Ivan Delyanov
Encyclopedia
Count Ivan Davidovich Delyanov (December 12, 1818 – January 10, 1898) was a Russian statesman
of Armenia
n descent.
Delyanov graduated from Moscow State University
's Law School
in 1838. In 1857 – 1897, he held a number of important government
al positions. Delyanov became a member of the State Council of Imperial Russia
in 1874. In 1861 – 1882, he was a director of the National Library of Russia in St Petersburg. In 1882 – 1897, Delyanov held a post of the minister of public education
. He introduced a new University charter in 1884, which would deprive universities of their former autonomy. Delyanov also closed down the universities for women (Bestuzhev Courses
) in 1886.
On June 18, 1887, he issued a circular
, which would limit the admittance of children of the non-noble origin to the gymnasium
s. According to this document, gymnasiums and progymnasiums had to restrict the enrollent of children of people of lower classes.
The circular stated in part that the new rules free the gymnasiums from children of coachmen, lackeys, cooks
, laundress
es, petty merchant
s, with the possible exceptions for those endowed with extraordinary abilities, — all those who should not altogether be taken out the environment they belong to. For this reason it has become known as Cookwomen's Children Circular (Циркуляр о кухаркиных детях). This discrimitatory language was capitalized upon by Russian revolutionaries
and was the base of the famous phrase of Vladimir Lenin
that in the Soviet Union
"even a cookwoman may manage the state".
Delyanov also introduced a certain percentage
for accepting the Jews in educational institutions. National minority schools were subject to mandatory russification
.
Statesman
A statesman is usually a politician or other notable public figure who has had a long and respected career in politics or government at the national and international level. As a term of respect, it is usually left to supporters or commentators to use the term...
of Armenia
Armenia
Armenia , officially the Republic of Armenia , is a landlocked mountainous country in the Caucasus region of Eurasia...
n descent.
Delyanov graduated from Moscow State University
Moscow State University
Lomonosov Moscow State University , previously known as Lomonosov University or MSU , is the largest university in Russia. Founded in 1755, it also claims to be one of the oldest university in Russia and to have the tallest educational building in the world. Its current rector is Viktor Sadovnichiy...
's Law School
Law school
A law school is an institution specializing in legal education.- Law degrees :- Canada :...
in 1838. In 1857 – 1897, he held a number of important government
Government
Government refers to the legislators, administrators, and arbitrators in the administrative bureaucracy who control a state at a given time, and to the system of government by which they are organized...
al positions. Delyanov became a member of the State Council of Imperial Russia
State Council of Imperial Russia
The State Council was the supreme state advisory body to the Tsar in Imperial Russia.-18th century:Early Tsars' Councils were small and dealt primarily with the external politics....
in 1874. In 1861 – 1882, he was a director of the National Library of Russia in St Petersburg. In 1882 – 1897, Delyanov held a post of the minister of public education
Public education
State schools, also known in the United States and Canada as public schools,In much of the Commonwealth, including Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, and the United Kingdom, the terms 'public education', 'public school' and 'independent school' are used for private schools, that is, schools...
. He introduced a new University charter in 1884, which would deprive universities of their former autonomy. Delyanov also closed down the universities for women (Bestuzhev Courses
Bestuzhev Courses
The Bestuzhev Courses were the largest and most prominent women's higher education institution in Imperial Russia.The institute opened its doors in 1878. It was named after Konstantin Bestuzhev-Ryumin, the first director. Other professors included Baudouin de Courtenay, Alexander Borodin, Faddei...
) in 1886.
On June 18, 1887, he issued a circular
Circular
Circular is a basic geometric shape such as a Circle.Circular may also refer to:-Documents:*Circular note, a document request by a bank to its foreign correspondents to pay a specified sum of money to a named person...
, which would limit the admittance of children of the non-noble origin to the gymnasium
Gymnasium (school)
A gymnasium is a type of school providing secondary education in some parts of Europe, comparable to English grammar schools or sixth form colleges and U.S. college preparatory high schools. The word γυμνάσιον was used in Ancient Greece, meaning a locality for both physical and intellectual...
s. According to this document, gymnasiums and progymnasiums had to restrict the enrollent of children of people of lower classes.
The circular stated in part that the new rules free the gymnasiums from children of coachmen, lackeys, cooks
Cook (profession)
A cook is a person who prepares food for consumption. In Germany, Austria, Switzerland and Canada this profession requires government approval ....
, laundress
Laundry
Laundry is a noun that refers to the act of washing clothing and linens, the place where that washing is done, and/or that which needs to be, is being, or has been laundered...
es, petty merchant
Merchant
A merchant is a businessperson who trades in commodities that were produced by others, in order to earn a profit.Merchants can be one of two types:# A wholesale merchant operates in the chain between producer and retail merchant...
s, with the possible exceptions for those endowed with extraordinary abilities, — all those who should not altogether be taken out the environment they belong to. For this reason it has become known as Cookwomen's Children Circular (Циркуляр о кухаркиных детях). This discrimitatory language was capitalized upon by Russian revolutionaries
Russian Revolution of 1917
The Russian Revolution is the collective term for a series of revolutions in Russia in 1917, which destroyed the Tsarist autocracy and led to the creation of the Soviet Union. The Tsar was deposed and replaced by a provisional government in the first revolution of February 1917...
and was the base of the famous phrase of Vladimir Lenin
Vladimir Lenin
Vladimir Ilyich Lenin was a Russian Marxist revolutionary and communist politician who led the October Revolution of 1917. As leader of the Bolsheviks, he headed the Soviet state during its initial years , as it fought to establish control of Russia in the Russian Civil War and worked to create a...
that in the Soviet Union
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....
"even a cookwoman may manage the state".
Delyanov also introduced a certain percentage
Percentage
In mathematics, a percentage is a way of expressing a number as a fraction of 100 . It is often denoted using the percent sign, “%”, or the abbreviation “pct”. For example, 45% is equal to 45/100, or 0.45.Percentages are used to express how large/small one quantity is, relative to another quantity...
for accepting the Jews in educational institutions. National minority schools were subject to mandatory russification
Russification
Russification is an adoption of the Russian language or some other Russian attributes by non-Russian communities...
.