Kuty
Encyclopedia
Kuty is an official designation for a type of locality used in some of the countries of the former Soviet Union...
in Ukraine
Ukraine
Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It has an area of 603,628 km², making it the second largest contiguous country on the European continent, after Russia...
, on the Cheremosh river, located in the Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast
Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast
Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast is an oblast in western Ukraine. Its administrative center is the city of Ivano-Frankivsk. As is the case with most other oblasts of Ukraine this region has the same name as its administrative center – which was renamed by the Soviets after the Ukrainian writer, nationalist...
. It is notable as one of the historical centres and the namesake of a historical region of Pokuttya
Pokuttya
Pokuttya or Pokuttia is a historical area of East-Central Europe, between upper Prut and Cheremosh rivers, in modern Ukraine. Historically it was a culturally distinct area inhabitated by Ukrainians and Romanians on the previously unpopulated borderlands between the lands of Lviv and Halych...
. Population is 4,272 (2001).
The town was first mentioned in 1469 as a village of Jan Odrowąż, the archbishop of Lviv
Lviv
Lviv is a city in western Ukraine. The city is regarded as one of the main cultural centres of today's Ukraine and historically has also been a major Polish and Jewish cultural center, as Poles and Jews were the two main ethnicities of the city until the outbreak of World War II and the following...
and a personal advisor to several Polish kings. With time the settlement grew and in 1715 Jan Potocki
Jan Potocki
Count Jan Nepomucen Potocki was a Polish nobleman, Polish Army Captain of Engineers, ethnologist, Egyptologist, linguist, traveler, adventurer and popular author of the Enlightenment period, whose life and exploits made him a legendary figure in his homeland...
, the voivod of Kiev granted it with a city charter. Two churches were also founded for the local Uniates and Armenia
Armenia
Armenia , officially the Republic of Armenia , is a landlocked mountainous country in the Caucasus region of Eurasia...
ns. Thanks to fast growth and the proximity to Bukovina
Bukovina
Bukovina is a historical region on the northern slopes of the northeastern Carpathian Mountains and the adjoining plains.-Name:The name Bukovina came into official use in 1775 with the region's annexation from the Principality of Moldavia to the possessions of the Habsburg Monarchy, which became...
, the town soon became a seat of starost of the land of Halych
Halych
Halych is a historic city on the Dniester River in western Ukraine. The town gave its name to the historic province and kingdom of Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia, of which it was the capital until the early 14th century, when the seat of the local princes was moved to Lviv...
and one of the administrative centres of the Ruthenian Voivodship of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth was a dualistic state of Poland and Lithuania ruled by a common monarch. It was the largest and one of the most populous countries of 16th- and 17th‑century Europe with some and a multi-ethnic population of 11 million at its peak in the early 17th century...
.
The town remained a personal property of the family of Potoccy until the partitions of Poland
Partitions of Poland
The Partitions of Poland or Partitions of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth took place in the second half of the 18th century and ended the existence of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, resulting in the elimination of sovereign Poland for 123 years...
. In 1772, however, it fell under Austrian administration and on May 1, 1782 Kuty lost its town privileges. As a result growth was halted and Kuty remained a provincial town inhabited mostly by Jewish and Armenian merchants, without much significance. In 1849 the town had roughly 3700 inhabitants, in 1880, 6300 and in late 1920s - 8000. Out of them roughly 3300 Jews, 1900 Hutsuls, 1300 Poles and over 500 Armenians
Armenians
Armenian people or Armenians are a nation and ethnic group native to the Armenian Highland.The largest concentration is in Armenia having a nearly-homogeneous population with 97.9% or 3,145,354 being ethnic Armenian....
. Around that time the town was linked with the rest of Galicia by the Kołomyja-Czerniowce railroad. However, as both Galicia and Bukovyna were under Austrian rule, the town could not capitalize on its proximity to the border.
After the collapse of the Central Powers in 1918 the town was briefly under control of the West Ukrainian People's Republic. However, soon it was seized by Romania
Romania
Romania is a country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeastern Europe, on the Lower Danube, within and outside the Carpathian arch, bordering on the Black Sea...
and then passed to Poland
Poland
Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north...
. The town became the most important center of Armenia
Armenia
Armenia , officially the Republic of Armenia , is a landlocked mountainous country in the Caucasus region of Eurasia...
n minority in Poland as well as one of the main border crossings between Poland and Romania. In 1930 Polish Army built a new wooden bridge across the river. http://www.dobroni.pl/rekonstrukcje,budowa-polskiego-mostu-i-jego-obrona-w-kutach-na-rz-czeremosz,1829
It was there that the Polish president Ignacy Mościcki
Ignacy Moscicki
Ignacy Mościcki was a Polish chemist, politician, and President of Poland . He was the longest-serving President of Poland .-Life:...
spent his last days in Poland before he crossed the border into exile
Polish government in Exile
The Polish government-in-exile, formally known as the Government of the Republic of Poland in Exile , was the government in exile of Poland formed in the aftermath of the Invasion of Poland of September 1939, and the subsequent occupation of Poland by Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union, which...
during the Polish Defensive War
Invasion of Poland (1939)
The Invasion of Poland, also known as the September Campaign or 1939 Defensive War in Poland and the Poland Campaign in Germany, was an invasion of Poland by Germany, the Soviet Union, and a small Slovak contingent that marked the start of World War II in Europe...
of 1939. Until September 20, 1939 the town was defended by the Polish Army. Among the last soldiers to be killed by the Red Army
Red Army
The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army started out as the Soviet Union's revolutionary communist combat groups during the Russian Civil War of 1918-1922. It grew into the national army of the Soviet Union. By the 1930s the Red Army was among the largest armies in history.The "Red Army" name refers to...
in heavy fights for the bridge across the Cheremosh river was a notable Polish writer, Tadeusz Dołęga-Mostowicz. After Kuty was annexed by the USSR, the area was administered by Soviet Ukraine except German occupiation between 1941-1944. Since 1991 it is a part of independent Ukraine
Ukraine
Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It has an area of 603,628 km², making it the second largest contiguous country on the European continent, after Russia...
.
Notable people
- Edmund CharaszkiewiczEdmund CharaszkiewiczEdmund Kalikst Eugeniusz Charaszkiewicz was a Polish military intelligence officer who specialized in clandestine warfare. Between the World Wars, he helped establish Poland's interbellum borders in conflicts over territory with Poland's neighbors....
- Eliasz Kuziemski (1922–2000), Polish actor
- Grzegorz Józef Romaszkan, Polish clergyman and Catholic bishop
- Vira VovkVira VovkVira Ostapivna Selianska , pen name Vira Vovk , — Ukrainian writer, critic and translator living in Brazil. She writes in Ukrainian, German and Portuguese.-Biography:...
Ukrainian writer - Jaffa Zins (*1928), Israeli writer
kuty o kuty tem 10 partes umas delas sao iferiores