James IV of Majorca
Encyclopedia
James IV of Majorca was King of Majorca from 1349 until his death.
James was the son of James III of Majorca
and Constance of Aragon
. His maternal grandparents were Alfonso IV of Aragon
and his first wife Teresa of Entença and Antillon.
His father was killed at the Battle of Llucmajor
in 1349 while attempting to recapture his kingdom, and James IV was taken prisoner by Peter IV of Aragon
. Now pretender to the Kingdom of Majorca
and the Principality of Achaea
, James was kept in close confinement in Barcelona
until 1362. He then contrived to escape and take refuge with Joan I of Naples
, who had aided his father's last attempt on Majorca.
Joan was then childless, and in need of an heir: she married James on September 26, 1363, at Castelnuovo
. Perhaps to avoid the civil strife of Joan's first marriage, he was given the style of Duke of Calabria
, not of King. However, the marriage proved unsuccessful. The couple had no children. James was determined to recapture his kingdom, and soon departed to make war on the Kingdom of Aragon
. He was defeated and forced to flee to Bordeaux
.
There he gained the support of Edward the Black Prince, who he hoped would restore him to Majorca after restoring Peter the Cruel in Castile
. He joined the invasion of Castile, taking part in the battle of Nájera. He was stricken with a long and severe illness in Valladolid
. Unable to ride, he could not leave the city and was captured by Henry of Trastamara. Ransomed by Joan, he returned to Naples only briefly before setting off again.
Henry of Trastamara had launched a war against Peter IV of Aragon, and James hoped to take advantage of this to capture Roussillon
and Cerdanya
, the mainland portions of the Majorcan kingdom. However, John of Gaunt procured a truce between Castile and Aragon, and the full weight of the Aragonese forces fell upon James. Defeated again, he fled into Castile, where he died of illness or poison at Soria
in 1375.
His pretensions to Majorca passed to his sister Isabella of Majorca, wife of John II of Montferrat. He willed his rights to Achaea to Joan, who had ruled the remains of the Principality since 1373 by cession of Philip II of Taranto
.
James was the son of James III of Majorca
James III of Majorca
James III , called the Rash or the Unfortunate, son of Ferdinand of Majorca and Isabelle de Sabran, heiress of Principality of Achaea, was the King of Majorca from 1324 to 1344. He was the last independent king of Majorca of the House of Barcelona.James was born at Catania...
and Constance of Aragon
Constance of Aragon, Queen of Majorca
Constance of Aragon was the eldest daughter of Alfonso IV of Aragon and his first wife Teresa d'Entença. She was born into the House of Aragon...
. His maternal grandparents were Alfonso IV of Aragon
Alfonso IV of Aragon
Alfonso IV, called the Kind was the King of Aragon and Count of Barcelona from 1327 to his death. He was the second son of James II and Blanche of Anjou...
and his first wife Teresa of Entença and Antillon.
His father was killed at the Battle of Llucmajor
Battle of Llucmajor
The Battle of Llucmajor occurred in 1349 when Peter IV of Aragon's forces defeated and killed his cousin James III of Majorca in the town of Llucmajor on the Balearic Islands, resulting in the end of the independent Kingdom of Majorca.-References:...
in 1349 while attempting to recapture his kingdom, and James IV was taken prisoner by Peter IV of Aragon
Peter IV of Aragon
Peter IV, , called el Cerimoniós or el del punyalet , was the King of Aragon, King of Sardinia and Corsica , King of Valencia , and Count of Barcelona Peter IV, (Balaguer, September 5, 1319 – Barcelona, January 6, 1387), called el Cerimoniós ("the Ceremonious") or el del punyalet ("the one...
. Now pretender to the Kingdom of Majorca
Kingdom of Majorca
The Kingdom of Majorca was founded by James I of Aragon, also known as James The Conqueror. After the death of his first-born son Alfonso, a will was written in 1262 which created the kingdom in order to cede it to his son James...
and the Principality of Achaea
Principality of Achaea
The Principality of Achaea or of the Morea was one of the three vassal states of the Latin Empire which replaced the Byzantine Empire after the capture of Constantinople during the Fourth Crusade. It became a vassal of the Kingdom of Thessalonica, along with the Duchy of Athens, until Thessalonica...
, James was kept in close confinement in Barcelona
Barcelona
Barcelona is the second largest city in Spain after Madrid, and the capital of Catalonia, with a population of 1,621,537 within its administrative limits on a land area of...
until 1362. He then contrived to escape and take refuge with Joan I of Naples
Joan I of Naples
Joan I , born Joanna of Anjou, was Queen of Naples from 1343 until her death. She was also Countess of Provence and Forcalquier, Queen consort of Majorca and titular Queen of Jerusalem and Sicily 1343–82, and Princess of Achaea 1373/5–81....
, who had aided his father's last attempt on Majorca.
Joan was then childless, and in need of an heir: she married James on September 26, 1363, at Castelnuovo
Castelnuovo
-Places:Comuni in Italy:*Castelnuovo, Province of Trento*Castelnuovo Belbo, Province of Asti*Castelnuovo Berardenga, Province of Siena*Castelnuovo Bocca d'Adda, Province of Lodi*Castelnuovo Bormida, Province of Alessandria...
. Perhaps to avoid the civil strife of Joan's first marriage, he was given the style of Duke of Calabria
Duke of Calabria
Duke of Calabria was the traditional title of the heir apparent of the Kingdom of Naples after the accession of Robert of Naples. It was also adopted by the heads of certain Houses that had once claimed the Kingdom of Naples in lieu of the royal title....
, not of King. However, the marriage proved unsuccessful. The couple had no children. James was determined to recapture his kingdom, and soon departed to make war on the Kingdom of Aragon
Kingdom of Aragon
The Kingdom of Aragon was a medieval and early modern kingdom in the Iberian Peninsula, corresponding to the modern-day autonomous community of Aragon, in Spain...
. He was defeated and forced to flee to Bordeaux
Bordeaux
Bordeaux is a port city on the Garonne River in the Gironde department in southwestern France.The Bordeaux-Arcachon-Libourne metropolitan area, has a population of 1,010,000 and constitutes the sixth-largest urban area in France. It is the capital of the Aquitaine region, as well as the prefecture...
.
There he gained the support of Edward the Black Prince, who he hoped would restore him to Majorca after restoring Peter the Cruel in Castile
Crown of Castile
The Crown of Castile was a medieval and modern state in the Iberian Peninsula that formed in 1230 as a result of the third and definitive union of the crowns and parliaments of the kingdoms of Castile and León upon the accession of the then King Ferdinand III of Castile to the vacant Leonese throne...
. He joined the invasion of Castile, taking part in the battle of Nájera. He was stricken with a long and severe illness in Valladolid
Valladolid
Valladolid is a historic city and municipality in north-central Spain, situated at the confluence of the Pisuerga and Esgueva rivers, and located within three wine-making regions: Ribera del Duero, Rueda and Cigales...
. Unable to ride, he could not leave the city and was captured by Henry of Trastamara. Ransomed by Joan, he returned to Naples only briefly before setting off again.
Henry of Trastamara had launched a war against Peter IV of Aragon, and James hoped to take advantage of this to capture Roussillon
Roussillon
Roussillon is one of the historical counties of the former Principality of Catalonia, corresponding roughly to the present-day southern French département of Pyrénées-Orientales...
and Cerdanya
Cerdanya
Cerdanya is a natural comarca and historical region of the eastern Pyrenees divided between France and Spain. Historically it has been one of the counties of Catalonia....
, the mainland portions of the Majorcan kingdom. However, John of Gaunt procured a truce between Castile and Aragon, and the full weight of the Aragonese forces fell upon James. Defeated again, he fled into Castile, where he died of illness or poison at Soria
Soria
Soria is a city in north-central Spain, the capital of the province of Soria in the autonomous community of Castile and León. , the municipality has a population of c. 39,500 inhabitants, nearly 40% of the population of the province...
in 1375.
His pretensions to Majorca passed to his sister Isabella of Majorca, wife of John II of Montferrat. He willed his rights to Achaea to Joan, who had ruled the remains of the Principality since 1373 by cession of Philip II of Taranto
Philip II of Taranto
Philip II of Taranto of the Angevin house, was Prince of Achaea and Taranto, and titular Emperor of Constantinople from 1364 to his death in 1374....
.