Katagalugan
Encyclopedia
Tagalog Republic is a term used to refer to two revolution
ary bodies involved in the Philippine Revolution
against Spain and the Philippine-American War
. Both were connected to the Katipunan
revolutionary movement.
in the Philippines
and their language
. Katagalugan may refer to the historical Tagalog regions in the island of Luzon
, part of the Philippine islands.
However, the Katipunan secret society extended the meaning of these terms to all natives in the Philippine islands. The society's primer explains its use of Tagalog in a footnote:
The revolutionary Carlos Ronquillo wrote in his memoirs:
In this respect, Katagalugan may be translated as the "Tagalog nation."
Andrés Bonifacio
, a founding member of the Katipunan and later its supreme head (Supremo), promoted the use of Katagalugan for the Philippine nation. The term "Filipino" was then reserved for Spaniards born in the islands. By eschewing "Filipino
" and "Filipinas" which had colonial roots, Bonifacio and his cohorts "sought to form a national identity."
with Francisco Carreón
as vice president
. In April 1904, Sakay issued a manifesto declaring Filipino right to self-determination
at a time when support for independence
was considered a crime by the American occupation forces in the Philippines
.
The republic ended in 1906 when Sakay and his leading followers were arrested and the following year executed by the American authorities as bandits. Some of its survivors escaped to Japan
to be joined with Artemio Ricarte
, an exiled Katipunan veteran, and later returned to support the Japanese-sponsored Second Philippine Republic
during World War II
.
Revolution
A revolution is a fundamental change in power or organizational structures that takes place in a relatively short period of time.Aristotle described two types of political revolution:...
ary bodies involved in the Philippine Revolution
Philippine Revolution
The Philippine Revolution , called the "Tagalog War" by the Spanish, was an armed military conflict between the people of the Philippines and the Spanish colonial authorities which resulted in the secession of the Philippine Islands from the Spanish Empire.The Philippine Revolution began in August...
against Spain and the Philippine-American War
Philippine-American War
The Philippine–American War, also known as the Philippine War of Independence or the Philippine Insurrection , was an armed conflict between a group of Filipino revolutionaries and the United States which arose from the struggle of the First Philippine Republic to gain independence following...
. Both were connected to the Katipunan
Katipunan
The Katipunan was a Philippine revolutionary society founded by anti-Spanish Filipinos in Manila in 1892, whose primary aim was to gain independence from Spain through revolution. The society was initiated by Filipino patriots Andrés Bonifacio, Teodoro Plata, Ladislao Diwa, and others on the night...
revolutionary movement.
Etymology
The term Tagalog refers to both an ethno-linguistic groupTagalog people
The Tagalog people are an ethnic group in the Philippines. The name Tagalog comes from either the native term tagá-ilog, meaning 'people living along the river', or another native term, tagá-alog, meaning 'people living along the ford', a ford being a shallow part of a river or stream where people,...
in the Philippines
Philippines
The Philippines , officially known as the Republic of the Philippines , is a country in Southeast Asia in the western Pacific Ocean. To its north across the Luzon Strait lies Taiwan. West across the South China Sea sits Vietnam...
and their language
Tagalog language
Tagalog is an Austronesian language spoken as a first language by a third of the population of the Philippines and as a second language by most of the rest. It is the first language of the Philippine region IV and of Metro Manila...
. Katagalugan may refer to the historical Tagalog regions in the island of Luzon
Luzon
Luzon is the largest island in the Philippines. It is located in the northernmost region of the archipelago, and is also the name for one of the three primary island groups in the country centered on the Island of Luzon...
, part of the Philippine islands.
However, the Katipunan secret society extended the meaning of these terms to all natives in the Philippine islands. The society's primer explains its use of Tagalog in a footnote:
The revolutionary Carlos Ronquillo wrote in his memoirs:
In this respect, Katagalugan may be translated as the "Tagalog nation."
Andrés Bonifacio
Andres Bonifacio
Andrés Bonifacio y de Castro was a Filipino nationalist and revolutionary. He was a founder and later Supremo of the Katipunan movement which sought the independence of the Philippines from Spanish colonial rule and started the Philippine Revolution...
, a founding member of the Katipunan and later its supreme head (Supremo), promoted the use of Katagalugan for the Philippine nation. The term "Filipino" was then reserved for Spaniards born in the islands. By eschewing "Filipino
Filipinos
Filipinos is the brand name for a series of biscuit snacks made by Kraft Foods. In Spain and Portugal they are produced and sold under the Artiach brand name. Under license to United Biscuits, in the Netherlands they are sold and produced locally under the Verkade brand...
" and "Filipinas" which had colonial roots, Bonifacio and his cohorts "sought to form a national identity."
Bonifacio
In 1902, General Macario Sakay, a veteran Katipunan member, established his own Tagalog Republic , and held the presidencyPresident
A president is a leader of an organization, company, trade union, university, or country.Etymologically, a president is one who presides, who sits in leadership...
with Francisco Carreón
Francisco Carreón
Francisco Carreón y Marcos was a Filipino general in the Philippine Revolution against Spain and in the Philippine-American War. As the vice president of Macario Sakay's Tagalog Republic , he continued resistance against the United States up until the dissolution of the republic in 1906...
as vice president
Vice president
A vice president is an officer in government or business who is below a president in rank. The name comes from the Latin vice meaning 'in place of'. In some countries, the vice president is called the deputy president...
. In April 1904, Sakay issued a manifesto declaring Filipino right to self-determination
Self-determination
Self-determination is the principle in international law that nations have the right to freely choose their sovereignty and international political status with no external compulsion or external interference...
at a time when support for independence
Independence
Independence is a condition of a nation, country, or state in which its residents and population, or some portion thereof, exercise self-government, and usually sovereignty, over its territory....
was considered a crime by the American occupation forces in the Philippines
Philippines
The Philippines , officially known as the Republic of the Philippines , is a country in Southeast Asia in the western Pacific Ocean. To its north across the Luzon Strait lies Taiwan. West across the South China Sea sits Vietnam...
.
| Position | Name |
|---|---|
| President | Macario Sakay |
| Vice President | Francisco Carreon Francisco Carreón Francisco Carreón y Marcos was a Filipino general in the Philippine Revolution against Spain and in the Philippine-American War. As the vice president of Macario Sakay's Tagalog Republic , he continued resistance against the United States up until the dissolution of the republic in 1906... |
| Minister of War | Domingo Moriones |
| Minister of the Government | Alejandro Santiago |
| Minister of State | Nicolas Rivera |
The republic ended in 1906 when Sakay and his leading followers were arrested and the following year executed by the American authorities as bandits. Some of its survivors escaped to Japan
Japan
Japan is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south...
to be joined with Artemio Ricarte
Artemio Ricarte
Artemio Ricarte y Garcia was a Filipino general during the Philippine Revolution and the Philippine-American War. He is considered by the Armed Forces of the Philippines as the "Father of the Philippine Army"...
, an exiled Katipunan veteran, and later returned to support the Japanese-sponsored Second Philippine Republic
Second Philippine Republic
The Second Philippine Republic, officially known as the Republic of the Philippines , was a state in the Philippines established on October 14, 1943 under Japanese occupation....
during World War II
World War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
.