List of AMD CPU microarchitectures
Encyclopedia
The following is a list of AMD
CPU
microarchitecture
s.
Advanced Micro Devices
Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. or AMD is an American multinational semiconductor company based in Sunnyvale, California, that develops computer processors and related technologies for commercial and consumer markets...
CPU
Central processing unit
The central processing unit is the portion of a computer system that carries out the instructions of a computer program, to perform the basic arithmetical, logical, and input/output operations of the system. The CPU plays a role somewhat analogous to the brain in the computer. The term has been in...
microarchitecture
Microarchitecture
In computer engineering, microarchitecture , also called computer organization, is the way a given instruction set architecture is implemented on a processor. A given ISA may be implemented with different microarchitectures. Implementations might vary due to different goals of a given design or...
s.
x86 microarchitectures
- K5 microarchitectureAMD K5The K5 was AMD's first x86 processor to be developed entirely in-house. Introduced in March 1996, its primary competition was Intel's Pentium microprocessor. The K5 was an ambitious design, closer to a Pentium Pro than a Pentium regarding technical solutions and internal architecture...
- AMD's first original microarchitecture. The K5 was based on the AMD Am29000AMD Am29000The AMD 29000, often simply 29k, was a popular family of 32-bit RISC microprocessors and microcontrollers developed and fabricated by Advanced Micro Devices . They were, for a time, the most popular RISC chips on the market, widely used in laser printers from a variety of manufacturers...
microarchitecture with the addition of an x86 decoder. Although the design was similar in idea to a Pentium ProPentium ProThe Pentium Pro is a sixth-generation x86 microprocessor developed and manufactured by Intel introduced in November 1, 1995 . It introduced the P6 microarchitecture and was originally intended to replace the original Pentium in a full range of applications...
, the actual performance was more like that of a Pentium. - K6 microarchitectureAMD K6The K6 microprocessor was launched by AMD in 1997. The main advantage of this particular microprocessor is that it was designed to fit into existing desktop designs for Pentium branded CPUs. It was marketed as a product which could perform as well as its Intel Pentium II equivalent but at a...
- The K6 was not based on the K5 and was instead based on the Nx686 processor that was being designed by NexGenNexGenNexGen was a private semiconductor company that designed x86 microprocessors until it was purchased by AMD in 1996.Like competitor Cyrix, NexGen was a fabless design house that designed its chips but relied on other companies for production...
when that company was bought by AMD. The K6 was generally pin-compatible with the Intel Pentium (unlike NexGen's existing processors). - K6-2 microarchitectureAMD K6-2The K6-2 was an x86 microprocessor introduced by AMD on May 28, 1998, and available in speeds ranging from 266 to 550 MHz. An enhancement of the original K6, the K6-2 introduced AMD's 3D-Now! SIMD instruction set, featured a larger 64 KiB Level 1 cache , and an upgraded system-bus interface...
- An improved K6 with the addition of the 3DNow!3DNow!3DNow! is an extension to the x86 instruction set developed by Advanced Micro Devices . It adds single instruction multiple data instructions to the base x86 instruction set, enabling it to perform simple vector processing, which improves the performance of many graphic-intensive applications...
SIMDSIMDSingle instruction, multiple data , is a class of parallel computers in Flynn's taxonomy. It describes computers with multiple processing elements that perform the same operation on multiple data simultaneously...
instructions. - K6-III microarchitectureAMD K6-IIIThe K6-III, code-named "Sharptooth", was an x86 microprocessor manufactured by AMD, released on 22 February 1999, with 400 and 450 MHz models. It was the last Socket 7 desktop processor. For an extremely short time after its release, the fastest available desktop processor from Intel was the...
- A further improved K6 with three levels of cacheCacheIn computer engineering, a cache is a component that transparently stores data so that future requests for that data can be served faster. The data that is stored within a cache might be values that have been computed earlier or duplicates of original values that are stored elsewhere...
– 64 KB L1, 256 KB full-speed on-die L2, and a variable (up to 2 MB) motherboard-mounted L3. - K7 microarchitectureAthlonAthlon is the brand name applied to a series of x86-compatible microprocessors designed and manufactured by Advanced Micro Devices . The original Athlon was the first seventh-generation x86 processor and, in a first, retained the initial performance lead it had over Intel's competing processors...
- Microarchitecture of the AMD AthlonAthlonAthlon is the brand name applied to a series of x86-compatible microprocessors designed and manufactured by Advanced Micro Devices . The original Athlon was the first seventh-generation x86 processor and, in a first, retained the initial performance lead it had over Intel's competing processors...
and Athlon XP microprocessors. Was a very advanced design for its day. - K8 microarchitectureAMD K8The AMD K8 is a computer processor microarchitecture designed by AMD as the successor to the AMD K7 microarchitecture. The K8 was the first implementation of the AMD64 64-bit extension to the x86 processor architecture.Processors based on the K8 core include:...
- Also called Hammer (its AMD internal codename), or SledgeHammer (after the first die in the Hammer family). The K8s central processor unit is based on the K7 but was extended to 64 bitsX86-64x86-64 is an extension of the x86 instruction set. It supports vastly larger virtual and physical address spaces than are possible on x86, thereby allowing programmers to conveniently work with much larger data sets. x86-64 also provides 64-bit general purpose registers and numerous other...
, added an integrated memory controllerMemory controllerThe memory controller is a digital circuit which manages the flow of data going to and from the main memory. It can be a separate chip or integrated into another chip, such as on the die of a microprocessor...
, HyperTransportHyperTransportHyperTransport , formerly known as Lightning Data Transport , is a technology for interconnection of computer processors. It is a bidirectional serial/parallel high-bandwidth, low-latency point-to-point link that was introduced on April 2, 2001...
communication fabric, L2 cacheCacheIn computer engineering, a cache is a component that transparently stores data so that future requests for that data can be served faster. The data that is stored within a cache might be values that have been computed earlier or duplicates of original values that are stored elsewhere...
sizes up to 1 MBMegabyteThe megabyte is a multiple of the unit byte for digital information storage or transmission with two different values depending on context: bytes generally for computer memory; and one million bytes generally for computer storage. The IEEE Standards Board has decided that "Mega will mean 1 000...
(1128 KB total cache), and SSE2SSE2SSE2, Streaming SIMD Extensions 2, is one of the Intel SIMD processor supplementary instruction sets first introduced by Intel with the initial version of the Pentium 4 in 2001. It extends the earlier SSE instruction set, and is intended to fully supplant MMX. Intel extended SSE2 to create SSE3...
. Later K8 added SSE3SSE3SSE3, Streaming SIMD Extensions 3, also known by its Intel code name Prescott New Instructions , is the third iteration of the SSE instruction set for the IA-32 architecture. Intel introduced SSE3 in early 2004 with the Prescott revision of their Pentium 4 CPU...
. The K8 was the first mainstream WindowsMicrosoft WindowsMicrosoft Windows is a series of operating systems produced by Microsoft.Microsoft introduced an operating environment named Windows on November 20, 1985 as an add-on to MS-DOS in response to the growing interest in graphical user interfaces . Microsoft Windows came to dominate the world's personal...
-compatible 64-bit microprocessor and was released April 22, 2003. K8 replaced the traditional front side busFront side busA front-side bus is a computer communication interface often used in computers during the 1990s and 2000s.It typically carries data between the central processing unit and a memory controller hub, known as the northbridge....
with a HyperTransportHyperTransportHyperTransport , formerly known as Lightning Data Transport , is a technology for interconnection of computer processors. It is a bidirectional serial/parallel high-bandwidth, low-latency point-to-point link that was introduced on April 2, 2001...
communication fabric. Also known as AMD Family 15. - Family 10h microarchitectureAMD K10The AMD Family 10h is a microprocessor microarchitecture by AMD. Though there were once reports that the K10 had been canceled, the first third-generation Opteron products for servers were launched on September 10, 2007, with the Phenom processors for desktops following and launching on November...
- The Family 10h microarchitecture, called K10 popularly, is an architecture which is based on the K8 microarchitecture. Shared Level 3 Cache, 128-bit floating pointFloating pointIn computing, floating point describes a method of representing real numbers in a way that can support a wide range of values. Numbers are, in general, represented approximately to a fixed number of significant digits and scaled using an exponent. The base for the scaling is normally 2, 10 or 16...
units, AMD-V Nested Paging virtualization, and HyperTransport 3.0 are introduced in the Family 10h microarchitecture. Barcelona was the first design which implemented it. - Family 11h microarchitecture - The Family 11h microarchitecture is a mixture of elements of both K8 and K10 to address the requirements for lower power consumption of the notebook market. It was marketed as the Turion X2 Ultra. It was later superseded by entirely K10-based notebook CPU designs.
- Family 12h microarchitectureAMD FusionAMD Fusion is the marketing name for a series of APUs by AMD. There are two flavors of Fusion currently available, one with its CPU logic based on the Bobcat core and the other its CPU logic based on the 10h core. In both cases the GPU logic is HD6xxx, which itself is based on the mobile variant of...
- The Family 12h microarchitecture, called Llano popularly, is an evolution of the K10 design featuring a 1MB L2 cache per core, no L3 cache, improvements to the hardware prefetcher, a redesigned memory controller, power-saving improvements including clock gating, and Onion and Garlic interfaces for interfacing with an on-die GPU. It is used in AMD Fusion A8, A6, A4 and E2 CPUs. - Family 14h microarchitectureBobcat (processor)Bobcat is the latest x86 processor core from AMD aimed at low-power / low-cost market.It was revealed during a speech from AMD executive vice-president Henri Richard in Computex 2007 and was put into production Q1 2011. One of the major supporters was executive vice-president Mario A...
- The Family 14h microarchitecture, codenamed Bobcat, is a new distinct line from the original AMD64 microarchitectures, which is aimed in the 1 WWattThe watt is a derived unit of power in the International System of Units , named after the Scottish engineer James Watt . The unit, defined as one joule per second, measures the rate of energy conversion.-Definition:...
to 10 W power category; the microprocessor core is in fact a very simplified x86 core. Ontario and Zacate were the first designs which implemented it. - Family 15h microarchitectureBulldozer (processor)Bulldozer is the codename Advanced Micro Devices has given to one of the next-generation CPU cores after the K10 microarchitecture for the company's M-SPACE design methodology, with the core specifically aimed at 10-watt to 125-watt TDP computing products. Bulldozer is a completely new design...
- The Family 15h microarchitecture, codenamed Bulldozer, is the successor of the Family 10h microarchitecture. Bulldozer is designed for processors in the 10 WWattThe watt is a derived unit of power in the International System of Units , named after the Scottish engineer James Watt . The unit, defined as one joule per second, measures the rate of energy conversion.-Definition:...
to 100 W category, implementing XOPXOP instruction setThe XOP instruction set, announced by AMD on May 1, 2009, is an extension to the 128-bit SSE core instructions in the x86 and AMD64 instruction set for the Bulldozer processor core, which was released on October 12th, 2011....
, FMA4 and CVT16CVT16 instruction setThe CVT16 instruction set, announced by AMD on May 1, 2009, is an extension to the 128-bit SSE core instructions in the x86 and AMD64 instruction set.CVT16 is a revision of part of the SSE5 instruction set proposal announced on August 30, 2007...
instruction sets. Orochi was the first design which implemented it.
| List of AMD CPU microarchitectures | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Microarchitecture | Pipeline stages | Thermal Design Power | TDP to Clock Speed Ratio (W/GHz) |
| K5 AMD K5 The K5 was AMD's first x86 processor to be developed entirely in-house. Introduced in March 1996, its primary competition was Intel's Pentium microprocessor. The K5 was an ambitious design, closer to a Pentium Pro than a Pentium regarding technical solutions and internal architecture... |
15.8 (K5 PR100) | 158 (K5 PR100) | |
| K6 AMD K6 The K6 microprocessor was launched by AMD in 1997. The main advantage of this particular microprocessor is that it was designed to fit into existing desktop designs for Pentium branded CPUs. It was marketed as a product which could perform as well as its Intel Pentium II equivalent but at a... (design by NexGen NexGen NexGen was a private semiconductor company that designed x86 microprocessors until it was purchased by AMD in 1996.Like competitor Cyrix, NexGen was a fabless design house that designed its chips but relied on other companies for production... ) |
6 | 20 W (PR 200) | 100 (PR 200) |
| K6-2 AMD K6-2 The K6-2 was an x86 microprocessor introduced by AMD on May 28, 1998, and available in speeds ranging from 266 to 550 MHz. An enhancement of the original K6, the K6-2 introduced AMD's 3D-Now! SIMD instruction set, featured a larger 64 KiB Level 1 cache , and an upgraded system-bus interface... (+3DNow! 3DNow! 3DNow! is an extension to the x86 instruction set developed by Advanced Micro Devices . It adds single instruction multiple data instructions to the base x86 instruction set, enabling it to perform simple vector processing, which improves the performance of many graphic-intensive applications... ) |
20.75 W (PR 500) | 104 (PR 500) | |
| K6-III AMD K6-III The K6-III, code-named "Sharptooth", was an x86 microprocessor manufactured by AMD, released on 22 February 1999, with 400 and 450 MHz models. It was the last Socket 7 desktop processor. For an extremely short time after its release, the fastest available desktop processor from Intel was the... (+ motherboard-mounted L3 cache) |
16 W (PR 450) | 36 (PR 450) | |
| K7 Athlon Athlon is the brand name applied to a series of x86-compatible microprocessors designed and manufactured by Advanced Micro Devices . The original Athlon was the first seventh-generation x86 processor and, in a first, retained the initial performance lead it had over Intel's competing processors... (AMD Athlon Athlon Athlon is the brand name applied to a series of x86-compatible microprocessors designed and manufactured by Advanced Micro Devices . The original Athlon was the first seventh-generation x86 processor and, in a first, retained the initial performance lead it had over Intel's competing processors... and Athlon XP) |
62 W (Athlon 1000), 74.3 W (Athlon XP 3000+) | 62 (Athlon 1000), 34.4 (Athlon XP 3000+) | |
| K8 Opteron Opteron is AMD's x86 server and workstation processor line, and was the first processor which supported the AMD64 instruction set architecture . It was released on April 22, 2003 with the SledgeHammer core and was intended to compete in the server and workstation markets, particularly in the same... (Hammer; +64 bits X86-64 x86-64 is an extension of the x86 instruction set. It supports vastly larger virtual and physical address spaces than are possible on x86, thereby allowing programmers to conveniently work with much larger data sets. x86-64 also provides 64-bit general purpose registers and numerous other... , + integrated memory controller Memory controller The memory controller is a digital circuit which manages the flow of data going to and from the main memory. It can be a separate chip or integrated into another chip, such as on the die of a microprocessor... , HyperTransport HyperTransport HyperTransport , formerly known as Lightning Data Transport , is a technology for interconnection of computer processors. It is a bidirectional serial/parallel high-bandwidth, low-latency point-to-point link that was introduced on April 2, 2001... ) |
55 W (Opteron Opteron Opteron is AMD's x86 server and workstation processor line, and was the first processor which supported the AMD64 instruction set architecture . It was released on April 22, 2003 with the SledgeHammer core and was intended to compete in the server and workstation markets, particularly in the same... 246 2GHz) |
27.5 (Opteron 246 2GHz) | |
| Family 10h AMD K10 The AMD Family 10h is a microprocessor microarchitecture by AMD. Though there were once reports that the K10 had been canceled, the first third-generation Opteron products for servers were launched on September 10, 2007, with the Phenom processors for desktops following and launching on November... (K10, Barcelona, +AMD-V Nested Paging virtualization) |
95 Watt (Phenom II Phenom II Phenom II is a family of AMD's multi-core 45 nm processors using the AMD K10 microarchitecture, succeeding the original Phenom. Advanced Micro Devices released the Socket AM2+ version of Phenom II in December 2008, while Socket AM3 versions with DDR3 support, along with an initial batch of... X6 1100T 6cores 3.3 to 3.7(turbo freq.) GHz) |
29 (Phenom II Phenom II Phenom II is a family of AMD's multi-core 45 nm processors using the AMD K10 microarchitecture, succeeding the original Phenom. Advanced Micro Devices released the Socket AM2+ version of Phenom II in December 2008, while Socket AM3 versions with DDR3 support, along with an initial batch of... X6 1100T 6cores 3.3 to 3.7(turbo freq.) GHz) |
|
| Family 14h Bobcat (processor) Bobcat is the latest x86 processor core from AMD aimed at low-power / low-cost market.It was revealed during a speech from AMD executive vice-president Henri Richard in Computex 2007 and was put into production Q1 2011. One of the major supporters was executive vice-president Mario A... (Bobcat, AMD64 low power +Integrated graphic) |
9 W (C-50 1GHz, dual core, 280 MHz Radeon HD 6250) | 9 (C-50 1GHz, dual core, 280 MHz Radeon HD 6250) | |
| Family 15h Bulldozer (processor) Bulldozer is the codename Advanced Micro Devices has given to one of the next-generation CPU cores after the K10 microarchitecture for the company's M-SPACE design methodology, with the core specifically aimed at 10-watt to 125-watt TDP computing products. Bulldozer is a completely new design... (Bulldozer 4,6,8 cores; Socket AM3+) |
95 W (FX-8110 8cores 3.6 to 4(turbo freq.) GHz) | 26 (FX-8110 8cores 3.6 to 4(turbo freq.) GHz |
Other microarchitectures
- AMD Am2900 microarchitectureAMD Am2900Am2900 is a family of integrated circuits created in 1975 by Advanced Micro Devices . They were constructed with bipolar devices, in a bit-slice topology, and were designed to be used as modular components each representing a different aspect of a computer control unit...
- Bit-slice architecture designed in 1975. - AMD Am29000 microarchitectureAMD Am29000The AMD 29000, often simply 29k, was a popular family of 32-bit RISC microprocessors and microcontrollers developed and fabricated by Advanced Micro Devices . They were, for a time, the most popular RISC chips on the market, widely used in laser printers from a variety of manufacturers...
- Popular line of 32-bit microprocessors and microcontrollers.
See also
- Advanced Micro DevicesAdvanced Micro DevicesAdvanced Micro Devices, Inc. or AMD is an American multinational semiconductor company based in Sunnyvale, California, that develops computer processors and related technologies for commercial and consumer markets...
- Phenom (processor)Phenom (processor)Phenom is the 64-bit AMD desktop processor line based on the K10 microarchitecture, in what AMD calls family 10h processors, sometimes incorrectly called "K10h". Triple-core versions belong to the Phenom 8000 series and quad cores to the AMD Phenom X4 9000 series...
- AMD K10AMD K10The AMD Family 10h is a microprocessor microarchitecture by AMD. Though there were once reports that the K10 had been canceled, the first third-generation Opteron products for servers were launched on September 10, 2007, with the Phenom processors for desktops following and launching on November...
- AMD Athlon 64
- AMD Athlon
- AMD K6-IIIAMD K6-IIIThe K6-III, code-named "Sharptooth", was an x86 microprocessor manufactured by AMD, released on 22 February 1999, with 400 and 450 MHz models. It was the last Socket 7 desktop processor. For an extremely short time after its release, the fastest available desktop processor from Intel was the...
- AMD K6-2AMD K6-2The K6-2 was an x86 microprocessor introduced by AMD on May 28, 1998, and available in speeds ranging from 266 to 550 MHz. An enhancement of the original K6, the K6-2 introduced AMD's 3D-Now! SIMD instruction set, featured a larger 64 KiB Level 1 cache , and an upgraded system-bus interface...
- AMD K6AMD K6The K6 microprocessor was launched by AMD in 1997. The main advantage of this particular microprocessor is that it was designed to fit into existing desktop designs for Pentium branded CPUs. It was marketed as a product which could perform as well as its Intel Pentium II equivalent but at a...
- AMD K5AMD K5The K5 was AMD's first x86 processor to be developed entirely in-house. Introduced in March 1996, its primary competition was Intel's Pentium microprocessor. The K5 was an ambitious design, closer to a Pentium Pro than a Pentium regarding technical solutions and internal architecture...
- Comparison of AMD ProcessorsComparison of AMD ProcessorsColors of the processor code names indicate same core.-See also:* List of AMD microprocessors* List of future AMD microprocessors* List of AMD Phenom microprocessors* List of AMD Fusion microprocessors* Advanced Micro Devices...
- List of Intel CPU microarchitectures
- XScaleXScaleThe XScale, a microprocessor core, is Intel's and Marvell's implementation of the ARMv5 architecture, and consists of several distinct families: IXP, IXC, IOP, PXA and CE . Intel sold the PXA family to Marvell Technology Group in June 2006....