfoundland, born Orthez, Béarn died Cannes-Ecluse, Île-de-France.... . Bonaventure governed until Subercase's arrival in 1706.
Daniel d'Auger, sieur de Subercase Daniel d'Auger de Subercase Daniel d'Auger de Subercase naval officer and French governor of Newfoundland, born Orthez, Béarn died Cannes-Ecluse, Île-de-France....	1706–1710	French crown	Subercase successfully repulsed two attempts by English colonists to take Port Royal Siege of Port Royal (1707) The Siege of Port Royal in 1707 was two separate attempts by English colonists from New England to conquer Acadia by capturing its capital Port Royal during Queen Anne's War. Both attempts were made by colonial militia, and were led by men inexperienced in siege warfare... in 1707. He orchestrated highly successful privateering operations against the New Englanders, but was unable to prevent the capture of Port Royal Siege of Port Royal (1710) The Siege of Port Royal , also known as the Conquest of Acadia, was conducted by British regular and provincial forces under the command of Francis Nicholson against a French Acadian garrison under the command of Daniel d'Auger de Subercase, at the Acadian capital, Port Royal... in 1710 when the British provided the New Englanders with significant naval resources and regular troops to take the Acadian capital for the last time. After his surrender, the British renamed the town Annapolis Royal Annapolis Royal, Nova Scotia Annapolis Royal is a town located in the western part of Annapolis County, Nova Scotia. Known as Port Royal until the Conquest of Acadia in 1710 by Britain, the town is the oldest continuous European settlement in North America, north of St... and installed Samuel Vetch Samuel Vetch Samuel Vetch was a Scottish soldier and colonial governor of Nova Scotia.-Early life:... as the new Governor of Nova Scotia.

See also