L-410
Encyclopedia
The Let L-410 Turbolet is a twin-engined short-range transport aircraft
, manufactured by the Czech
aircraft manufacturer LET
, mostly used for passenger transport. Since 1969 more than 1100 airframes have been produced.
was looking for a turbine-powered
replacement for the Antonov An-2
aircraft, initiating the design development by Let. After preliminary studies of an aircraft called the L-400, a new version was introduced called the L-410 Turbolet. The first prototype, designated XL-410, flew on April 16, 1969. Because of delays in the development of a suitable Czech engine (Walter M601), the prototype and first production version were powered by Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6A-27
engines.
After M601 development was completed, the PT6 engine was replaced by M601 engines coupled with Avia V508 three-blade propellers and the next variant was introduced, the L-410M.
A further version for Aeroflot was the L-410 UVP. This has improved performance in take-off and landing due to increased wing and tail area - STOL
. However, due to an increased empty weight and a shift in the center of gravity, the aircraft had a decreased seating capacity: 15 passengers.
The L-410UVP-E (the most common variant of the L-410) has increased maximum take-off weight to 6400 kg, M601E engines with increased power, new five-blade propeller
s designated V 510 and the provision for wing tip tanks to increase fuel quantity. First flight was made in 1984, and production started in 1986.
The L-410UVP-E9 and UVP-E20 are versions which vary from each other only by minor changes arising from various certification regulations. The last L-410 family member is the L-420 which uses the new Walter engine variant, the M601F.
The L-410 UVP-E is an unpressurized
all-metal high-wing commuter aircraft, with Avia
V 510 five-blade propellers. It is equipped with a retractable undercarriage
. The aircraft uses two hydraulic circuits: main and emergency. The main electrical system operates with 28V DC. The de-icing system is leading edge pneumatic deicers
and electrical heating of propellers, cockpit
windshield
s and pitot-static system
heads. Maximum take-off weight of the L-410 UVP-E is 6400 kg with the possibility of an increase to 6600 kg for the E9 and E20 variants, seating capacity 17 to 19. Cruise speed is 170 KIAS
, maximum range about 770 nautical miles (1,426 km). The airplane is certified for IFR
operation, CAT I ILS
approach, and flights in icing conditions.
Of the more than 1,100 units built, roughly 500 remain in service. The majority were delivered to the former Soviet Union
, but have been resold, particularly to airlines in Asia
, Africa
and South America
. Forty aircraft are in use throughout Europe
for commercial operation or skydiving. There are also an unknown number in Russia
and ex-Soviet states. The aircraft can be used with short or even unpaved runways.
L-410: Prototype, three units built.
L-410A: First series with Pratt & Whitney PT6A-27 turbo-prop engines.
L-410AB: Version with four-bladed propellers.
L-410AF: Aerial photo version supplied to Hungary.
L-410AG: With modified equipment.Never built.
L-410AS: Test aircraft, supplied to the USSR. Five airplanes built
L-410M: Second series with Walter M601A engines.
L-410AM: version with improved M601Bs, also known as L-410MA or L-410MU.
L-410UVP: Third series, fundamentally modified. Main changes are a trunk, an extended wingspan by 0.80 m, M601Bs, a higher horizontal stabilizer. The UVP variants possesses STOL
characteristics (UVP=Russian for "short take-off and landing).
L-410UVP-S: Salon variant of the UVP with upward hinged entrance hatch.
L-410UVP-E: Re-equipped with M601Es, five-bladed propellers, additional fuel tanks at the wing ends. The L 410 UVP-E20 variant is type certified on the basis of FAR 23 regulation (Amendment 34) and have received the Type Certificates in the Czech Republic, Denmark, Germany, Sweden, Indonesia, the Philippines, Australia, Argentina, Brazil, Russian Federation, Cuba and Chile. After establishing the new European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) the aircraft also received full EASA Type Certificate valid for all EU (EASA) countries.
The aircraft has also been approved for operation in a number of other countries, like Algeria, Republic of South Africa, Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Tunisia, Colombia, Venezuela, South Korea, India and others.
L-410FG: Photogrammetry version based on L-410UVP
L-410T: Transport variant of the UVP with larger loading hatch (1.25 m × 1.46 m), can transport 6 stretchers as a medical airplane + a medic, or 12 parachutists. It can also carry 1,000 kg of cargo containers.
L-420: upgraded L-410UVP-E - new M601Fs The Let-420 is the US FAA certified variant of the L 410 UVP-E20 model, has been certified on the basis of FAR 23 regulation (Amendment 41) and have received the Type Certificates in the Czech Republic, USA, Australia and Indonesia and also full EASA Type Certificate.
(13), Atlantic Airlines de Honduras
(10), SEARCA (9), Heli Air
(7), South East Asian Airlines
(6), NHT Linhas Aéreas
(6), Aerolineas Sosa
(4), Manx2
(3), Tortug' Air
(3), Mombasa Air Safari
(3), ABC Air Hungary
(3), Kazan Air Enterprise
(2), TEAM Linhas Aéreas (2), Transportes Aéreos Guatemaltecos
(2) and UTair (2). Around 111 other airlines operate smaller numbers of the type.
Czech Republic
Djibouti
Slovakia
Slovenia
killing one man on board.
On June 7, 1995, a L-410 belonging to Latvian military participated in an airshow in Lielvarde military base in Latvia, during which the pilots tried to perform an (unsanctioned) barrel roll. The maneuver would likely be successful, but the initial altitude was too low (about 350 meters) and the aircraft crashed some 150 meters from spectators, killing both men on board.
On September 10, 2001, a L-410 carrying 19 people, including University of Washington
Husky football fans, alumni and alumni association members crashed into the jungle in the Mexican state of Yucatán, killing all on board.
On March 2, 2003, a L-410 carrying a load of sport skydivers crashed at the dropzone
Borki, Russia. This crash is notable as it happened at high altitude and many of the skydivers survived thanks to their parachutes and the Cypres
automatic reserve deployment system.
On May 23, 2004, two Blue Bird Aviation
Let L-410 planes hit each other inflight near Mwingi
, Kenya
. One of the planes crashed into the ground, killing both crew members (all on board), while the other landed safely
On 27 January 2005, a Farnair Hungary
Let L-410 aircraft was carrying out a non-directional beacon let-down with radar assistance at Iaşi Airport, Romania
, but when the crew notified air traffic control of their position over the airport beacon and their intention to turn right outbound, they were seen to turn left. Then the aircraft spiralled down to crash on the airfield. The two crew members on board were killed. There was light snow at the time.
On March 26, 2005, a West Caribbean Airways
Let L-410 Turbolet aircraft, registration HK-4146, on departure from El Embrujo Airport
, Isla de Providencia in the Caribbean, failed to climb and hit hills close to runway 1, killing the 2 crew and 6 of the 12 passengers. Initial reports suggest a technical fault (ref: Flight International, July 2005).
On June 2, 2005, a L-410 of Transportes Aéreos Guatemaltecos
, reg. TG-TAG, carrying 17 passengers on board crashes near Zacapa
shortly after take-off. The crew tried to return to the airfield after reporting technical problems. All crew and passengers survive the accident.
On March 31, 2006 a L-410UVP-E20, operated by TEAM Linhas Aéreas had a fatal accident. TEAM Flight 6865 departed Macaé
at 17:19 on a scheduled flight to Rio de Janeiro-Santos Dumont. The airplane PT-FSE was expected to arrive at 18:02. Contact was lost and the flight appeared to have crashed between the cities of Saquarema and Rio Bonito. All 19 people on board died.
On September 24, 2007, a L-410 operated by Free Airlines
and owned by Karibu Airways
crashed on landing at Malemba Nkulu Airport killing one and injuring five. Loss of Hull: 9Q-CVL.
On October 8, 2007, a L-410UVP-E10A carrying 15 soldiers and 3 crew members crashed in Cerro Bravo, Colombia.
On January 4, 2008, a L-410UVP-E, (SN: 872015) registration number YV2081, operated by Transaven carrying 18 passengers crashed near Islas Los Roques (SVRS), Venezuela. See: Los Roques Airport
On August 25, 2010, a L-410 crashed with 20 fatalities
in Bandundu
, Democratic Republic of the Congo
. According to the sole survivor, the crash was caused by a stampede of passengers after a crocodile escaped from a bag in the cabin. The crocodile itself survived the crash, but was killed by rescuers.
On February 14, 2011, a L-410 operated by Central American Airways carrying 12 passengers and 2 crew members, crashed before landing at Toncontín International Airport. All passengers and crew were killed.
On February 14, 2011, a L-410 operated by African Air Services Commuter, flying on behalf of the World Food Programme
on a cargo flight from Kavumu Airport
, Democratic Republic of the Congo
to Lusenge near Kava in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
, crashed into Mont Bienga shortly after departure. Both crew members were killed.
On July 13, 2011: a Noar Linhas Aéreas
Let L-410 registration PR-NOB operating flight 4896
from Recife to Natal
and Mossoró
crashed shortly after take-off from Recife. All 16 occupants were killed.
Transport aircraft
Transport aircraft is a broad category of aircraft that includes:* Airliners* Cargo aircraft* Mail planes* Military transport aircraft...
, manufactured by the Czech
Czech Republic
The Czech Republic is a landlocked country in Central Europe. The country is bordered by Poland to the northeast, Slovakia to the east, Austria to the south, and Germany to the west and northwest....
aircraft manufacturer LET
Let Kunovice
Aircraft Industries, a.s., operating as Let Kunovice, is a Czech civil aircraft manufacturer. Its most successful design has been the L-410 Turbolet, of which more than 1000 units have been built...
, mostly used for passenger transport. Since 1969 more than 1100 airframes have been produced.
Development
Development of the L-410 was started in the 1960s by the Czechoslovak aircraft manufacturer Let Kunovice. The Soviet airline AeroflotAeroflot
OJSC AeroflotRussian Airlines , commonly known as Aeroflot , is the flag carrier and largest airline of the Russian Federation, based on passengers carried per year...
was looking for a turbine-powered
Turboprop
A turboprop engine is a type of turbine engine which drives an aircraft propeller using a reduction gear.The gas turbine is designed specifically for this application, with almost all of its output being used to drive the propeller...
replacement for the Antonov An-2
Antonov An-2
The Antonov An-2 is a single-engine biplane utility/agricultural aircraft designed in the USSR in 1946...
aircraft, initiating the design development by Let. After preliminary studies of an aircraft called the L-400, a new version was introduced called the L-410 Turbolet. The first prototype, designated XL-410, flew on April 16, 1969. Because of delays in the development of a suitable Czech engine (Walter M601), the prototype and first production version were powered by Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6A-27
Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6
The Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6 is one of the most popular turboprop aircraft engines in history, and is produced by Pratt & Whitney Canada. The PT6 family is particularly well known for its extremely high reliability, with MTBO's on the order of 9000 hours in some models. In US military use, they...
engines.
After M601 development was completed, the PT6 engine was replaced by M601 engines coupled with Avia V508 three-blade propellers and the next variant was introduced, the L-410M.
A further version for Aeroflot was the L-410 UVP. This has improved performance in take-off and landing due to increased wing and tail area - STOL
STOL
STOL is an acronym for short take-off and landing, a term used to describe aircraft with very short runway requirements.-Definitions:There is no one accepted definition of STOL and many different definitions have been used by different authorities and nations at various times and for a myriad of...
. However, due to an increased empty weight and a shift in the center of gravity, the aircraft had a decreased seating capacity: 15 passengers.
The L-410UVP-E (the most common variant of the L-410) has increased maximum take-off weight to 6400 kg, M601E engines with increased power, new five-blade propeller
Propeller (aircraft)
Aircraft propellers or airscrews convert rotary motion from piston engines or turboprops to provide propulsive force. They may be fixed or variable pitch. Early aircraft propellers were carved by hand from solid or laminated wood with later propellers being constructed from metal...
s designated V 510 and the provision for wing tip tanks to increase fuel quantity. First flight was made in 1984, and production started in 1986.
The L-410UVP-E9 and UVP-E20 are versions which vary from each other only by minor changes arising from various certification regulations. The last L-410 family member is the L-420 which uses the new Walter engine variant, the M601F.
The L-410 UVP-E is an unpressurized
Cabin pressurization
Cabin pressurization is the pumping of compressed air into an aircraft cabin to maintain a safe and comfortable environment for crew and passengers when flying at altitude.-Need for cabin pressurization:...
all-metal high-wing commuter aircraft, with Avia
Avia
Avia is a Czech aircraft and automotive company notable for producing biplane fighter aircraft, especially the B-534, and trucks.- History :...
V 510 five-blade propellers. It is equipped with a retractable undercarriage
Undercarriage
The undercarriage or landing gear in aviation, is the structure that supports an aircraft on the ground and allows it to taxi, takeoff and land...
. The aircraft uses two hydraulic circuits: main and emergency. The main electrical system operates with 28V DC. The de-icing system is leading edge pneumatic deicers
Deicing boot
A deicing boot is a type of ice protection system installed on aircraft surfaces to permit a mechanical deicing in flight. Such boots are generally installed on the leading edges of wings and control surfaces A deicing boot is a type of ice protection system installed on aircraft surfaces to permit...
and electrical heating of propellers, cockpit
Cockpit
A cockpit or flight deck is the area, usually near the front of an aircraft, from which a pilot controls the aircraft. Most modern cockpits are enclosed, except on some small aircraft, and cockpits on large airliners are also physically separated from the cabin...
windshield
Windshield
The windshield or windscreen of an aircraft, car, bus, motorbike or tram is the front window. Modern windshields are generally made of laminated safety glass, a type of treated glass, which consists of two curved sheets of glass with a plastic layer laminated between them for safety, and are glued...
s and pitot-static system
Pitot-static system
A pitot-static system is a system of pressure-sensitive instruments that is most often used in aviation to determine an aircraft's airspeed, Mach number, altitude, and altitude trend. A pitot-static system generally consists of a pitot tube, a static port, and the pitot-static instruments...
heads. Maximum take-off weight of the L-410 UVP-E is 6400 kg with the possibility of an increase to 6600 kg for the E9 and E20 variants, seating capacity 17 to 19. Cruise speed is 170 KIAS
Indicated airspeed
Indicated airspeed is the airspeed read directly from the airspeed indicator on an aircraft, driven by the pitot-static system. IAS is directly related to calibrated airspeed , which is the IAS corrected for instrument and installation errors....
, maximum range about 770 nautical miles (1,426 km). The airplane is certified for IFR
Instrument flight rules
Instrument flight rules are one of two sets of regulations governing all aspects of civil aviation aircraft operations; the other are visual flight rules ....
operation, CAT I ILS
Instrument Landing System
An instrument landing system is a ground-based instrument approach system that provides precision guidance to an aircraft approaching and landing on a runway, using a combination of radio signals and, in many cases, high-intensity lighting arrays to enable a safe landing during instrument...
approach, and flights in icing conditions.
Of the more than 1,100 units built, roughly 500 remain in service. The majority were delivered to the former Soviet Union
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....
, but have been resold, particularly to airlines in Asia
Asia
Asia is the world's largest and most populous continent, located primarily in the eastern and northern hemispheres. It covers 8.7% of the Earth's total surface area and with approximately 3.879 billion people, it hosts 60% of the world's current human population...
, Africa
Africa
Africa is the world's second largest and second most populous continent, after Asia. At about 30.2 million km² including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of the Earth's total surface area and 20.4% of the total land area...
and South America
South America
South America is a continent situated in the Western Hemisphere, mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the Northern Hemisphere. The continent is also considered a subcontinent of the Americas. It is bordered on the west by the Pacific Ocean and on the north and east...
. Forty aircraft are in use throughout Europe
Europe
Europe is, by convention, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally 'divided' from Asia to its east by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian and Black Seas, and the waterways connecting...
for commercial operation or skydiving. There are also an unknown number in Russia
Russia
Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
and ex-Soviet states. The aircraft can be used with short or even unpaved runways.
Versions
L-410: Prototype, three units built.
L-410A: First series with Pratt & Whitney PT6A-27 turbo-prop engines.
L-410AB: Version with four-bladed propellers.
L-410AF: Aerial photo version supplied to Hungary.
L-410AG: With modified equipment.Never built.
L-410AS: Test aircraft, supplied to the USSR. Five airplanes built
L-410M: Second series with Walter M601A engines.
L-410AM: version with improved M601Bs, also known as L-410MA or L-410MU.
L-410UVP: Third series, fundamentally modified. Main changes are a trunk, an extended wingspan by 0.80 m, M601Bs, a higher horizontal stabilizer. The UVP variants possesses STOL
STOL
STOL is an acronym for short take-off and landing, a term used to describe aircraft with very short runway requirements.-Definitions:There is no one accepted definition of STOL and many different definitions have been used by different authorities and nations at various times and for a myriad of...
characteristics (UVP=Russian for "short take-off and landing).
L-410UVP-S: Salon variant of the UVP with upward hinged entrance hatch.
L-410UVP-E: Re-equipped with M601Es, five-bladed propellers, additional fuel tanks at the wing ends. The L 410 UVP-E20 variant is type certified on the basis of FAR 23 regulation (Amendment 34) and have received the Type Certificates in the Czech Republic, Denmark, Germany, Sweden, Indonesia, the Philippines, Australia, Argentina, Brazil, Russian Federation, Cuba and Chile. After establishing the new European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) the aircraft also received full EASA Type Certificate valid for all EU (EASA) countries.
The aircraft has also been approved for operation in a number of other countries, like Algeria, Republic of South Africa, Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Tunisia, Colombia, Venezuela, South Korea, India and others.
L-410FG: Photogrammetry version based on L-410UVP
L-410T: Transport variant of the UVP with larger loading hatch (1.25 m × 1.46 m), can transport 6 stretchers as a medical airplane + a medic, or 12 parachutists. It can also carry 1,000 kg of cargo containers.
L-420: upgraded L-410UVP-E - new M601Fs The Let-420 is the US FAA certified variant of the L 410 UVP-E20 model, has been certified on the basis of FAR 23 regulation (Amendment 41) and have received the Type Certificates in the Czech Republic, USA, Australia and Indonesia and also full EASA Type Certificate.
Civilian
At August 2006, 313 L-410 aircraft remained in airline service. Major operators included: Rivne Universal AviaRivne Universal Avia
Rivne Universal Avia is an airline based in Rivne, Ukraine. It operates a fleet of regional aircraft from Rivne for UPS. Its main base is Rivne Airport.- Fleet :In August 2006, the Rivne Universal Avia fleet include:* 1 Let L-410 T* 12 Let L-410 UVP...
(13), Atlantic Airlines de Honduras
Atlantic Airlines de Honduras
Atlantic Airlines de Honduras was an airline based in La Ceiba, Honduras, which operated domestic and regional passenger flights, mostly out of Goloson International Airport and Toncontin International Airport. The company was established in 2001...
(10), SEARCA (9), Heli Air
Heli Air
-Fleet:The Heli Air fleet includes the following aircraft :*7 Let L-410 Turbolet Reg: LZ-CCV, LZ-CCW, LZ-CCT, LZ-CCP, LZ-CCG, LZ-CCS, LZ-CCR...
(7), South East Asian Airlines
South East Asian Airlines
Southeast Asian Airlines , Inc. operating as SEAir is an airline based in Pampanga, the Philippines. It operates domestic services and its main base is Ninoy Aquino International Airport, Manila, with hubs at Godofredo P. Ramos Airport, Malay, Aklan.- History :The airline was established in 1995...
(6), NHT Linhas Aéreas
NHT Linhas Aéreas
NHT Linhas Aéreas is a regional Brazilian domestic airline based at Salgado Filho International Airport, Porto Alegre in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil...
(6), Aerolineas Sosa
Aerolineas Sosa
Aerolíneas Sosa is an airline based in La Ceiba, Honduras. It was established in 1984 and operates domestic scheduled services to 10 destinations from La Ceiba, as well as charter flights...
(4), Manx2
Manx2
Manx2 Limited is a virtual commuter airline, with its head office in Hangar 9, Isle of Man Airport in Ballasalla, Malew, Isle of Man. It sells flights and services from several airports in the UK with bases in Belfast City, Blackpool, Cardiff and Isle of Man...
(3), Tortug' Air
Tortug' Air
Tortug' Air is a domestic airline in Haiti, and serves as Haiti's national flag carrier. The airline was founded in March 2003 and is based in Port-au-Prince. According to the airline, more than 200 people are employed with the company....
(3), Mombasa Air Safari
Mombasa Air Safari
- History :Originally started by Aussie Walker in 1970 as Rapid Air, the company was purchased in 1974 by Captain John Cleave and renamed Mombasa Air Services. Based in Mombasa MAS has, since that date, always served the coast tourism industry. An additional MAS company, Malindi Air Services, was...
(3), ABC Air Hungary
ABC Air Hungary
-Fleet:ABC Air Hungary operated 3 Let L-410 Turbolet aircraft : HA-LAZ, HA-LAD, HA-LAS.-References:...
(3), Kazan Air Enterprise
Kazan Air Enterprise
Kazan Air Enterprise is an airline based in Kazan, Tatarstan, Russia. It operates air taxi services and aerial work. Its main base is Kazan International Airport.- Fleet :As of March 2011 the Kazan Air Enterprise fleet includes :*1 Bell 407...
(2), TEAM Linhas Aéreas (2), Transportes Aéreos Guatemaltecos
Transportes Aereos Guatemaltecos
Transportes Aéreos Guatemaltecos is a private passenger and cargo airline based at Guatemala La Aurora International Airport. It was founded in 1969 in Guatemala City. In 1972 the airline added a Douglas DC-3 to its fleet, competing with the state-owned Aviateca.Today TAG has around 70 employees...
(2) and UTair (2). Around 111 other airlines operate smaller numbers of the type.
Former civilian operators
- Slov-AirSlov-AirSlov-Air was an airline from Czechoslovakia , which provided services for agriculture, civil engineering and the industry.-History:...
- AviaexpressAviaexpress- Code data :*IATA Code: RX*ICAO Code: AEH *Callsign: Avex...
- Farnair HungaryFarnair HungaryFarnair Hungary is an airline based in Budapest, Hungary. It operates scheduled express cargo services, ad hoc charter services and relief missions. Its main base is Budapest Ferihegy International Airport.-History:...
- AeroflotAeroflotOJSC AeroflotRussian Airlines , commonly known as Aeroflot , is the flag carrier and largest airline of the Russian Federation, based on passengers carried per year...
- NHT Linhas AéreasNHTNHT is a three-letter acronym that may refer to:* The Natural Heritage Trust, an Australian government body* The National Heritage Trust, an Australian government body within the National Trust of Australia* NHT Loudspeakers, an American electronics company...
- Noar Linhas AéreasNoar Linhas AéreasNoar Linhas Aéreas a regional domestic airline with headquarters in Caruaru, Brazil. Regular scheduled services started on June 14, 2010....
- Sol Linhas AéreasSol Linhas AéreasSol Linhas Aéreas is a regional domestic airline based in Cascavel, Brazil. According to the National Civil Aviation Agency of Brazil in September 2011 Sol had 0.01% of the domestic market share in terms of passengers per kilometre flown.-History:...
. - TEAM Linhas Aéreas
- Sky Pasada Airlines.
Former military operators
- Bulgarian Air ForceBulgarian Air ForceThe Bulgarian Air Force is a branch of the Military of Bulgaria, the other two being the Bulgarian Navy and Bulgarian land forces. Its mission is to guard and protect the sovereignty of Bulgarian airspace, to provide aerial support and to assist the Land Forces in case of war. The Bulgarian Air...
Czech Republic
- Czech Air ForceCzech Air ForceThe Czech Air Force is the air force branch of the Armed Forces of the Czech Republic. The Air Force, with the Land Forces, comprises the Joint Forces, the main combat power of the Armed Forces of the Czech Republic...
- Czechoslovak Air ForceCzechoslovak Air ForceThe Czechoslovak Air Force was the air force branch of the military of Czechoslovakia. It was known as the Czechoslovak Army Air Force from 1918–1939...
Djibouti- Estonian Border Guard Aviation Corps
- East German Air Force
- LuftwaffeLuftwaffeLuftwaffe is a generic German term for an air force. It is also the official name for two of the four historic German air forces, the Wehrmacht air arm founded in 1935 and disbanded in 1946; and the current Bundeswehr air arm founded in 1956....
- Hungarian Air ForceHungarian Air ForceThe Hungarian Air Force is the air force branch of the Hungarian Army.- 1918 to Pre–World War II :Following the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy in 1918, a small air arm was established operating surviving aircraft from Hungarian factories and training schools...
- Latvian Air ForceLatvian Air ForceLatvian Air Force is the aviation branch of the National Armed Forces. The first Air Force units were established 1992. It has no air combat capability, thus the defense of Latvian air space is maintained by NATO, with rotating detachments of four aircraft to Lithuania at four-monthly intervals...
- Libyan Air ForceLibyan Air ForceThe Libyan Air Force is the branch of the Libyan Armed Forces responsible for aerial warfare. In 2010, before the 2011 Libyan civil war, the Libyan Air Force personnel strength was estimated at 18,000, with an inventory of 374 combat capable aircraft operating from 13 military airbases in...
- Russian Air ForceRussian Air ForceThe Russian Air Force is the air force of Russian Military. It is currently under the command of Colonel General Aleksandr Zelin. The Russian Navy has its own air arm, the Russian Naval Aviation, which is the former Soviet Aviatsiya Voyenno Morskogo Flota , or AV-MF).The Air Force was formed from...
Slovakia Slovenia
- Slovenian Air Force and Air DefenceSlovenian Air Force and Air DefenceSlovenian Air Force and Air Defence is a part of the Slovenian Armed Forces. It is an integral part of the command structure, not an independent branch.-Duties:...
- Soviet Air ForceSoviet Air ForceThe Soviet Air Force, officially known in Russian as Военно-воздушные силы or Voenno-Vozdushnye Sily and often abbreviated VVS was the official designation of one of the air forces of the Soviet Union. The other was the Soviet Air Defence Forces...
Notable accidents
On August 6, 1977, a L-410 crashed into the Lake BalatonLake Balaton
Lake Balaton is a freshwater lake in the Transdanubian region of Hungary. It is the largest lake in Central Europe, and one of its foremost tourist destinations. As Hungary is landlocked , Lake Balaton is often affectionately called the "Hungarian Sea"...
killing one man on board.
On June 7, 1995, a L-410 belonging to Latvian military participated in an airshow in Lielvarde military base in Latvia, during which the pilots tried to perform an (unsanctioned) barrel roll. The maneuver would likely be successful, but the initial altitude was too low (about 350 meters) and the aircraft crashed some 150 meters from spectators, killing both men on board.
On September 10, 2001, a L-410 carrying 19 people, including University of Washington
University of Washington
University of Washington is a public research university, founded in 1861 in Seattle, Washington, United States. The UW is the largest university in the Northwest and the oldest public university on the West Coast. The university has three campuses, with its largest campus in the University...
Husky football fans, alumni and alumni association members crashed into the jungle in the Mexican state of Yucatán, killing all on board.
On March 2, 2003, a L-410 carrying a load of sport skydivers crashed at the dropzone
Dropzone
Dropzone is a shoot 'em up video game developed by Arena Graphics in 1984. It is a bi-directional, horizontally scrolling shoot 'em up in the style of Defender. It was designed and written by Archer MacLean, his first commercial video game. In fact, "Arena Graphics" is just a shell name for MacLean...
Borki, Russia. This crash is notable as it happened at high altitude and many of the skydivers survived thanks to their parachutes and the Cypres
Cypres
CYPRES is an acronym for Cybernetic Parachute Release System. It refers to a specific make and model of an automatic activation device , a device that automatically opens a parachute under certain circumstances. A CYPRES will usually open at a preset altitude if the rate of descent is over a...
automatic reserve deployment system.
On May 23, 2004, two Blue Bird Aviation
Blue Bird Aviation (Kenya)
Bluebird Aviation is a regional airline based in Nairobi, Kenya. It was established in 1999 and operates regional charter services. Its main base is Wilson Airport, Nairobi.-Description:...
Let L-410 planes hit each other inflight near Mwingi
Mwingi
Mwingi District is one of the seventy-one districts of Kenya, located in that country's Eastern Province. The district has a population of 303.828 . Its capital is the Mwingi town.Local people are mostly of the Akamba tribe...
, Kenya
Kenya
Kenya , officially known as the Republic of Kenya, is a country in East Africa that lies on the equator, with the Indian Ocean to its south-east...
. One of the planes crashed into the ground, killing both crew members (all on board), while the other landed safely
On 27 January 2005, a Farnair Hungary
Farnair Hungary
Farnair Hungary is an airline based in Budapest, Hungary. It operates scheduled express cargo services, ad hoc charter services and relief missions. Its main base is Budapest Ferihegy International Airport.-History:...
Let L-410 aircraft was carrying out a non-directional beacon let-down with radar assistance at Iaşi Airport, Romania
Romania
Romania is a country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeastern Europe, on the Lower Danube, within and outside the Carpathian arch, bordering on the Black Sea...
, but when the crew notified air traffic control of their position over the airport beacon and their intention to turn right outbound, they were seen to turn left. Then the aircraft spiralled down to crash on the airfield. The two crew members on board were killed. There was light snow at the time.
On March 26, 2005, a West Caribbean Airways
West Caribbean Airways
West Caribbean Airways S.A. was an airline with its headquarters in Hangar 73 on the grounds of Olaya Herrera Airport in Medellín, Colombia. Because of financial problems following two crashes in 2005 it ceased operations that September....
Let L-410 Turbolet aircraft, registration HK-4146, on departure from El Embrujo Airport
El Embrujo Airport
El Embrujo Airport is an airport on Providencia Island, Colombia....
, Isla de Providencia in the Caribbean, failed to climb and hit hills close to runway 1, killing the 2 crew and 6 of the 12 passengers. Initial reports suggest a technical fault (ref: Flight International, July 2005).
On June 2, 2005, a L-410 of Transportes Aéreos Guatemaltecos
Transportes Aereos Guatemaltecos
Transportes Aéreos Guatemaltecos is a private passenger and cargo airline based at Guatemala La Aurora International Airport. It was founded in 1969 in Guatemala City. In 1972 the airline added a Douglas DC-3 to its fleet, competing with the state-owned Aviateca.Today TAG has around 70 employees...
, reg. TG-TAG, carrying 17 passengers on board crashes near Zacapa
Zacapa
Zacapa is a city in eastern Guatemala, along the Río Grande de Zacapa. It is renowned locally for its manual crafting of cigars, hard dry cheese and a flavored cake made with said cheese ....
shortly after take-off. The crew tried to return to the airfield after reporting technical problems. All crew and passengers survive the accident.
On March 31, 2006 a L-410UVP-E20, operated by TEAM Linhas Aéreas had a fatal accident. TEAM Flight 6865 departed Macaé
Macaé Airport
Macaé Airport is the airport serving Macaé, Brazil.It is operated by Infraero.-History:The airport was established in the 1960s as an airfield for general aviation and a Flying club. In the 1980s the runway was paved and an apron and a terminal with 941 m² were constructed, enabling Macaé Airport...
at 17:19 on a scheduled flight to Rio de Janeiro-Santos Dumont. The airplane PT-FSE was expected to arrive at 18:02. Contact was lost and the flight appeared to have crashed between the cities of Saquarema and Rio Bonito. All 19 people on board died.
On September 24, 2007, a L-410 operated by Free Airlines
Free Airlines
Free Airlines is an air operator out of N'Dolo Airport, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo.The airline is on the List of air carriers banned in the European Union.- Incidents:*June 21, 2007 Free Airlines Let-410 crash with one fatality...
and owned by Karibu Airways
Karibu Airways
Karibu Airways was an airline in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.It stood on the List of air carriers banned in the EU. Due to two plane crashes in 2007 the confidence in the airline was lost. subsequently, all operations came to a halt...
crashed on landing at Malemba Nkulu Airport killing one and injuring five. Loss of Hull: 9Q-CVL.
On October 8, 2007, a L-410UVP-E10A carrying 15 soldiers and 3 crew members crashed in Cerro Bravo, Colombia.
On January 4, 2008, a L-410UVP-E, (SN: 872015) registration number YV2081, operated by Transaven carrying 18 passengers crashed near Islas Los Roques (SVRS), Venezuela. See: Los Roques Airport
Los Roques Airport
- Incidents and accidents :*On 4 January 2008 at 14:08 UTC a Transaven airlines Let L-410UVP-E3 on a scheduled domestic flight from Simón Bolívar International Airport, serving Caracas, to Los Roques Airport, reported that it had lost power in both engines at and was descending...
On August 25, 2010, a L-410 crashed with 20 fatalities
2010 Bandundu Filair Let L-410 crash
The 2010 Bandundu Filair Let L-410 crash occurred on August 25, 2010, after a Filair aircraft crashed on approach to Bandundu Airport in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, killing 20 people.-Background:...
in Bandundu
Bandundu
Bandundu, formerly known as Banningville or Banningstad, is a city in Bandundu Province in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.Bandundu is the capital of Bandundu Province. It is located on the north bank of the Kwango River, just below the juncture of the Kwango and the Kwilu, 8 km upstream from...
, Democratic Republic of the Congo
Democratic Republic of the Congo
The Democratic Republic of the Congo is a state located in Central Africa. It is the second largest country in Africa by area and the eleventh largest in the world...
. According to the sole survivor, the crash was caused by a stampede of passengers after a crocodile escaped from a bag in the cabin. The crocodile itself survived the crash, but was killed by rescuers.
On February 14, 2011, a L-410 operated by Central American Airways carrying 12 passengers and 2 crew members, crashed before landing at Toncontín International Airport. All passengers and crew were killed.
On February 14, 2011, a L-410 operated by African Air Services Commuter, flying on behalf of the World Food Programme
World Food Programme
The World Food Programme is the food aid branch of the United Nations, and the world's largest humanitarian organization addressing hunger worldwide. WFP provides food, on average, to 90 million people per year, 58 million of whom are children...
on a cargo flight from Kavumu Airport
Kavumu Airport
Kavumu Airport is the domestic airport serving Bukavu, the capital city of the Sud-Kivu province in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The airport is located about north of Bukavu.- Facilities :...
, Democratic Republic of the Congo
Democratic Republic of the Congo
The Democratic Republic of the Congo is a state located in Central Africa. It is the second largest country in Africa by area and the eleventh largest in the world...
to Lusenge near Kava in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Democratic Republic of the Congo
The Democratic Republic of the Congo is a state located in Central Africa. It is the second largest country in Africa by area and the eleventh largest in the world...
, crashed into Mont Bienga shortly after departure. Both crew members were killed.
On July 13, 2011: a Noar Linhas Aéreas
Noar Linhas Aéreas
Noar Linhas Aéreas a regional domestic airline with headquarters in Caruaru, Brazil. Regular scheduled services started on June 14, 2010....
Let L-410 registration PR-NOB operating flight 4896
Noar Linhas Aéreas Flight 4896
Noar Linhas Aéreas Flight 4896 was a domestic scheduled passenger flight from Recife Airport, Brazil, to Mossoró Airport via Natal. On 13 July 2011, it was operated by Let L-410UVP-E20 PR-NOB. Shortly after take-off, a mayday was issued and the crew indicated their intention to land on the beach at...
from Recife to Natal
Augusto Severo International Airport
Augusto Severo International Airport , formerly called Parnamirim Airport, is the airport serving Natal, Brazil, located in the adjoining municipality of Parnamirim...
and Mossoró
Mossoró Airport
Gov. Dix-Sept Rosado Airport is the airport serving Mossoró, Brazil. Since May 27, 1953 the airport is named after Jerônimo Dix-Sept Rosado Maia , former Mayor of Mossoró and Governor of Rio Grande do Norte.-History:...
crashed shortly after take-off from Recife. All 16 occupants were killed.