Jim Hawkes
Encyclopedia
Frederick James "Jim" Hawkes, (born June 21, 1934), is a former Canadian
politician
.
, Alberta
. He studied at Sir George Williams College (now Concordia University
), earning a B.A.
in 1957.
Also in 1957, Hawkes married Joanne Christine Herriot (born 1937 in Calgary). The Hawkes have two living children: Teresa Anne "Terri"
(born 1958) and Robert James (born 1961). Robert Hawkes reached Master
level in chess
by his late teens. They had another daughter Colleen Rose, who died four days after birth.
Hawkes returned to academia after several years to study psychology
, earning an M.Sc in this field from the University of Calgary
in 1968, and a Ph.D in experimental psychology from Colorado State University
in 1970.
In 1971, Hawkes became an associate professor in the Faculty of Social Welfare at the University of Calgary
, then in 1975 he received tenure
.
, then leader of the Progressive Conservative Party
and Leader of the Opposition
.
In 1979, he ran as the Progressive Conservative candidate for the riding of Calgary West
, and was elected to the House of Commons
. He was re-elected in 1980, 1984, and 1988.
From 1985 to 1986, Hawkes' chief aide was future prime minister
Stephen Harper
. Harper's term as aide was short, and he later described this time in Ottawa as deeply disillusioning.
Hawkes was re-elected in the 1988 election
in which his chief opponent was his former protégé Harper, now running for the newly-founded Reform Party of Canada
.
From 1988 to 1993, Hawkes also served as the Chief Government
Whip
inside the House of Commons
.
In the 1993 federal election
, Hawkes lost to Harper, becoming one of many PC
MP
s who were defeated at the polls.
Canada
Canada is a North American country consisting of ten provinces and three territories. Located in the northern part of the continent, it extends from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west, and northward into the Arctic Ocean...
politician
Politician
A politician, political leader, or political figure is an individual who is involved in influencing public policy and decision making...
.
Early life and education
Hawkes was born in CalgaryCalgary
Calgary is a city in the Province of Alberta, Canada. It is located in the south of the province, in an area of foothills and prairie, approximately east of the front ranges of the Canadian Rockies...
, Alberta
Alberta
Alberta is a province of Canada. It had an estimated population of 3.7 million in 2010 making it the most populous of Canada's three prairie provinces...
. He studied at Sir George Williams College (now Concordia University
Concordia University
Concordia University is a comprehensive Canadian public university located in Montreal, Quebec, one of the two universities in the city where English is the primary language of instruction...
), earning a B.A.
Bachelor of Arts
A Bachelor of Arts , from the Latin artium baccalaureus, is a bachelor's degree awarded for an undergraduate course or program in either the liberal arts, the sciences, or both...
in 1957.
Also in 1957, Hawkes married Joanne Christine Herriot (born 1937 in Calgary). The Hawkes have two living children: Teresa Anne "Terri"
Terri Hawkes
Terri Hawkes is a Canadian actress. She first gained fame as a voice actress, her most definitive role being that of Sailor Moon for most of the first season, all of the second season, and all three movies...
(born 1958) and Robert James (born 1961). Robert Hawkes reached Master
Chess master
A chess master is a chess player of such skill that he/she can usually beat chess experts, who themselves typically prevail against most amateurs. Among chess players, the term is often abbreviated to master, the meaning being clear from context....
level in chess
Chess
Chess is a two-player board game played on a chessboard, a square-checkered board with 64 squares arranged in an eight-by-eight grid. It is one of the world's most popular games, played by millions of people worldwide at home, in clubs, online, by correspondence, and in tournaments.Each player...
by his late teens. They had another daughter Colleen Rose, who died four days after birth.
Hawkes returned to academia after several years to study psychology
Psychology
Psychology is the study of the mind and behavior. Its immediate goal is to understand individuals and groups by both establishing general principles and researching specific cases. For many, the ultimate goal of psychology is to benefit society...
, earning an M.Sc in this field from the University of Calgary
University of Calgary
The University of Calgary is a public research university located in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Founded in 1966 the U of C is composed of 14 faculties and more than 85 research institutes and centres.More than 25,000 undergraduate and 5,500 graduate students are currently...
in 1968, and a Ph.D in experimental psychology from Colorado State University
Colorado State University
Colorado State University is a public research university located in Fort Collins, Colorado. The university is the state's land grant university, and the flagship university of the Colorado State University System.The enrollment is approximately 29,932 students, including resident and...
in 1970.
In 1971, Hawkes became an associate professor in the Faculty of Social Welfare at the University of Calgary
University of Calgary
The University of Calgary is a public research university located in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Founded in 1966 the U of C is composed of 14 faculties and more than 85 research institutes and centres.More than 25,000 undergraduate and 5,500 graduate students are currently...
, then in 1975 he received tenure
Tenure
Tenure commonly refers to life tenure in a job and specifically to a senior academic's contractual right not to have his or her position terminated without just cause.-19th century:...
.
Political career
In 1976-1977, Hawkes served as a program director for Joe ClarkJoe Clark
Charles Joseph "Joe" Clark, is a Canadian statesman, businessman, and university professor, and former journalist and politician...
, then leader of the Progressive Conservative Party
Progressive Conservative Party of Canada
The Progressive Conservative Party of Canada was a Canadian political party with a centre-right stance on economic issues and, after the 1970s, a centrist stance on social issues....
and Leader of the Opposition
Leader of the Opposition (Canada)
The Leader of Her Majesty's Loyal Opposition , or simply the Leader of the Opposition is the leader of Canada's Official Opposition, the party with the most seats in the House of Commons that is not a member of the government...
.
In 1979, he ran as the Progressive Conservative candidate for the riding of Calgary West
Calgary West
Calgary West is a federal electoral district in Alberta, Canada, that has been represented in the Canadian House of Commons from 1917 to 1953, and since 1979. It is located in the western part of the City of Calgary....
, and was elected to the House of Commons
Canadian House of Commons
The House of Commons of Canada is a component of the Parliament of Canada, along with the Sovereign and the Senate. The House of Commons is a democratically elected body, consisting of 308 members known as Members of Parliament...
. He was re-elected in 1980, 1984, and 1988.
From 1985 to 1986, Hawkes' chief aide was future prime minister
Prime Minister of Canada
The Prime Minister of Canada is the primary minister of the Crown, chairman of the Cabinet, and thus head of government for Canada, charged with advising the Canadian monarch or viceroy on the exercise of the executive powers vested in them by the constitution...
Stephen Harper
Stephen Harper
Stephen Joseph Harper is the 22nd and current Prime Minister of Canada and leader of the Conservative Party. Harper became prime minister when his party formed a minority government after the 2006 federal election...
. Harper's term as aide was short, and he later described this time in Ottawa as deeply disillusioning.
Hawkes was re-elected in the 1988 election
Canadian federal election, 1988
The Canadian federal election of 1988 was held November 21, 1988, to elect members of the Canadian House of Commons of the 34th Parliament of Canada. It was an election largely fought on a single issue: the Canada-U.S. Free Trade Agreement ....
in which his chief opponent was his former protégé Harper, now running for the newly-founded Reform Party of Canada
Reform Party of Canada
The Reform Party of Canada was a Canadian federal political party that existed from 1987 to 2000. It was originally founded as a Western Canada-based protest party, but attempted to expand eastward in the 1990s. It viewed itself as a populist party....
.
From 1988 to 1993, Hawkes also served as the Chief Government
Government
Government refers to the legislators, administrators, and arbitrators in the administrative bureaucracy who control a state at a given time, and to the system of government by which they are organized...
Whip
Whip (politics)
A whip is an official in a political party whose primary purpose is to ensure party discipline in a legislature. Whips are a party's "enforcers", who typically offer inducements and threaten punishments for party members to ensure that they vote according to the official party policy...
inside the House of Commons
Canadian House of Commons
The House of Commons of Canada is a component of the Parliament of Canada, along with the Sovereign and the Senate. The House of Commons is a democratically elected body, consisting of 308 members known as Members of Parliament...
.
In the 1993 federal election
Canadian federal election, 1993
The Canadian federal election of 1993 was held on October 25 of that year to elect members to the Canadian House of Commons of the 35th Parliament of Canada. Fourteen parties competed for the 295 seats in the House at that time...
, Hawkes lost to Harper, becoming one of many PC
Progressive Conservative Party of Canada
The Progressive Conservative Party of Canada was a Canadian political party with a centre-right stance on economic issues and, after the 1970s, a centrist stance on social issues....
MP
Canadian House of Commons
The House of Commons of Canada is a component of the Parliament of Canada, along with the Sovereign and the Senate. The House of Commons is a democratically elected body, consisting of 308 members known as Members of Parliament...
s who were defeated at the polls.