Karapinar (Malatya)
Encyclopedia
Karapınar is a village of Hekimhan
district in Malatya Province
, Turkey
.
era.
It is located at the south slopes of Yama mount. At the border of Malatya
and Sivas
provinces. Karapınar was located on the historical Silk Road
.
Almost all the area of the village is rough, stony and mountainous. There is no any river/creek in the area. Due to these geographic conditions, agricultural production of village is low.
At 1995, Karapınar was relocated to the 10 km south of old village due to a landslip. Old Karapinar were located up in the mountains. On the score of this fact, it was very hard and grueling for villagers to travel to towns and back. There were none or very limited means of transportation other than mules and horses. The houses in the old village were just clusters of dirt and stone with dirt-covered flat roofs. In winter times when it would snow you had to scrape it off or when it would rain you had to roll cylinder-shape cut stone all over the roof to stiffen the dirt in order to stop rainwater going through the roof and dribble down in house. It was so arduous life when you compare it with the life in the new village. The new village is closer to intercity highways. The new houses of the new village are made of reinforced concrete with tile roof on top. The construction of the new village started in 1993 and completed in 1995 and funded solely by the government. The new Karapınar consists of around 50 houses with a single mosque. There is no school since there are no school-age kids in the village. Karapınar has sewer system, telephone connection and drinking water network and had a stabilized road to Hekimhan
, Malatya
and Sivas.
and especially in eastern Anatolia of Turkey
, household is highly important, everything mostly revolves around it. Within it, the main human physiological needs are met - shelter, rest, food legitimate intercourse - and the most intimate and emotionally important social relations played out. One reason for this is the very economic unity, which until recently united the main occupation of men as well as women closely to the household group. A second reason is the strict segregation of the sexes and the fierce attitudes to feminine honour, in Turkey, especially in the eastern part of Turkey a man's first and foremost duty they believe is to protect his family honour and to provide his family needs.
Men form the permanent core of any normal household. Men are the head of the family and they lead household. The senior man, father or father's father of the other male members, owns the fabric of the house, and usually owns most or all of the land. His sons and grandsons are born into and remain in the household until his death, when one of his sons, usually the eldest, remains in this house as head, and the younger sons, sooner or later, build up their own independent households.
In Turkey's village culture, the father's authority is strongly emphasised. Sons are expected to obey their fathers, and on the whole they do. Respect is based on a series of formal rules. One does not answer back, one does not speak in public in one's fathers presence without specific invitation. Sons do not smoke in their father's presence. Schooling apart, fathers are almost entirely responsible for educating and training their sons in socially acceptable behaviour, and in the essential farming skills. Sons are expected from about the age of eight to watch, water and feed the household animals, and at about twelve they learn to handle a plough.
In village culture, brotherhood is very strong. More than any other kin, brothers are tossed together by the social system. If they are fairly close in age, they are likely to be lifelong neighbours, and the intimacy of a childhood under a common roof is likely to continue throughout life as neighbourly co-operation and mutual dependence. Bound by common interests in inheritance and common duties to their parents and to their close agnates, they very often maintain a flow of daily contact and mutual services throughout life.
The women are the owners and the core of the household, yet they work and talk and amuse themselves as far as possible outside it. The grown women of a household are strangers brought in as wives from some other household, except, rarely, for daughters or sisters due to marry out, or to return to their husbands. They are all, in one way or another, appendages of the core of male agnates. Adult women have rights and interests in more than one household, yet they belong unequivocally to none. In spite of this marginal position, they work and talk and amuse themselves largely within the household in which they reside, and their presence is indispensable to its daily routine.
Mothers and daughters. Women want sons, but this does not mean that they do not love daughters. Girls grow up with the women of the household, and learn their most important lessons from their mother, helping her in all the household tasks. This intimacy, greater than that between any other pair of different generations, is violently interrupted by the girl's marriage, which normally takes place about puberty or soon after. Marriage is a time of acute grief to the bride's mother. After marriage, a girl still looks to her own mother for help, advice and comfort. She visits regularly; if the distance is great, then for a month or so once a year; if her mother is in the same village, then frequently and casually. If she is ill, everyone expects her to be sent home to be nursed by her own mother.
Sisters. Before marriage, sisters are as close to each other as brothers; how this initial intimacy develops in later life depends on the physical distance and social relations between the households into which they marry. If they marry into the same household, or two very closely related households, or even if they are in the same village, they will normally maintain close co-operation throughout life.
Co- Wives; Co-wives live under one roof. The villagers did not have a common term for co-wives, but they had, and used frequently, a term for a second wife, a word which carried decidedly derogatory overtones,kuma. Only one or two men in Karapinar actually had two wives. It happens mostly due to infertility of previous wife. They just marry another woman in the sake of having kids in order to continue their family generation.
Nowadays, since young population of village people dwell in cities above - stated form of life no longer could be observed in Karapinar village. The new generation mostly adapt themselves and their life style to the standards of city life.
, İstanbul
and some other cities around Turkey
. There is also a small number of families in some European countries.In summer time, the population of Karapınar doubles up as people of Karapınar come over for family reunion and visits.
At present, main economical activities in village are; agriculture, stockbreeding and wool rope production.
Hekimhan
Hekimhan is a district of Malatya Province of Turkey. The mayor is Mehmet Sait Özoğlu . The district is located in Upper part of Euphrates in Eastern Anatolia. It is also located in the ancient silk road. The population of Hekimhan town and its villages has been going down since 1980s because of...
district in Malatya Province
Malatya Province
Malatya Province is a province of Turkey. It is part of a larger mountainous area. The capital of the province is Malatya , which has many residents. Malatya is famous for its apricots. The area of Malatya province is 12,313 km². Malatya Province has 740,643 inhabitants. The population was...
, Turkey
Turkey
Turkey , known officially as the Republic of Turkey , is a Eurasian country located in Western Asia and in East Thrace in Southeastern Europe...
.
History
The word of "Karapınar" translates as "Black Fountain" from which village's name stems. Although this village was established more than 400 years ago there is still evidence of old settlement believed to date back to Romans time. The villagers of Karapinar came here from different places during Ottoman EmpireOttoman Empire
The Ottoman EmpireIt was usually referred to as the "Ottoman Empire", the "Turkish Empire", the "Ottoman Caliphate" or more commonly "Turkey" by its contemporaries...
era.
It is located at the south slopes of Yama mount. At the border of Malatya
Malatya Province
Malatya Province is a province of Turkey. It is part of a larger mountainous area. The capital of the province is Malatya , which has many residents. Malatya is famous for its apricots. The area of Malatya province is 12,313 km². Malatya Province has 740,643 inhabitants. The population was...
and Sivas
Sivas Province
The Sivas Province is a province of Turkey. It located at the eastern part of the Central Anatolian region of Turkey; it is the second largest province in Turkey. Its adjacent provinces are Yozgat to the west, Kayseri to the southwest, Kahramanmaraş to the south, Malatya to the southeast, Erzincan...
provinces. Karapınar was located on the historical Silk Road
Silk Road
The Silk Road or Silk Route refers to a historical network of interlinking trade routes across the Afro-Eurasian landmass that connected East, South, and Western Asia with the Mediterranean and European world, as well as parts of North and East Africa...
.
Almost all the area of the village is rough, stony and mountainous. There is no any river/creek in the area. Due to these geographic conditions, agricultural production of village is low.
At 1995, Karapınar was relocated to the 10 km south of old village due to a landslip. Old Karapinar were located up in the mountains. On the score of this fact, it was very hard and grueling for villagers to travel to towns and back. There were none or very limited means of transportation other than mules and horses. The houses in the old village were just clusters of dirt and stone with dirt-covered flat roofs. In winter times when it would snow you had to scrape it off or when it would rain you had to roll cylinder-shape cut stone all over the roof to stiffen the dirt in order to stop rainwater going through the roof and dribble down in house. It was so arduous life when you compare it with the life in the new village. The new village is closer to intercity highways. The new houses of the new village are made of reinforced concrete with tile roof on top. The construction of the new village started in 1993 and completed in 1995 and funded solely by the government. The new Karapınar consists of around 50 houses with a single mosque. There is no school since there are no school-age kids in the village. Karapınar has sewer system, telephone connection and drinking water network and had a stabilized road to Hekimhan
Hekimhan
Hekimhan is a district of Malatya Province of Turkey. The mayor is Mehmet Sait Özoğlu . The district is located in Upper part of Euphrates in Eastern Anatolia. It is also located in the ancient silk road. The population of Hekimhan town and its villages has been going down since 1980s because of...
, Malatya
Malatya
Malatya ) is a city in southeastern Turkey and the capital of its eponymous province.-Overview:The city site has been occupied for thousands of years. The Assyrians called the city Meliddu. Following Roman expansion into the east, the city was renamed in Latin as Melitene...
and Sivas.
Culture
Generally in Turkish cultureCulture of Turkey
The culture of Turkey combines a largely diverse and heterogeneous set of elements that are derived from the Ottoman, European, Middle Eastern and Central Asian traditions...
and especially in eastern Anatolia of Turkey
Turkey
Turkey , known officially as the Republic of Turkey , is a Eurasian country located in Western Asia and in East Thrace in Southeastern Europe...
, household is highly important, everything mostly revolves around it. Within it, the main human physiological needs are met - shelter, rest, food legitimate intercourse - and the most intimate and emotionally important social relations played out. One reason for this is the very economic unity, which until recently united the main occupation of men as well as women closely to the household group. A second reason is the strict segregation of the sexes and the fierce attitudes to feminine honour, in Turkey, especially in the eastern part of Turkey a man's first and foremost duty they believe is to protect his family honour and to provide his family needs.
Men form the permanent core of any normal household. Men are the head of the family and they lead household. The senior man, father or father's father of the other male members, owns the fabric of the house, and usually owns most or all of the land. His sons and grandsons are born into and remain in the household until his death, when one of his sons, usually the eldest, remains in this house as head, and the younger sons, sooner or later, build up their own independent households.
In Turkey's village culture, the father's authority is strongly emphasised. Sons are expected to obey their fathers, and on the whole they do. Respect is based on a series of formal rules. One does not answer back, one does not speak in public in one's fathers presence without specific invitation. Sons do not smoke in their father's presence. Schooling apart, fathers are almost entirely responsible for educating and training their sons in socially acceptable behaviour, and in the essential farming skills. Sons are expected from about the age of eight to watch, water and feed the household animals, and at about twelve they learn to handle a plough.
In village culture, brotherhood is very strong. More than any other kin, brothers are tossed together by the social system. If they are fairly close in age, they are likely to be lifelong neighbours, and the intimacy of a childhood under a common roof is likely to continue throughout life as neighbourly co-operation and mutual dependence. Bound by common interests in inheritance and common duties to their parents and to their close agnates, they very often maintain a flow of daily contact and mutual services throughout life.
The women are the owners and the core of the household, yet they work and talk and amuse themselves as far as possible outside it. The grown women of a household are strangers brought in as wives from some other household, except, rarely, for daughters or sisters due to marry out, or to return to their husbands. They are all, in one way or another, appendages of the core of male agnates. Adult women have rights and interests in more than one household, yet they belong unequivocally to none. In spite of this marginal position, they work and talk and amuse themselves largely within the household in which they reside, and their presence is indispensable to its daily routine.
Mothers and daughters. Women want sons, but this does not mean that they do not love daughters. Girls grow up with the women of the household, and learn their most important lessons from their mother, helping her in all the household tasks. This intimacy, greater than that between any other pair of different generations, is violently interrupted by the girl's marriage, which normally takes place about puberty or soon after. Marriage is a time of acute grief to the bride's mother. After marriage, a girl still looks to her own mother for help, advice and comfort. She visits regularly; if the distance is great, then for a month or so once a year; if her mother is in the same village, then frequently and casually. If she is ill, everyone expects her to be sent home to be nursed by her own mother.
Sisters. Before marriage, sisters are as close to each other as brothers; how this initial intimacy develops in later life depends on the physical distance and social relations between the households into which they marry. If they marry into the same household, or two very closely related households, or even if they are in the same village, they will normally maintain close co-operation throughout life.
Co- Wives; Co-wives live under one roof. The villagers did not have a common term for co-wives, but they had, and used frequently, a term for a second wife, a word which carried decidedly derogatory overtones,kuma. Only one or two men in Karapinar actually had two wives. It happens mostly due to infertility of previous wife. They just marry another woman in the sake of having kids in order to continue their family generation.
Nowadays, since young population of village people dwell in cities above - stated form of life no longer could be observed in Karapinar village. The new generation mostly adapt themselves and their life style to the standards of city life.
Neighbour villages
Akmara and Kaymak village at east, Kavacık and Akçamara villages at west, Yeşilkale village at south, Karacaören at southwest, Kutan village at north and Dereyurt at northeast.Climate
Terrestrial climate is dominant in the area with hot and dry summers and cold, long and snowy winters.Population
Starting from 1960s, Karapınar have gone through mass emigration due to economical circumstances. Most preferred cities were MalatyaMalatya
Malatya ) is a city in southeastern Turkey and the capital of its eponymous province.-Overview:The city site has been occupied for thousands of years. The Assyrians called the city Meliddu. Following Roman expansion into the east, the city was renamed in Latin as Melitene...
, İstanbul
Istanbul
Istanbul , historically known as Byzantium and Constantinople , is the largest city of Turkey. Istanbul metropolitan province had 13.26 million people living in it as of December, 2010, which is 18% of Turkey's population and the 3rd largest metropolitan area in Europe after London and...
and some other cities around Turkey
Turkey
Turkey , known officially as the Republic of Turkey , is a Eurasian country located in Western Asia and in East Thrace in Southeastern Europe...
. There is also a small number of families in some European countries.In summer time, the population of Karapınar doubles up as people of Karapınar come over for family reunion and visits.
Economy
After 1960s generally in Turkey and particularly in Karapınar, more mechanization of agriculture and infrastructure was implemented in order to increase productivity and to grow the agricultural economy. At the same time, migration in Turkey and in Karapınar as well, began as people sought to find temporary or longer term work while the economy was weak at home. When rural investment for farming were expanded with the introduction of tractors and technical assistance of rural road system the economy and activities began to grow in Karapinar. However, despite this technical improvement, oxen-drawn plough plow remained in use for some time for the hard-to-reach places with tractors since most of the area of the village was rough, stony and mountainous.At present, main economical activities in village are; agriculture, stockbreeding and wool rope production.