Lester Bowie
Encyclopedia
Lester Bowie was an American jazz
Jazz
Jazz is a musical style that originated at the beginning of the 20th century in African American communities in the Southern United States. It was born out of a mix of African and European music traditions. From its early development until the present, jazz has incorporated music from 19th and 20th...

 trumpet
Trumpet
The trumpet is the musical instrument with the highest register in the brass family. Trumpets are among the oldest musical instruments, dating back to at least 1500 BCE. They are played by blowing air through closed lips, producing a "buzzing" sound which starts a standing wave vibration in the air...

 player and composer
Composer
A composer is a person who creates music, either by musical notation or oral tradition, for interpretation and performance, or through direct manipulation of sonic material through electronic media...

. He was a member of the AACM
Association for the Advancement of Creative Musicians
The Association for the Advancement of Creative Musicians is a non-profit organization, founded in Chicago, Illinois, United States, by pianist/composer Muhal Richard Abrams, pianist Jodie Christian, drummer Steve McCall, and composer Phil Cohran....

, and cofounded the Art Ensemble of Chicago
Art Ensemble of Chicago
The Art Ensemble of Chicago is an avant-garde jazz ensemble that grew out of Chicago's AACM in the late 1960s. The group continues to tour and record through 2006, despite the deaths of two of the founding members....

.

Biography

Born in the historic village of Bartonsville in Frederick, Maryland
Frederick, Maryland
Frederick is a city in north-central Maryland. It is the county seat of Frederick County, the largest county by area in the state of Maryland. Frederick is an outlying community of the Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is part of a greater...

, Bowie grew up in St Louis, Missouri. At the age of five he started studying the trumpet with his father, a professional musician. He played with blues
Blues
Blues is the name given to both a musical form and a music genre that originated in African-American communities of primarily the "Deep South" of the United States at the end of the 19th century from spirituals, work songs, field hollers, shouts and chants, and rhymed simple narrative ballads...

 musicians such as Little Milton
Little Milton
James Milton Campbell, Jr. , better known as Little Milton, was an American electric blues, rhythm and blues, and soul singer and guitarist, best known for his hit records "Grits Ain't Groceries" and "We're Gonna Make It."-Biography:Milton was born James Milton Campbell, Jr., in the Mississippi...

 and Albert King
Albert King
Albert King was an American blues guitarist and singer, and a major influence in the world of blues guitar playing.-Career:...

, and rhythm and blues
Rhythm and blues
Rhythm and blues, often abbreviated to R&B, is a genre of popular African American music that originated in the 1940s. The term was originally used by record companies to describe recordings marketed predominantly to urban African Americans, at a time when "urbane, rocking, jazz based music with a...

 stars such as Solomon Burke
Solomon Burke
Solomon Burke was an American singer-songwriter, entrepreneur, mortician, and an archbishop of the United House of Prayer For All People. Burke was known as "King Solomon", the "King of Rock 'n' Soul", and as the "Bishop of Soul", and described as "the Muhammad Ali of soul", and as "the most...

, Joe Tex
Joe Tex
Joseph Arrington, Jr. , better known as "Joe Tex", was an American Southern soul singer-songwriter, most popular during the 1960s and 1970s...

, and Rufus Thomas
Rufus Thomas
Rufus Thomas, Jr. was an American rhythm and blues, funk and soul singer and comedian fromMemphis, Tennessee, who recorded on Sun Records in the...

. In 1965, he became Fontella Bass
Fontella Bass
Fontella Bass is an American soul singer, who is best known for the 1965 R&B hit "Rescue Me", which she also co-wrote.-Early life:...

's musical director and husband. He was a co-founder of Black Artists Group
Black Artists Group
The Black Artists Group was a multidisciplinary arts collective that existed in St. Louis, Missouri from 1968 to 1972.Members included saxophonists Julius Hemphill, Oliver Lake, J. D...

 (BAG) in St Louis.

In 1966, he moved to Chicago
Chicago
Chicago is the largest city in the US state of Illinois. With nearly 2.7 million residents, it is the most populous city in the Midwestern United States and the third most populous in the US, after New York City and Los Angeles...

, where he worked as a studio musician, and met Muhal Richard Abrams
Muhal Richard Abrams
Muhal Richard Abrams is an American educator, administrator, composer, arranger, clarinetist, cellist, and jazz pianist in the Free jazz medium. Abrams compresses both contemporary and traditional ideas into lean, elegant pieces.- Biography :Abrams attended DuSable High School in Chicago...

 and Roscoe Mitchell
Roscoe Mitchell
Roscoe Mitchell is an African American composer, jazz instrumentalist and educator, mostly known for being "a technically superb—if idiosyncratic—saxophonist." He has been called "one of the key figures" in avant-garde jazz who has been "at the forefront of modern music" for the past...

 and became a member of the AACM
AACM
AACM may refer to:* Ali Akbar College of Music, three schools founded by Indian musician Ali Akbar Khan to teach Indian classical music* Ardennes American Cemetery and Memorial, one of fourteen cemeteries for American World War II dead on foreign soil...

. In 1968, he founded the Art Ensemble of Chicago
Art Ensemble of Chicago
The Art Ensemble of Chicago is an avant-garde jazz ensemble that grew out of Chicago's AACM in the late 1960s. The group continues to tour and record through 2006, despite the deaths of two of the founding members....

 with Mitchell, Joseph Jarman
Joseph Jarman
Joseph Jarman , is a jazz musician, composer and Shinshu Buddhist priest. He is perhaps best known as one of the first members of the Association for the Advancement of Creative Musicians and the Art Ensemble of Chicago.-Early life:Jarman grew up in Chicago, Illinois...

, and Malachi Favors
Malachi Favors
Malachi Favors was a noted American jazz bassist best known for his work with the Art Ensemble of Chicago.-Biography:...

. He remained a member of this group for the rest of his life, and was also a member of Jack DeJohnette
Jack DeJohnette
Jack DeJohnette is an American jazz drummer, pianist, and composer. He is one of the most influential jazz drummers of the 20th century, due to extensive work as leader and sideman for musicians like Miles Davis, Joe Henderson, Freddie Hubbard, Keith Jarrett and Sonny...

's New Directions quartet. He lived and worked in Jamaica
Jamaica
Jamaica is an island nation of the Greater Antilles, in length, up to in width and 10,990 square kilometres in area. It is situated in the Caribbean Sea, about south of Cuba, and west of Hispaniola, the island harbouring the nation-states Haiti and the Dominican Republic...

 and Africa
Africa
Africa is the world's second largest and second most populous continent, after Asia. At about 30.2 million km² including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of the Earth's total surface area and 20.4% of the total land area...

, and played and recorded with Fela Kuti
Fela Kuti
Fela Anikulapo Kuti , or simply Fela , was a Nigerian multi-instrumentalist musician and composer, pioneer of Afrobeat music, human rights activist, and political maverick.-Biography:...

. Bowie's onstage appearance, in a white lab coat, with his goatee waxed into two points, was an important part of the Art Ensemble's stage show.

In 1984, he formed Lester Bowie's Brass Fantasy, a brass
Brass instrument
A brass instrument is a musical instrument whose sound is produced by sympathetic vibration of air in a tubular resonator in sympathy with the vibration of the player's lips...

 nonet
Nonet (music)
In music, a nonet is a composition which requires nine musicians for a performance, or a musical group that consists of nine people. The standard nonet scoring is for wind quintet, violin, viola, cello, and contrabass, though other combinations are also found...

 in which Bowie demonstrated jazz's links to other forms of popular music, a decidedly more populist approach than that of the Art Ensemble. With this group he recorded songs made popular by Whitney Houston
Whitney Houston
Whitney Elizabeth Houston is an American singer, actress, producer and a former model. Houston is the most awarded female act of all time, according to Guinness World Records, and her list of awards include 1 Emmy Award, 6 Grammy Awards, 30 Billboard Music Awards, 22 American Music Awards, among...

, Michael Jackson
Michael Jackson
Michael Joseph Jackson was an American recording artist, entertainer, and businessman. Referred to as the King of Pop, or by his initials MJ, Jackson is recognized as the most successful entertainer of all time by Guinness World Records...

, Marilyn Manson
Marilyn Manson (band)
Marilyn Manson is an American metal band from Fort Lauderdale, Florida. Formed in 1989 by Brian Warner and Scott Putesky, the group was originally named Marilyn Manson & the Spooky Kids with their uniquely theatrical performances gathering a local cult following in the early '90s. This attention...

, and the Spice Girls
Spice Girls
The Spice Girls were a British pop girl group formed in 1994. The group consisted of Victoria Beckham , Melanie Brown, Emma Bunton, Melanie Chisholm and Geri Halliwell. They were signed to Virgin Records and released their debut single, "Wannabe" in 1996, which hit number-one in more than 30...

, along with more "serious" material. His New York Organ Ensemble featured James Carter
James Carter (musician)
James Carter is an American jazz musician.Carter was born in Detroit, Michigan and learned to play there before moving to New York City. He has been prominent as a performer and recording artist on the jazz scene since the mid-1990s, playing saxophones, flute, and bass clarinet...

 and Amina Claudine Myers
Amina Claudine Myers
Amina Claudine Myers in Blackwell, Arkansas; is an American jazz pianist, organist, vocalist, composer, and musical arranger.-Biography:...

.

Although seen as part of the avant-garde
Avant-garde
Avant-garde means "advance guard" or "vanguard". The adjective form is used in English to refer to people or works that are experimental or innovative, particularly with respect to art, culture, and politics....

, Bowie embraced techniques from the whole history of jazz trumpet, filling his music with humorous smears
Glissando
In music, a glissando is a glide from one pitch to another. It is an Italianized musical term derived from the French glisser, to glide. In some contexts it is distinguished from the continuous portamento...

, blats, growls
Growling (wind instruments)
Woodwind growling is a musical technique where the instrumentalist vocalizes into the instrument to alter quality of the sound. Growling is used primarily in rock and blues style playing; it is popular in the woodwind family of instruments, especially the saxophone. It is commonly used by...

, half-valve effects, and so on. His affinity for reggae
Reggae
Reggae is a music genre first developed in Jamaica in the late 1960s. While sometimes used in a broader sense to refer to most types of Jamaican music, the term reggae more properly denotes a particular music style that originated following on the development of ska and rocksteady.Reggae is based...

 and ska
Ska
Ska |Jamaican]] ) is a music genre that originated in Jamaica in the late 1950s, and was the precursor to rocksteady and reggae. Ska combined elements of Caribbean mento and calypso with American jazz and rhythm and blues...

 is exemplified by his composition "Ska Reggae Hi-Bop", which he performed with the Skatalites on their 1994 "Hi-Bop Ska" (and again with James Carter
James Carter (musician)
James Carter is an American jazz musician.Carter was born in Detroit, Michigan and learned to play there before moving to New York City. He has been prominent as a performer and recording artist on the jazz scene since the mid-1990s, playing saxophones, flute, and bass clarinet...

 on "Conversin' With The Elders")

Also 1994, Bowie appeared on the Red Hot Organization
Red Hot Organization
Red Hot Organization is a not-for-profit, 501 3, international organization dedicated to fighting AIDS through pop culture.Since its inception in 1989, over 400 artists, producers and directors have contributed to over 15 compilation albums, related television programs and media events to raise...

's compilation album, Stolen Moments: Red Hot + Cool. The album, meant to raise awareness and funds in support of the AIDS epidemic in relation to the African American community, was heralded as "Album of the Year" by Time
Time (magazine)
Time is an American news magazine. A European edition is published from London. Time Europe covers the Middle East, Africa and, since 2003, Latin America. An Asian edition is based in Hong Kong...

.

Bowie took an adventurous and humorous approach to music and criticized Wynton Marsalis
Wynton Marsalis
Wynton Learson Marsalis is a trumpeter, composer, bandleader, music educator, and Artistic Director of Jazz at Lincoln Center. Marsalis has promoted the appreciation of classical and jazz music often to young audiences...

 for his conservative approach to jazz tradition.

Bowie died of liver cancer
Liver cancer
Liver tumors or hepatic tumors are tumors or growths on or in the liver . Several distinct types of tumors can develop in the liver because the liver is made up of various cell types. These growths can be benign or malignant...

 in 1999. The following year he was inducted into the Down Beat
Down Beat
Down Beat is an American magazine devoted to "jazz, blues and beyond" to indicate its expansion beyond the jazz realm which it covered exclusively in previous years. The publication was established in 1934 in Chicago, Illinois...

Jazz Hall of Fame. In 2001, the Art Ensemble of Chicago recorded Tribute to Lester
Tribute to Lester
Tribute to Lester is an album recorded in 2001 by the Art Ensemble of Chicago and released on ECM in 2003, their first release on the label since The Third Decade . It features performances by Roscoe Mitchell, Malachi Favors Maghostut and Don Moye...

.

As leader

Title Year Label
Numbers 1 & 2
Numbers 1 & 2
Numbers 1 & 2 is a 1967 album by Lester Bowie featuring a line-up which later became the Art Ensemble of Chicago. It was released on the Nessa label and features performances by Bowie, Roscoe Mitchell, Malachi Favors, and Joseph Jarman.-Reception:...

1967 Nessa
Nessa Records
-Discography:*n-1 Lester Bowie - Numbers 1 & 2 *n-2 Roscoe Mitchell - Congliptious...

Gittin' to Know Y'All
Gittin' to Know Y'All
-Track listing:# "Gittin' to Know Y'All " - 23:35# "Gittin' to Know Y'All " - 8:25# "Ved Soerevatn" - 5:00# "For My Two J.B.'s" - 1:06...

(features Bowie conducting the Baden-Baden Free Jazz Orchestra)
1970 MPS
MPS Records
MPS Records was a German jazz record label founded in 1968. MPS stands for "Musik Produktion Schwarzwald" .-History:...

Fast Last!
Fast Last!
Fast Last! is an album by trumpeter Lester Bowie recorded for the Muse label and released in 1974. It features performances by Bowie, Julius Hemphill, John Hicks, John Stubblefield, Joseph Bowie, Bob Stewart, Cecil McBee, Jerome Cooper, Charles Shaw and Phillip Wilson.-Reception:The Allmusic review...

1974 Muse
Muse Records
Muse Records was an American record label which released jazz and blues music.Muse was founded in the early 1970s by Joe Fields, who had previously worked as an executive for Prestige Records in the 1960s...

Rope-A-Dope
Rope-A-Dope
Rope-A-Dope is an album by trumpeter Lester Bowie recorded for the Muse label and released in 1976. It features performances by Bowie, Joseph Bowie, Malachi Favors Maghostut, Don Moye, Charles Bobo Shaw and Raymund Cheng.-Reception:...

1976 Muse
African Children
African Children
African Children is a double LP by Lester Bowie recorded for the Italian Horo label and released in 1978. It features performances by Bowie, Arthur Blythe, Amina Claudine Myers, Malachi Favors, and Phillip Wilson.-Side Two:# "Captain Courageous" -10:40...

1978 Horo
Horo Records
-HDP series:*HDP 1-2 Irio De Paula orchestra Casinha Branca*HDP 3-4 Sam Rivers trio Black Africa 1*HDP 5-6 Sam Rivers trio Black Africa 2*HDP 7-8 Ran Blake solo piano Open City*HDP 9-10 Max Roach quartet The Loadstar*HDP 11-12 Michael Smith duo Elvira Madigan...

Duet
Duet (Lester Bowie & Phillip Wilson album)
Duet is an album by trumpeter Lester Bowie and drummer Phillip Wilson recorded in 1978 and released on the Improvising Artists label. It features three duet performances by Bowie and Wilson-Reception:The Allmusic review by Michael G...

(with Phillip Wilson
Phillip Wilson (drummer)
Phillip Wilson was an American jazz percussionist, known as a founding member of the Art Ensemble of Chicago, and as a member of the Paul Butterfield Blues Band.-Biography:...

)
1978 Improvising Artists
The 5th Power 1978 Black Saint
Black Saint/Soul Note
Black Saint and Soul Note are two affiliated Italian jazz independent record labels. Since their conception in the 1970s, they have released albums from a variety of influential jazz musicians, particularly in the genre of free jazz.-History:...

The Great Pretender
The Great Pretender (Lester Bowie album)
The Great Pretender is the first album by Lester Bowie recorded for ECM and released in 1981.-Reception:The Allmusic review by Michael G. Nastos awarded the album 4 stars stating "The Great Pretender is a perfect title for this effort, a mix of funk and humor, gospel and jazz, with no small points...

1981 ECM
All the Magic
All the Magic
All the Magic is the second album by Lester Bowie recorded for ECM. It was released in 1982 as a double LP with the first disc consisting of band performances and a second disc of solo trumpet improvisations by Bowie.-Reception:...

1983 ECM
Bugle Boy Bop
Bugle Boy Bop
Bugle Boy Bop is an album by trumpeter Lester Bowie and drummer Charles "Bobo" Shaw recorded in 1977 and released on the Muse label in 1983...

(with Charles "Bobo" Shaw)
1983 Muse
Duet
Duet (Lester Bowie & Nobuyoshi Ino album)
Duet is an album by trumpeter Lester Bowie and bassist Nobuyoshi Ino recorded in Japan in 1985 and released on the Paddle Wheel label. It features seven duet performances by Bowie and Ino.-Reception:The Allmusic review awarded the album 2 stars....

(with Nobuyoshi Ino)
1985 Paddle Wheel

Lester Bowie's Brass Fantasy

Title Year Label
I Only Have Eyes for You
I Only Have Eyes for You (album)
I Only Have Eyes for You is the third album by Lester Bowie recorded for ECM and the debut album of his "Brass Fantasy" group. It was released in 1985 and features performances by Bowie, Vincent Chancey, Craig Harris, Steve Turre, Malachi Thompson, Stanton Davis, Bob Stewart and Phillip...

1985 ECM
Avant Pop
Avant Pop (album)
Avant Pop is the fourth album by Lester Bowie recorded for ECM and the second album by his "Brass Fantasy" group. It was released in 1986 and features performances by Bowie, Vincent Chancey, Frank Lacy, Rasul Siddik, Steve Turre, Malachi Thompson, Stanton Davis, Bob Stewart and Phillip...

1986 ECM
Twilight Dreams
Twilight Dreams
Twilight Dreams is an album by Lester Bowie recorded for the UK based Venture label and the third album by his "Brass Fantasy" group. It was released in 1987 and features performances by Bowie, Vincent Chancey, Frank Lacy, Steve Turre, Malachi Thompson, Rasul Siddik, Stanton Davis, Bob Stewart, and...

1987 Venture
Virgin Records
Virgin Records is a British record label founded by English entrepreneur Richard Branson, Simon Draper, and Nik Powell in 1972. The company grew to be a worldwide music phenomenon, with platinum performers such as Roy Orbison, Devo, Genesis, Keith Richards, Janet Jackson, Culture Club, Lenny...

Serious Fun 1989 DIW
DIW Records
DIW Records is a Japanese record label. It is a subsidiary label of Disc Union and specializes in jazz and avant garde music. Kazunori Sugiyama was an executive producer for the label before starting Tzadik Records with John Zorn.-Discography:...

My Way
My Way (Lester Bowie album)
My Way is the second album Lester Bowie recorded for the Japanese DIW label and the fifth album by his "Brass Fantasy" group. It was released in 1990 and features performances by Bowie, Gregory Williams, Frank Lacy, Steve Turre, E. J...

1990 DIW
Live at the 6th Tokyo Music Joy
Live at the 6th Tokyo Music Joy
Live at the 6th Tokyo Music Joy is a live album by the Art Ensemble of Chicago and Lester Bowie's Brass Fantasy recorded in February 1990 for the Japanese DIW label...

(with the Art Ensemble Of Chicago)
1990 DIW
The Fire This Time
The Fire This Time
The Fire This Time is a live album by Lester Bowie's Brass Fantasy recorded in Aarburg, Switzerland for the In & Out label. It is the seventh album by Bowie's Brass Fantasy group and features performances by Bowie, Vincent Chancey, Frank Lacy, Louis Bonilla, E. J...

1992 In & Out
The Odyssey Of Funk & Popular Music
The Odyssey Of Funk & Popular Music
The Odyssey Of Funk & Popular Music is an album by Lester Bowie's Brass Fantasy recorded for the Atlantic label in 1997...

1999 Atlantic
Atlantic Records
Atlantic Records is an American record label best known for its many recordings of rhythm and blues, rock and roll, and jazz...


Lester Bowie's New York Organ Ensemble

Title Year Label
The Organizer
The Organizer (album)
The Organizer is the fourth album Lester Bowie recorded for the Japanese DIW label and the first album by his "New York Organ Ensemble". It was released in 1991 and features performances by Bowie, Steve Turre, Amina Claudine Myers James Carter, Phillip Wilson and Famoudou Don Moye.-Reception:The...

1991 DIW
Funky T. Cool T.
Funky T. Cool T.
Funky T. Cool T. is the fifth album Lester Bowie recorded for the Japanese DIW label and the second album by his "New York Organ Ensemble". It was released in 1991 and features performances by Bowie, Steve Turre, Amina Claudine Myers James Carter, Phillip Wilson and Famoudou Don Moye.-Reception:The...

1992 DIW

With the Art Ensemble of Chicago

Title Year Label
Old/Quartet
Old/Quartet
Old/Quartet is an album recorded in 1967 by Roscoe Mitchell's Art Ensemble which later became known as the Art Ensemble of Chicago. It was released on the Nessa label in 1975 and features performances by Mitchell, Lester Bowie, Malachi Favors Maghostut and Phillip Wilson.-Reception:The Allmusic...

- Roscoe Mitchell
1967 Nessa
Nessa Records
-Discography:*n-1 Lester Bowie - Numbers 1 & 2 *n-2 Roscoe Mitchell - Congliptious...

Numbers 1 & 2
Numbers 1 & 2
Numbers 1 & 2 is a 1967 album by Lester Bowie featuring a line-up which later became the Art Ensemble of Chicago. It was released on the Nessa label and features performances by Bowie, Roscoe Mitchell, Malachi Favors, and Joseph Jarman.-Reception:...

- Lester Bowie
1967 Nessa
Congliptious
Congliptious
Congliptious is a 1968 album by Roscoe Mitchell's Art Ensemble which later became the Art Ensemble of Chicago. It was released on the Nessa label and features performances by Mitchell, Lester Bowie, Malachi Favors, and Robert Crowder...

- Roscoe Mitchell
1967 Nessa
A Jackson in Your House
A Jackson in Your House
A Jackson in Your House is a 1969 album by the Art Ensemble of Chicago recorded for the French BYG Actuel label. It features performances by Lester Bowie, Joseph Jarman, Roscoe Mitchell and Malachi Favors Maghostut...

1969 Actuel
Tutankhamun
Tutankhamun (album)
Tutankhamun is a 1969 album by the Art Ensemble of Chicago recorded for the Freedom label. It features performances by Lester Bowie, Joseph Jarman, Roscoe Mitchell and Malachi Favors Maghostut...

1969 Freedom
Freedom Records
Freedom Records was a jazz record label linked with the producer Alan Bates, as with his Black Lion Records.Individual recordings were distributed via Polydor Records and Transatlantic Records during the early 1970s before the company was bought by Arista Records.-Discography:*1000 Albert Ayler &...

the Spiritual
The Spiritual (album)
The Spiritual is an album by the Art Ensemble of Chicago recorded in 1969 for the Freedom label as the same sesioons that produced Tutankhamun...

1969 Freedom
People in Sorrow
People in Sorrow
People in Sorrow is a 1969 album by the Art Ensemble of Chicago recorded in Boulogne for the French Pathé-Marconi label, later reissued in the US on Nessa Records...

1969 Pathe Marconi
Message to Our Folks
Message to Our Folks
Message to Our Folks is a 1969 album by the Art Ensemble of Chicago recorded in Paris for the French BYG Actuel label. It features performances by Lester Bowie, Joseph Jarman, Roscoe Mitchell and Malachi Favors Maghostut.-Track listing:...

1969 Actuel
Reese and the Smooth Ones
Reese and the Smooth Ones
Reese and the Smooth Ones is a 1969 album by the Art Ensemble of Chicago recorded in Paris for the French BYG Actuel label. It features performances by Lester Bowie, Joseph Jarman, Roscoe Mitchell and Malachi Favors Maghostut.-Reception:...

1969 Actuel
Eda Wobu
Eda Wobu
Eda Wobu is an album by the Art Ensemble of Chicago recorded in Paris in 1969 and first released in 1991 by the Italian JMY label. It features performances by Lester Bowie, Joseph Jarman, Roscoe Mitchell and Malachi Favors Maghostut.-Personnel:...

1969 JMY
JMY Records
JMY Records was an Italian record label that produced a number of albums of major jazz players in the 1990s, based on mainly live recordings from the 1960s and 1970s.-Artists:* Dave Brubeck* Sarah Vaughn* Miles Davis* Quincy Jones...

Certain Blacks
Certain Blacks
Certain Blacks is an album by the Art Ensemble of Chicago recorded in Paris on February 10, 1970 and released on the America label. It features performances by Lester Bowie, Joseph Jarman, Roscoe Mitchell , Malachi Favors Maghostut, Chicago Beau, Julio Finn and William A...

1970 America
Go Home
Go Home (album)
Go Home is a 1970 album by the Art Ensemble of Chicago recorded in Paris for the French Galloway label - first released in 1973. It features performances by Lester Bowie, Joseph Jarman, Roscoe Mitchell and Malachi Favors Maghostut along with Fontella Bass, Ivan Julien, Bernard Vitet, Ambrose...

1970 Galloway
Chi-Congo
Chi-Congo
Chi-Congo is a 1970 album recorded in Paris by the Art Ensemble of Chicago first released in 1972 on the Decca Records label, later reissued in the US by Paula...

1970 Paula
Les Stances a Sophie
Les Stances a Sophie
Les Stances a Sophie is a 1970 soundtrack album by the Art Ensemble of Chicago recorded in Paris for a French film directed by Moshe Mizrahi and first released on the Pathé Marconi label in France and on Nessa Records in the U.S.. It features performances by Lester Bowie, Joseph Jarman, Roscoe...

1970 America
Live in Paris
Live in Paris (AECO album)
Live in Paris is a double live album by the Art Ensemble of Chicago recorded at the Chateau Vallon and first released on the BYG Actuel label in Japan as two separate volumes in 1974...

1970 Freedom
Art Ensemble of Chicago with Fontella Bass
Art Ensemble of Chicago with Fontella Bass
Art Ensemble of Chicago with Fontella Bass is a 1970 album by the Art Ensemble of Chicago recorded in Paris and first released on the America label...

1970 America
Phase One 1971 America
Live at Mandell Hall
Live at Mandell Hall
Live at Mandell Hall is a live album by the Art Ensemble of Chicago recorded at Mandell Hall on their return to Chicago from Europe in January 1972 and released on the Delmark label...

1972 Delmark
Delmark Records
Delmark Records is an independent American jazz and blues record label, based in Chicago since 1958. The label originated in St. Louis, Missouri, in 1953 when owner Bob Koester released a recording of the Windy City Six, a traditional jazz group, under the "Delmar" imprint.-History:Born in 1932 in...

Bap-Tizum
Bap-Tizum
Bap-Tizum is a 1972 live album by the Art Ensemble of Chicago recorded at the Ann Arbor Blues and Jazz Festival held at the Otis Spann Memorial Field and first released on the Atlantic label in 1972. It features performances by Lester Bowie, Joseph Jarman, Roscoe Mitchell, Malachi Favors Maghostut...

1972 Atlantic
Atlantic Records
Atlantic Records is an American record label best known for its many recordings of rhythm and blues, rock and roll, and jazz...

Fanfare for the Warriors
Fanfare for the Warriors
Fanfare for the Warriors is a 1973 album by the Art Ensemble of Chicago first released on the Atlantic label. It features performances by Lester Bowie, Joseph Jarman, Roscoe Mitchell, Malachi Favors Maghostut and Don Moye along with AACM leader Muhal Richard Abrams.-Reception:The Allmusic review by...

1973 Atlantic
Kabalaba
Kabalaba
Kabalaba is a live album by the Art Ensemble of Chicago recorded at the Montreux Jazz Festival in 1974 and released on their AECO label in 1978...

1974 AECO
AECO Records
-Discography:*AECO 001: Famoudou Don Moye - Sun Percussion Volume One*AECO 002: Joseph Jarman - Sunbound Volume One*AECO 003: Brother Malachi Favors Magoustous - Natural And The Spiritua*AECO 004: Art Ensemble Of Chicago - Kabalaba...

Nice Guys 1978 ECM
Live in Berlin
Live in Berlin (AECO album)
Live in Berlin is a live album by the Art Ensemble of Chicago recorded in March 1979 and first released on the West Wind label in 1991. It features performances by Lester Bowie, Joseph Jarman, Roscoe Mitchell, Malachi Favors Maghostut and Don Moye....

1979 West Wind
West Wind Records
West Wind Records was a jazz record label, releasing albums by many notable musicians during the 1980s.Some of these albums were previously issued on labels such as Circle Records .-Discography:*001 Anthony Braxton - The Coventry Concert 1980...

Full Force 1980 ECM
Urban Bushmen
Urban Bushmen
Urban Bushmen is a 1980 live album by the Art Ensemble of Chicago recorded in Munich and released on the ECM label. It features performances by Lester Bowie, Joseph Jarman, Roscoe Mitchell, Malachi Favors Maghostut and Don Moye.-Reception:...

1980 ECM
Among the People
Among the People
Among the People is a live album by the Art Ensemble of Chicago originally released in 1981 as an LP on the Greek Praxis label, and rereleased on CD as Live in Milano on the Golden Years of New Jazz label...

1980 Praxis
Praxis Records
Praxis Records is an independent record label based in Berlin, Germany, releasing primarily harsh experimental electronic music. The label was founded in 1992 by Christoph Fringeli, who has released music under numerous monikers such as Base Force One, Scaremonger and Metatron.-Roster:Praxis...

The Complete Live in Japan
The Complete Live in Japan
The Complete Live in Japan is a live album by the Art Ensemble of Chicago released in 1988 on the Japanese DIW label. It features a live performance by Lester Bowie, Joseph Jarman, Roscoe Mitchell, Malachi Favors Maghostut and Don Moye recorded in Gotanda, Japan in 1984...

1984 DIW
DIW Records
DIW Records is a Japanese record label. It is a subsidiary label of Disc Union and specializes in jazz and avant garde music. Kazunori Sugiyama was an executive producer for the label before starting Tzadik Records with John Zorn.-Discography:...

The Third Decade
The Third Decade
The Third Decade is a 1984 album by the Art Ensemble of Chicago released on the ECM label. It features performances by Lester Bowie, Joseph Jarman, Roscoe Mitchell, Malachi Favors Maghostut and Don Moye.-Reception:...

1984 ECM
Naked
Naked (AECO album)
Naked is a 1986 album by the Art Ensemble of Chicago released on the Japanese DIW label. It features performances by Lester Bowie, Joseph Jarman, Roscoe Mitchell, Malachi Favors Maghostut and Don Moye.-Reception:...

1986 DIW
Ancient to the Future
Ancient to the Future
Ancient to the Future: Dreaming of the Masters Series Vol. 1 is a 1987 album by the Art Ensemble of Chicago released on the Japanese DIW label...

1987 DIW
The Alternate Express
The Alternate Express
The Alternate Express is a 1989 album by the Art Ensemble of Chicago released on the Japanese DIW label. It features performances by Lester Bowie, Joseph Jarman, Roscoe Mitchell, Malachi Favors Maghostut and Don Moye.-Reception:...

1989 DIW
Art Ensemble of Soweto
Art Ensemble of Soweto
Art Ensemble of Soweto is a 1990 album by the Art Ensemble of Chicago and the Amabutho Male Chorus released on the Japanese DIW label. It features performances by Lester Bowie, Joseph Jarman, Roscoe Mitchell, Malachi Favors Maghostut, and Don Moye with vocals by Elliot Ngubane, Kay Ngwazene,...

1990 DIW
America - South Africa
America - South Africa
America – South Africa is a 1991 album by the Art Ensemble of Chicago and the Amabutho Male Chorus released on the Japanese DIW label in association with Columbia Records...

1990 DIW
Thelonious Sphere Monk
Thelonious Sphere Monk (album)
Thelonious Sphere Monk: Dreaming of the Masters Series Vol. 2 is an album by the Art Ensemble of Chicago and Cecil Taylor released on the Japanese DIW label...

with Cecil Taylor
Cecil Taylor
Cecil Percival Taylor is an American pianist and poet. Classically trained, Taylor is generally acknowledged as one of the pioneers of free jazz. His music is characterized by an extremely energetic, physical approach, producing complex improvised sounds, frequently involving tone clusters and...

1990 DIW
Dreaming of the Masters Suite
Dreaming of the Masters Suite
Dreaming of the Masters Suite: Music Inspired by and Dedicated to John Coltrane is an album by the Art Ensemble of Chicago released on the Japanese DIW label...

1990 DIW
Live at the 6th Tokyo Music Joy
Live at the 6th Tokyo Music Joy
Live at the 6th Tokyo Music Joy is a live album by the Art Ensemble of Chicago and Lester Bowie's Brass Fantasy recorded in February 1990 for the Japanese DIW label...

with Lester Bowie's Brass Fantasy
1991 DIW
Fundamental Destiny
Fundamental Destiny
Fundamental Destiny is a live album by the Art Ensemble of Chicago and Don Pullen recorded in June 1991 in Frankfurt, Germany and released in 2007 on the group's AECO label...

with Don Pullen
Don Pullen
Don Pullen was an American jazz pianist and organist. Pullen developed a strikingly individual style throughout his career. He composed masterworks ranging from blues to bebop and modern jazz...

1991 AECO
Salutes the Chicago Blues Tradition
Salutes the Chicago Blues Tradition
Salutes the Chicago Blues Tradition is a live album recorded on 7 July 1993 in Geneva, Switzerland by the Art Ensemble of Chicago and released on their own AECO label...

1993 AECO
Coming Home Jamaica
Coming Home Jamaica
Coming Home Jamaica is a 1998 album by the Art Ensemble of Chicago originally released on the Atlantic label and reissued in 2002 on the Dreyfus label. It features performances by Lester Bowie, Roscoe Mitchell, Malachi Favors Maghostut and Don Moye with Bahnamous Lee Bowie guesting on one track....

1996 Atlantic
Urban Magic
Urban Magic
Urban Magic is a live album recorded on 4 June 1997 in Laroche-sur-Yon, France by the Art Ensemble of Chicago and originally released with the March 2003 issue of the Italian magazine Musica Jazz...

1997 Musica Jazz

with The Leaders

  • Mudfoot
    Mudfoot
    Mudfoot is the debut album by the all-star jazz group The Leaders released on the Black Hawk label in 1986. The album features performances by Lester Bowie, Chico Freeman, Arthur Blythe, Cecil McBee, Kirk Lightsey and Don Moye....

    (Black Hawk) 1986
  • Out Here Like This
    Out Here Like This
    -Track listing:# "Zero" - 7:53# "Luna" - 6:33# "Cool T." - 5:13# "Donkey Dust" - 7:06# "Portraits" - 7:58# "Felicite" - 5:59# "Loves I Once Knew" - 5:53-Personnel:*Lester Bowie – trumpet...

    (Black Saint) 1986
  • Unforeseen Blessings
    Unforeseen Blessings
    -Track listing:# "In a Minute" - 2:51# "Hip Dripper" - 3:35# "Sun Precondition Five" - 0:38# "The Search" - 2:48# "Lightish" - 1:22# "Sun Precondition Six" - 0:18# "Peacemaker" - 6:34...

    (Black Saint) 1988

As sideman

With David Bowie
David Bowie
David Bowie is an English musician, actor, record producer and arranger. A major figure for over four decades in the world of popular music, Bowie is widely regarded as an innovator, particularly for his work in the 1970s...

  • Black Tie White Noise
    Black Tie White Noise
    Black Tie White Noise is an album by David Bowie. Released in 1993, it was his first solo release in the 1990s after spending time with his hard rock band Tin Machine, retiring his old hits on his Sound+Vision Tour, and marrying supermodel Iman Abdulmajid. This album featured his old guitarist from...

    (Savage, 1993)

With Jack DeJohnette
Jack DeJohnette
Jack DeJohnette is an American jazz drummer, pianist, and composer. He is one of the most influential jazz drummers of the 20th century, due to extensive work as leader and sideman for musicians like Miles Davis, Joe Henderson, Freddie Hubbard, Keith Jarrett and Sonny...

  • New Directions
    New Directions (Jack DeJohnette album)
    - Track listing :* "Bayou Fever" – 8:40* "Where or Wayne" – 12:25* "Dream Stalker" – 5:55* "One Handed Woman" – 10:49...

    (Black Saint, 1978)
  • New Directions in Europe
    New Directions in Europe
    New Directions in Europe is a live album by Jack DeJohnette featuring Lester Bowie, John Abercrombie and Eddie Gomez recorded in 1979 and released on the ECM label in 1980...

    (Black Saint, 1979)
  • Zebra(MCA, 1989)

With Brigitte Fontaine
Brigitte Fontaine
Brigitte Fontaine, born in 1939 in Morlaix in the Brittany region of France, is a singer of avant-garde music. During the course of her career she has employed numerous unusual musical styles, melding rock and roll, folk, jazz, electronica, spoken word poetry and world rhythms...

  • Comme à la Radio (Saravah, 1971)

With Melvin Jackson
Melvin Jackson
Melvin "Lil' Son" Jackson was an American blues guitarist. He was a contemporary of Lightnin' Hopkins.-Biography:...

  • Funky Skull (Limelight, 1969)

With Fela Kuti
Fela Kuti
Fela Anikulapo Kuti , or simply Fela , was a Nigerian multi-instrumentalist musician and composer, pioneer of Afrobeat music, human rights activist, and political maverick.-Biography:...

  • No Agreement (FAK, 1977)

With Frank Lowe
Frank Lowe
Frank Lowe was an American avant-garde jazz saxophonist and composer.Born and brought up in Memphis, Tennessee, Lowe took up the tenor saxophone and then moved to San Francisco...

  • Fresh (Freedom, 1975)

With Jimmy Lyons
Jimmy Lyons
Jimmy Lyons was an alto saxophone player. He is best known for his long tenure in the Cecil Taylor Unit.-Biography:...

  • Free Jazz No. 1 (Concert Hall, 1969)
  • Other Afternoons (BYG, 1970)

With Roscoe Mitchell
Roscoe Mitchell
Roscoe Mitchell is an African American composer, jazz instrumentalist and educator, mostly known for being "a technically superb—if idiosyncratic—saxophonist." He has been called "one of the key figures" in avant-garde jazz who has been "at the forefront of modern music" for the past...

  • Sound
    Sound (Roscoe Mitchell album)
    Sound is the debut album by free jazz saxophononist Roscoe Mitchell recorded in 1966 and released on the Delmark label. It features performances by Mitchell, Lester Bowie, Malachi Favors, Maurice McIntyre, Lester Lashley and Alvin Fielder...

    (Delmark, 1966)

With David Murray
David Murray (jazz musician)
David Murray is an American jazz musician. Murray plays mainly tenor saxophone and sometimes bass clarinet. He has recorded prolifically for many record labels since the mid-1970s.-Biography:...

  • Live at the Lower Manhattan Ocean Club
    Live at the Lower Manhattan Ocean Club
    Live at the Lower Manhattan Ocean Club is a live album by David Murray. It was originally released as two volumes on the India Navigation label in 1978 and re-released in 1989 on a single CD...

    (India Navigation, 1978)

With Sunny Murray
Sunny Murray
James Marcellus Arthur "Sunny" Murray is one of the pioneers of the free jazz style of drumming.-Biography:...

  • Sunshine (BYG, 1969)
  • Homage to Africa (BYG, 1969)

With Charles Bobo Shaw
  • Under the Sun (Freedom, 1973)
  • Streets of St. Louis (Moers Music, 1974)

With Archie Shepp
Archie Shepp
Archie Shepp is a prominent African-American jazz saxophonist. Shepp is best known for his passionately Afrocentric music of the late 1960s, which focused on highlighting the injustices faced by the African-Americans, as well as for his work with the New York Contemporary Five, Horace Parlan, and...

  • Yasmina, a Black Woman
    Yasmina, a Black Woman
    Yasmina, a Black Woman is a jazz album by Archie Shepp, recorded in 1969 in Paris for BYG Actuel records. It features musicians from the Art Ensemble of Chicago...

    (BYG, 1969)
  • Blasé
    Blasé
    Blasé is an album by jazz saxophonist Archie Shepp recorded in Europe in 1969 for the BYG Actuel label.-Track listing:All songs written and arranged by Shepp, except where noted.# "My Angel" – 10:08# "Blasé" – 10:25...

    (BYG, 1969)
  • Pitchin Can
    Pitchin Can
    Pitchin Can is an album by jazz saxophonist Archie Shepp recorded in Europe in 1969 and 1970 for the America label. The album features one track by Shepp with Clifford Thornton, Noah Howard, Julio Finn, Leroy Jenkins, Dave Burrell, Earl Freeman, Sunny Murray and Chicago Beau and one extended track...

    (America, 1970)
  • Coral Rock
    Coral Rock
    Coral Rock is an album by jazz saxophonist Archie Shepp recorded in Europe in 1970 for the America label at the same sessions which produced Pitchin Can. The album was also issued by the Prestige label in 1973. The Allmusic review by Brandon Burke states "Coral Rock features an absolutely monster...

    (America, 1970)

With Alan Silva
Alan Silva
Alan Silva is an American free jazz double bassist and keyboard player.-Biography:...

  • Seasons (BYG, 1971)

With Wadada Leo Smith
Wadada Leo Smith
Ishmael Wadada Leo Smith is a trumpeter and composer working primarily in the fields of avant-garde jazz and free improvisation.-Biography:...

  • Divine Love
    Divine Love (album)
    Divine Love is an album by American jazz trumpeter and composer Leo Smith recorded in 1978 and released on the ECM label.-Reception:The Penguin Guide to Jazz selected this album as part of its suggested Core Collection....

    (ECM, 1979)


  • Funky Donkey Vol. 1 & 2 (Atavistic) (Luther Thomas
    Luther Thomas
    thumb|right|upright=2|Dizzazz in June 1981. From left to right : Luther Thomas , Danny Petroni , Donald Nicks , Marvin Neal , Warren Benbow , John K. Mulkerin and Billy "Spaceman" Paterson...

     & the Human Arts Ensemble)
  • Under the Sun (Universal Justice) 1974 (Human Arts Ensemble
    Human Arts Ensemble
    The Human Arts Ensemble was a 1970s musical collective operating in St. Louis, Missouri. Members explored free jazz and loosely associated themselves with the Association for the Advancement of Creative Musicians and the Black Artists' Group collective...

    )

  • Funky Donkey 1977 (Circle) (Luther Thomas
    Luther Thomas
    thumb|right|upright=2|Dizzazz in June 1981. From left to right : Luther Thomas , Danny Petroni , Donald Nicks , Marvin Neal , Warren Benbow , John K. Mulkerin and Billy "Spaceman" Paterson...

     Creative Ensemble)

  • Free to Dance (Black Saint) 1979 (Marcello Melis)
  • 6 x 1 = 10 Duos for a New Decade (Circle) 1980 (John Fischer
    John Fischer (pianist)
    John Fischer is a pianist, composer and visual artist. He is also a pioneer in the field of computer art. During the 1970s, during the loft jazz era in New York City, Fischer ran a performance loft and gallery known as Environ....

    )
  • The Razor's Edge/Strangling Me With Your Love (Hannibal, 12") 1982 (Defunkt
    Defunkt
    Defunkt is a musical group founded by trombonist/singer Joseph Bowie 1978 in New York, United States, and still active. Their music touches on elements of punk rock, funk and jazz....

    )
  • The Ritual (Sound Aspects) 1985 (Kahil El'Zabar
    Kahil El'Zabar
    Kahil EL'Zabar is a jazz multi-instrumentalist and composer. He regularly records for Delmark Records. He joined the Association for the Advancement of Creative Musicians in the early 1970s, and became its chairman in 1975...

    )
  • Meet Danny Wilson
    Meet Danny Wilson
    Meet Danny Wilson was the debut album from the Scottish pop group Danny Wilson. It became a significant hit in America, on the strength of the hit single, "Mary's Prayer."- Track listing :# "Davy" # "Aberdeen"...

    (Virgin) 1987 (Danny Wilson
    Danny Wilson (band)
    Danny Wilson were a New Wave group formed in Dundee, Scotland.-History:Having been initially formed in the early 80's performing under the names Perfect Strangers and then Dream Kitchen, brothers Gary Clark and Kit Clark formed a band with friend Ged Grimes in 1984, initially under the name...

    )
  • Sacred Love (Sound Aspects) 1988 (Kahil El'Zabar)
  • Avoid The Funk (Hannibal) 1988 (Defunkt)

  • Environ Days (Konnex) 1991 (John Fischer)

  • Cum Funky (Enemy) 1994 (Defunkt
    Defunkt
    Defunkt is a musical group founded by trombonist/singer Joseph Bowie 1978 in New York, United States, and still active. Their music touches on elements of punk rock, funk and jazz....

    )
  • Hi-Bop Ska 1994 (Skatalites)
  • Stolen Moments: Red Hot + Cool (Impulse!) 1994 (Various Artists) appears on one track with Digable Planets
    Digable Planets
    Digable Planets is an American alternative hip hop trio based in New York City, composed of Ishmael "Butterfly" Butler , Mary Ann "Ladybug Mecca" Vieira and Craig "Doodlebug" Irving . They released their debut album Reachin' in 1993, and their follow-up album Blowout Comb in 1994...

  • Bluesiana Hurricane (Shanachie) 1995 with Rufus Thomas
    Rufus Thomas
    Rufus Thomas, Jr. was an American rhythm and blues, funk and soul singer and comedian fromMemphis, Tennessee, who recorded on Sun Records in the...

    , Bill Doggett
    Bill Doggett
    Bill Doggett was an American jazz and rhythm and blues pianist and organist. He is best known for his tracks, "Honky Tonk" and "Hippy Dippy", and variously working with The Ink Spots, Johnny Otis, Wynonie Harris, Ella Fitzgerald, and Louis Jordan.-Biography:William Ballard Doggett was born in...

    , Chuck Rainey
    Chuck Rainey
    Chuck Rainey, is an American bass guitar session musician, known for playing with many well-known American musicians and acts, including Donald Byrd, Steely Dan, Quincy Jones, and Aretha Franklin.-Biography:Rainey's youthful pursuits included violin, piano and trumpet...

    , Bobby Watson
    Bobby Watson
    Bobby Watson is an American post-bop jazz alto saxophonist, composer, producer, and educator. Watson now has 26 recordings as a leader. He appears on nearly 100 other recordings as either co-leader or in a supporting role...

    , Will Calhoun
    Will Calhoun
    Will Calhoun is an American drummer, who graduated with honors from Berklee College of Music.-Career:...

    , and Sue Foley
    Sue Foley
    Sue Foley is a Canadian blues singer and guitarist.-Career:Foley has been writing and playing professionally since 1984. She has recorded ten albums, for both Antone's Records and Shanachie Records. She has spent over fourteen years on the road as a bandleader, lead vocalist, guitarist and...

  • Buddy Bolden's Rag (Delmark) 1995 (Malachi Thompson
    Malachi Thompson
    Malachi Richard Thompson , was an American avant-garde jazz trumpet player.- Biography :...

     & Africa Brass)
  • Not Two (Biodro Records) 1995 (Miłość and Lester Bowie)
  • Conversin' with the Elders 1996 (James Carter)
  • No Ways Tired (Nonesuch) 1995 (Fontella Bass
    Fontella Bass
    Fontella Bass is an American soul singer, who is best known for the 1965 R&B hit "Rescue Me", which she also co-wrote.-Early life:...

    )
  • Mac's Smokin' Section (McKenzie) 1996 (Mac Gollehon)
  • Hello Friend: To Ennis with Love (Verve) 1997 (Bill Cosby
    Bill Cosby
    William Henry "Bill" Cosby, Jr. is an American comedian, actor, author, television producer, educator, musician and activist. A veteran stand-up performer, he got his start at various clubs, then landed a starring role in the 1960s action show, I Spy. He later starred in his own series, the...

    )
  • My Secret Life (Calliope) 1998 (Sonia Dada
    Sonia Dada
    Sonia Dada is a Chicago-based rock/soul/rhythm and blues band, which tours with anywhere from six to eight members. The band formed in 1990, when founding member Daniel Pritzker heard three future members singing in a subway station...

    )
  • Amore Pirata (Il Manifesto) 1998 (Lorenzo Gasperoni Mamud Band feat. Lester Bowie)
  • Smokin' Live (McKenzie) 1999 (Mac Gollehon)
  • Talkin' About Life And Death
    Talkin' About Life and Death
    Talkin' About Life and Death is an album by Polish jazz band, Miłość, and American jazz musician, Lester Bowie. The songs were recorded in two days in July 1997 in Gdańsk.-Track listing:# "Venus in Furs" # "A Tribute To Drukpa Kunley"...

    (Biodro Records) 1999 (Miłość and Lester Bowie)
  • Test Pattern
    Test Pattern (album)
    Test Pattern is an album by Sonia Dada released in 2004 on Razor & Tie Records. The album was released in a gatefold CD/DVD packaging featuring a half-hour short film by Jeth Weinrich, as well as an accompanying montage for the entire album....

    (Razor & Tie) 2004 (Sonia Dada)
  • Hiroshima (Art Yard) 2007 (The Sun Ra All Stars Band)

External links

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