Lamone
Encyclopedia
Lamone is a municipality
Municipalities of Switzerland
Communes , also known as municipalities, are the smallest government division in Switzerland, numbering 2,596 . While many have a population of a few hundred citizens, the largest cities such as Zürich or Geneva also have the legal status of municipalities...

 in the district of Lugano
Lugano (district)
The district of Lugano is a district of Canton Ticino, Switzerland. It has a population of .-Geography:The Lugano District has an area, , of . Of this area, or 15.7% is used for agricultural purposes, while or 66.5% is forested...

 in the canton
Cantons of Switzerland
The 26 cantons of Switzerland are the member states of the federal state of Switzerland. Each canton was a fully sovereign state with its own borders, army and currency from the Treaty of Westphalia until the establishment of the Swiss federal state in 1848...

 of Ticino
Ticino
Canton Ticino or Ticino is the southernmost canton of Switzerland. Named after the Ticino river, it is the only canton in which Italian is the sole official language...

 in Switzerland
Switzerland
Switzerland name of one of the Swiss cantons. ; ; ; or ), in its full name the Swiss Confederation , is a federal republic consisting of 26 cantons, with Bern as the seat of the federal authorities. The country is situated in Western Europe,Or Central Europe depending on the definition....

.

History

Lamone is first mentioned in 854 as Namonni. In 1295 it was mentioned as Lamono.

A prehistoric stone bowl was discovered on San Zeno hill. The first records of the village record properties and feudal rights in Lamone in the 9th Century. These rights were probably held by the Benedictine
Benedictine
Benedictine refers to the spirituality and consecrated life in accordance with the Rule of St Benedict, written by Benedict of Nursia in the sixth century for the cenobitic communities he founded in central Italy. The most notable of these is Monte Cassino, the first monastery founded by Benedict...

 Abbey of St. Ambrose
Basilica of Sant'Ambrogio
The Basilica of Sant'Ambrogio is a church in Milan, northern Italy.-History:One of the most ancient churches in Milan, it was built by St. Ambrose in 379-386, in an area where numerous martyrs of the Roman persecutions had been buried. The first name of the church was in fact Basilica...

 in Milan
Milan
Milan is the second-largest city in Italy and the capital city of the region of Lombardy and of the province of Milan. The city proper has a population of about 1.3 million, while its urban area, roughly coinciding with its administrative province and the bordering Province of Monza and Brianza ,...

 and Como Cathedral
Como Cathedral
Como Cathedral is the Roman Catholic cathedral of the city of Como, Lombardy, Italy, and the seat of the Bishop of Como. It is dedicated to the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary. The cathedral, located near Lake Como, is one of the most important buildings in the region...

. In the 15th Century, the Duke of Milan acquired some of these rights. Other landholders included; in 1423, the hospital of S. Maria of Lugano
Lugano
Lugano is a city of inhabitants in the city proper and a total of over 145,000 people in the agglomeration/city region, in the south of Switzerland, in the Italian-speaking canton of Ticino, which borders Italy...

, the S. Giuseppe Hospital and in 1514, the monastery of Santa Maria del Carmelo in Piacenza
Piacenza
Piacenza is a city and comune in the Emilia-Romagna region of northern Italy. It is the capital of the province of Piacenza...

. In 1529, the rights of San Giuseppe and the Monastery of Santa Maria del Carmelo transferred to the Laghi family of Lugano.

The parish
Parish
A parish is a territorial unit historically under the pastoral care and clerical jurisdiction of one parish priest, who might be assisted in his pastoral duties by a curate or curates - also priests but not the parish priest - from a more or less central parish church with its associated organization...

 of Lamone (which also included Cadempino
Cadempino
Cadempino is a municipality in the district of Lugano in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.-History:Cadempino is first mentioned in 1004 as Cadampinus. Originally, it was owned by the Totoniden of Campione d'Italia. In 844 the lands, including Cadempino, were given to the monastery of S....

) is acknowledged as an independent parish in 1468. In 1758 it was elevated to a provostship
Provost (religion)
A provost is a senior official in a number of Christian churches.-Historical Development:The word praepositus was originally applied to any ecclesiastical ruler or dignitary...

. The Church of S. Andrea is mentioned for the first time in 1468, but it is probably from the 12th-13th Century. In 1612 and again in the 19th Century it was rebuilt. The bell tower dates from the Roman era
Switzerland in the Roman era
The history of Switzerland in the Roman era encompasses the roughly six centuries during which the territory of modern Switzerland was a part of the Roman Republic and Empire...

. Next to the Oratory
Oratory (worship)
An oratory is a Christian room for prayer, from the Latin orare, to pray.-Catholic church:In the Roman Catholic Church, an oratory is a structure other than a parish church, set aside by ecclesiastical authority for prayer and the celebration of Mass...

 of St. Zeno, from the late 15th Century, are the remains of a hermitage
Hermitage (religious retreat)
Although today's meaning is usually a place where a hermit lives in seclusion from the world, hermitage was more commonly used to mean a settlement where a person or a group of people lived religiously, in seclusion.-Western Christian Tradition:...

 from 854.

The grazing rights, that Lamone and Cadempino shared in the alpine meadows of Traverno and Guzzala were granted to Isone
Isone
Isone is a municipality in the district of Bellinzona in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.Isone is mainly known for being the location of the grenadier school of the Swiss Army. The Grenadiers are a corps of the infantry and is being instructed in Isone since 1970...

 in 1507. Centuries of border disputes with Cadempino were finally resolved in 1887. Formerly the inhabitants of the village lived on agriculture and from money sent back by emigrants. A mill is first mentioned in 1619. Between the 18th Century and about 1950 there was a sawmill and a sand quarry at Valeggia. The bridge over the Vedeggio river in Ostarietta was built in 1806-12 when the Lugano-Cadenazzo road was built. The bridge connects Lamone with the major roads and residential area on the right bank of the river. The river was redirected and put into a channel between 1906-11. The village train station was built in 1923. Most of the industrial and commercial enterprises are concentrated in this flat area, along the river and the highway. The industrial growth was responsible for a large increase in population between 1950-70.

Geography

Lamone has an area, , of 1.86 square kilometre (0.718150014982115 sq mi). Of this area, 0.52 km² (0.200773122468118 sq mi) or 28.0% is used for agricultural purposes, while 0.83 km² (0.320464791631804 sq mi) or 44.6% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 0.7 km² (0.270271511014775 sq mi) or 37.6% is settled (buildings or roads), 0.02 km² (4.9 acre) or 1.1% is either rivers or lakes and 0.03 km² (7.4 acre) or 1.6% is unproductive land.

Of the built up area, industrial buildings made up 6.5% of the total area while housing and buildings made up 14.0% and transportation infrastructure made up 15.1%. Power and water infrastructure as well as other special developed areas made up 1.1% of the area while parks, green belts and sports fields made up 1.1%. Out of the forested land, 39.8% of the total land area is heavily forested and 4.8% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 7.5% is used for growing crops, while 6.5% is used for orchards or vine crops and 14.0% is used for alpine pastures. All the water in the municipality is flowing water.

The municipality is located in the Lugano district, between San Zeno hill and the left bank of the Vedeggio
Vedeggio
The Vedeggio is a river of the Swiss Canton Ticino which rises on the slopes of Monte Camoghè between Bellinzona and Lugano, crosses the plain of Vedeggio , and enters Lake Lugano at Agno.-References:...

 river. It consists of the linear village
Linear village
In geography, a linear village, or linear settlement, is a small to medium-sized settlement that is formed around a transport route, such as a road, river, or canal. Wraysbury, a village in Berkshire, is one of the longest villages in England....

 of Lamone and the hamlet
Hamlet (place)
A hamlet is usually a rural settlement which is too small to be considered a village, though sometimes the word is used for a different sort of community. Historically, when a hamlet became large enough to justify building a church, it was then classified as a village...

 of Ostarietta.

Coat of arms

The blazon
Blazon
In heraldry and heraldic vexillology, a blazon is a formal description of a coat of arms, flag or similar emblem, from which the reader can reconstruct the appropriate image...

 of the municipal coat of arms
Coat of arms
A coat of arms is a unique heraldic design on a shield or escutcheon or on a surcoat or tabard used to cover and protect armour and to identify the wearer. Thus the term is often stated as "coat-armour", because it was anciently displayed on the front of a coat of cloth...

 is Azure a saltire or and in base a church argent roofed gules on a mount vert issunat from base. The St. Andrew cross
Saltire
A saltire, or Saint Andrew's Cross, is a heraldic symbol in the form of a diagonal cross or letter ex . Saint Andrew is said to have been martyred on such a cross....

 alludes to the patron saint of the parish church
Parish church
A parish church , in Christianity, is the church which acts as the religious centre of a parish, the basic administrative unit of episcopal churches....

, while the church is for the chapel dedicated to St. Zeno
Zeno of Verona
Zeno of Verona was either an early Christian Bishop of Verona or martyr. He is a saint in the Roman Catholic Church and in Eastern Orthodox Church.-Life and historicity:...

 built on the top of a hill which was a hermitage until 1832.

Demographics

Lamone has a population of . , 37.1% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years (1997–2007) the population has changed at a rate of 7.9%.

Most of the population speaks Italian
Italian language
Italian is a Romance language spoken mainly in Europe: Italy, Switzerland, San Marino, Vatican City, by minorities in Malta, Monaco, Croatia, Slovenia, France, Libya, Eritrea, and Somalia, and by immigrant communities in the Americas and Australia...

 (86.4%), with German
German language
German is a West Germanic language, related to and classified alongside English and Dutch. With an estimated 90 – 98 million native speakers, German is one of the world's major languages and is the most widely-spoken first language in the European Union....

 being second most common (4.3%) and Serbo-Croatian
Serbo-Croatian language
Serbo-Croatian or Serbo-Croat, less commonly Bosnian/Croatian/Serbian , is a South Slavic language with multiple standards and the primary language of Serbia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Montenegro...

 being third (2.7%). Of the Swiss national languages , 68 speak German, 21 people speak French
French language
French is a Romance language spoken as a first language in France, the Romandy region in Switzerland, Wallonia and Brussels in Belgium, Monaco, the regions of Quebec and Acadia in Canada, and by various communities elsewhere. Second-language speakers of French are distributed throughout many parts...

, 1,351 people speak Italian, and 6 people speak Romansh. The remainder (118 people) speak another language.

, the gender distribution of the population was 48.3% male and 51.7% female. The population was made up of 464 Swiss men (28.9% of the population), and 311 (19.4%) non-Swiss men. There were 552 Swiss women (34.4%), and 279 (17.4%) non-Swiss women.

In there were 8 live births to Swiss citizens and 4 births to non-Swiss citizens, and in same time span there were 9 deaths of Swiss citizens and 3 non-Swiss citizen deaths. Ignoring immigration and emigration, the population of Swiss citizens decreased by 1 while the foreign population increased by 1. There was 1 Swiss man who immigrated back to Switzerland. At the same time, there were 8 non-Swiss men and 6 non-Swiss women who immigrated from another country to Switzerland. The total Swiss population change in 2008 (from all sources, including moves across municipal borders) was an increase of 28 and the non-Swiss population change was a decrease of 34 people. This represents a population growth rate of -0.4%.

The age distribution, , in Lamone is; 152 children or 9.5% of the population are between 0 and 9 years old and 184 teenagers or 11.5% are between 10 and 19. Of the adult population, 197 people or 12.3% of the population are between 20 and 29 years old. 234 people or 14.6% are between 30 and 39, 292 people or 18.2% are between 40 and 49, and 208 people or 13.0% are between 50 and 59. The senior population distribution is 168 people or 10.5% of the population are between 60 and 69 years old, 108 people or 6.7% are between 70 and 79, there are 63 people or 3.9% who are over 80.

the average number of residents per living room was 0.7 which is more people per room than the cantonal average of 0.6 per room. In this case, a room is defined as space of a housing unit of at least 4 m² (43.1 sq ft) as normal bedrooms, dining rooms, living rooms, kitchens and habitable cellars and attics. About 25.6% of the total households were owner occupied, or in other words did not pay rent (though they may have a mortgage
Mortgage loan
A mortgage loan is a loan secured by real property through the use of a mortgage note which evidences the existence of the loan and the encumbrance of that realty through the granting of a mortgage which secures the loan...

 or a rent-to-own agreement).

, there were 632 private households in the municipality, and an average of 2.4 persons per household. there were 140 single family homes (or 51.9% of the total) out of a total of 270 inhabited buildings. There were 52 two family buildings (19.3%) and 58 multi-family buildings (21.5%). There were also 20 buildings in the municipality that were multipurpose buildings (used for both housing and commercial or another purpose).

The vacancy rate for the municipality, , was 0.53%. there were 714 apartments in the municipality. The most common apartment size was the 3 room apartment of which there were 277. There were 46 single room apartments and 97 apartments with five or more rooms. Of these apartments, a total of 630 apartments (88.2% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 17 apartments (2.4%) were seasonally occupied and 67 apartments (9.4%) were empty. , the construction rate of new housing units was 0 new units per 1000 residents.

The historical population is given in the following chart:

Politics

In the 2007 federal election
Swiss federal election, 2007
Elections to the Swiss Federal Assembly, the federal parliament of Switzerland, were held on Sunday, 21 October 2007. In a few cantons, a second round of the elections to the Council of States was held on 11 November, 18 November, and 25 November 2007...

 the most popular party was the FDP
FDP.The Liberals
FDP.The Liberals is a classical liberal political party in Switzerland. It is the joint-largest party in the Federal Council, third-largest party in the National Council, and second-largest in the Council of States....

 which received 29.06% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the CVP
Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland
The Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland is a Christian democratic political party in Switzerland. It is the fourth-largest party in the National Council, with 31 seats, and the largest in the Council of States, with 15 seats. It has one seat, that of Doris Leuthard, on the Swiss...

 (25.46%), the Ticino League
Ticino League
The Ticino League is an isolationist, national conservative political party in Switzerland active in the canton of Ticino.In 1991, after some public campaigning in the Sunday journal Mattino della Domenica against political power and use of public money, the editor Giuliano Bignasca and the...

 (14.75%) and the SP
Social Democratic Party of Switzerland
The Social Democratic Party of Switzerland is the largest centre-left political party in Switzerland....

 (14.57%). In the federal election, a total of 358 votes were cast, and the voter turnout
Voter turnout
Voter turnout is the percentage of eligible voters who cast a ballot in an election . After increasing for many decades, there has been a trend of decreasing voter turnout in most established democracies since the 1960s...

 was 45.8%.

In the Gran Consiglio election, there were a total of 776 registered voters in Lamone, of which 486 or 62.6% voted. 5 blank ballots were cast, leaving 481 valid ballots in the election. The most popular party was the PLRT
FDP.The Liberals
FDP.The Liberals is a classical liberal political party in Switzerland. It is the joint-largest party in the Federal Council, third-largest party in the National Council, and second-largest in the Council of States....

 which received 138 or 28.7% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were; the PPD
Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland
The Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland is a Christian democratic political party in Switzerland. It is the fourth-largest party in the National Council, with 31 seats, and the largest in the Council of States, with 15 seats. It has one seat, that of Doris Leuthard, on the Swiss...

+GenGiova (with 111 or 23.1%), the SSI (with 69 or 14.3%) and the LEGA
Ticino League
The Ticino League is an isolationist, national conservative political party in Switzerland active in the canton of Ticino.In 1991, after some public campaigning in the Sunday journal Mattino della Domenica against political power and use of public money, the editor Giuliano Bignasca and the...

 (with 68 or 14.1%).

In the Consiglio di Stato election, 9 blank ballots and 2 null ballots were cast, leaving 475 valid ballots in the election. The most popular party was the PLRT which received 120 or 25.3% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were; the PPD (with 104 or 21.9%), the LEGA (with 103 or 21.7%) and the PS (with 65 or 13.7%).

Economy

, Lamone had an unemployment rate of 4.04%. , there were 32 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 6 businesses involved in this sector. 415 people were employed in the secondary sector and there were 43 businesses in this sector. 495 people were employed in the tertiary sector, with 115 businesses in this sector. There were 766 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 39.3% of the workforce.

, there were 1,246 workers who commuted into the municipality and 574 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net importer of workers, with about 2.2 workers entering the municipality for every one leaving. About 18.0% of the workforce coming into Lamone are coming from outside Switzerland. Of the working population, 12.7% used public transportation to get to work, and 59.1% used a private car. , there were 2 hotels in Lamone.

Religion

From the , 1,213 or 77.6% were Roman Catholic, while 76 or 4.9% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church
Swiss Reformed Church
The Reformed branch of Protestantism in Switzerland was started in Zürich by Huldrych Zwingli and spread within a few years to Basel , Bern , St...

. There are 207 individuals (or about 13.24% of the population) who belong to another church (not listed on the census), and 68 individuals (or about 4.35% of the population) did not answer the question.

Education

The entire Swiss population is generally well educated. In Lamone about 50.2% of the population (between age 25-64) have completed either non-mandatory upper secondary education or additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule
Fachhochschule
A Fachhochschule or University of Applied Sciences is a German type of tertiary education institution, sometimes specialized in certain topical areas . Fachhochschulen were founded in Germany and later adopted by Austria, Liechtenstein, Switzerland and Greece...

).

In Lamone there were a total of 280 students . The Ticino education system
Education in Switzerland
The education system in Switzerland is very diverse, because the constitution of Switzerland delegates the authority for the school system mainly to the cantons...

 provides up to three years of non-mandatory kindergarten
Kindergarten
A kindergarten is a preschool educational institution for children. The term was created by Friedrich Fröbel for the play and activity institute that he created in 1837 in Bad Blankenburg as a social experience for children for their transition from home to school...

and in Lamone there were 38 children in kindergarten. The primary school program lasts for five years. In the municipality, 78 students attended the standard primary schools. In the lower secondary school system, students either attend a two year middle school followed by a two year pre-apprenticeship or they attend a four year program to prepare for higher education. There were 80 students in the two year middle school and 1 in their pre-apprenticeship, while 20 students were in the four year advanced program.

The upper secondary school includes several options, but at the end of the upper secondary program, a student will be prepared to enter a trade or to continue on to a university or college. In Ticino, vocational students may either attend school while working on their internship or apprenticeship (which takes three or four years) or may attend school followed by an internship or apprenticeship (which takes one year as a full-time student or one and a half to two years as a part-time student). There were 16 vocational students who were attending school full-time and 45 who attend part-time.

The professional program lasts three years and prepares a student for a job in engineering, nursing, computer science, business, tourism and similar fields. There were 2 students in the professional program.

, there were 242 students in Lamone who came from another municipality, while 161 residents attended schools outside the municipality.
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