Iowa State Highway 1
Encyclopedia
Iowa Highway 1 is a state highway in the U.S. state
of Iowa
that extends from Keosauqua
to Anamosa
. Traveling 120 miles (193.1 km), mainly through rich farmland and small communities, Iowa 1 provides and important link to Iowa City
and the University of Iowa
as it passes through campus. Portions of the route today date back to the late-1830s, when Martin Van Buren
was president
, making Iowa Highway 1 one of the oldest routes in the state, pre-dating the current primary highway system by nearly eighty years. In the Iowa flood of 2008
, Iowa 1 was seriously damaged by the Cedar River, closing the highway for seven weeks.
. It passes through gently rolling farmland for 10 miles (16.1 km) before entering the Des Moines River
valley adjacent to Lacey Keosauqua State Park. The highway crosses the Des Moines River and enters Keosauqua
along Main Street. At Broad Street, Iowa 1 turned north and headed out of town. Between Keosauqua and the southern junction with Iowa 16
, the highway runs parallel to the Des Moines River, the river's course bending sharply around Keosauqua
. South of Birmingham
, Iowa 1 briefly overlaps Iowa 16 for 2 miles (3.2 km). The next 7 miles (11.3 km) run due north passing through Birmingham, before the highway crosses Cedar Creek south of Fairfield
.
On the south side of Fairfield, the highway meets the new U.S. Route 34 / Iowa Highway 163 bypass at a partial cloverleaf interchange. Highway 1 enters Fairfield along Main Street. For one block, Iowa 1 overlaps US 34 Business on Burlington Street before turning onto Second Street. Along Second Street, the highway passes under a BNSF Railway
/ Amtrak
viaduct. North of the viaduct, Iowa 1 turns west for two blocks along Merrill Avenue and turns north again onto Fourth Street. On the northern edge of Fairfield, the highway passes next to Maharishi International University.
North of Fairfield, Iowa 1 passes the Fairfield Municipal Airport
and Maharishi Vedic City
. For the next 9 miles (14.5 km), the highway continues due north through Jefferson
and Keokuk County
. Southeast of Richland
, Iowa 1 meets Iowa 78
at a T-intersection. Heading east from this intersection, Highways 1 and 78 overlap for 7+1/2 mi until entering Brighton
on Fountain Street. Iowa 1 splits off to the north onto Benton Street while Iowa 78 turns to the south and east. North of Brighton, it crosses the Skunk River
and passes through the river's 1 miles (1.6 km) wide valley. For 9 miles (14.5 km), Iowa 1 passes through southern Washington County heading northeast towards Washington
.
At Washington, Iowa 1 intersects Iowa 92 on the southwestern edge of town. The two highways curve around to the north and split 3 miles (4.8 km) later. Highway 1 passes through flat farmland before crossing the English River
south of Kalona
. Iowa 1 skirts the western edge of Kalona and intersects Iowa Highway 22. It continues north for 7 miles (11.3 km) before turning northeast for 8 miles (12.9 km) more towards Iowa City
.
Iowa Highway 1 intersects U.S. Route 218
and Iowa Highway 27, the Avenue of the Saints, at a diamond interchange
on the southwestern edge of Iowa City. Highway 1 curves to the north of Iowa City Municipal Airport
, intersecting U.S. Route 6 at Riverside Drive. For 3/4 mi, Iowa 1 overlaps US 6 on Riverside Drive before crossing the Iowa River
in downtown Iowa City. On Burlington Street, Iowa 1 passes the University of Iowa
library, the old state capitol
, and the Ped Mall
. Iowa 1 turns north onto the one-way Dodge Street; Governor Street handles the accompanying southbound lanes of traffic. The one-way streets rejoin as Dodge Street before intersecting Interstate 80 at another diamond interchange.
Iowa 1 continues north through Johnson County
for 12 miles (19.3 km), passing through Solon
. At Solon, it intersects Johnson County Road F16, which provides access to Lake MacBride State Park, the eponymous reservoir created by damming the Iowa River
. 6 miles (9.7 km) southwest of Mount Vernon
, Highway 1 turns to the northeast, entering Linn County
and crossing the Cedar River before entering Mount Vernon, where it intersects U.S. Route 30. At First Street, Iowa 1 crosses the Lincoln Highway
. On the northern edge of Mount Vernon, Highway 1 crosses a major Union Pacific Railroad
line. Iowa 1 continues north towards Martelle
, where it enters Jones County
. 3+1/2 mi northeast of Martelle, Iowa 1 ends at a partial cloverleaf interchange with U.S. Route 151
.
to Iowa Highway 38 near Rochester
. Between Keosauqua and Iowa City, Iowa 1 replaced Primary Road No. 11; and between Iowa City and Rochester, it replaced Primary Road No. 74. In 1962, Iowa 1 was realigned north of Iowa City
replacing Iowa Highway 261 from Anamosa
to Iowa City
. This section approximately follows part of the route of the territorial and military road from Dubuque
to Iowa City. This road, authorized by President Martin Van Buren
in 1839, was known as Dillon's Furrow, named after the Dubuque merchant Lyman Dillon who surveyed the route and marked it with a furrow. Most of the deviations of the route of Highway 1 from Dillon's original route are the result of road straightening or bypasses around town centers. The leftover section of Iowa 1 from Iowa City
to Iowa 38, part of the Herbert Hoover Highway, became the unsigned Iowa Highway 979.
In 1997, it was announced that parts of U.S. Route 151
and Iowa 1 would become the first Super 2 highways in Iowa. A 42 miles (67.6 km) section between Washington
and U.S. Route 30
was likely to be improved in 2002, but because of funding shortages, the project was scratched.
In the Iowa flood of 2008
, flood waters of the Cedar River caused the closure of Iowa 1 between Solon
and Mount Vernon
on June 12, 2008. Once the floods receded, major damage was left behind. Repair work began on July 11th and were completed by July 30th.
U.S. state
A U.S. state is any one of the 50 federated states of the United States of America that share sovereignty with the federal government. Because of this shared sovereignty, an American is a citizen both of the federal entity and of his or her state of domicile. Four states use the official title of...
of Iowa
Iowa
Iowa is a state located in the Midwestern United States, an area often referred to as the "American Heartland". It derives its name from the Ioway people, one of the many American Indian tribes that occupied the state at the time of European exploration. Iowa was a part of the French colony of New...
that extends from Keosauqua
Keosauqua, Iowa
Keosauqua is a city in Van Buren County, Iowa, United States. The population was 1,066 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Van Buren County.-History:...
to Anamosa
Anamosa, Iowa
As of the census of 2000, there were 5,494 people, 1,750 households, and 1,135 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,453.4 people per square mile . There were 1,884 housing units at an average density of 841.3 per square mile...
. Traveling 120 miles (193.1 km), mainly through rich farmland and small communities, Iowa 1 provides and important link to Iowa City
Iowa City, Iowa
Iowa City is a city in Johnson County, State of Iowa. As of the 2010 Census, the city had a total population of about 67,862, making it the sixth-largest city in the state. Iowa City is the county seat of Johnson County and home to the University of Iowa...
and the University of Iowa
University of Iowa
The University of Iowa is a public state-supported research university located in Iowa City, Iowa, United States. It is the oldest public university in the state. The university is organized into eleven colleges granting undergraduate, graduate, and professional degrees...
as it passes through campus. Portions of the route today date back to the late-1830s, when Martin Van Buren
Martin Van Buren
Martin Van Buren was the eighth President of the United States . Before his presidency, he was the eighth Vice President and the tenth Secretary of State, under Andrew Jackson ....
was president
President of the United States
The President of the United States of America is the head of state and head of government of the United States. The president leads the executive branch of the federal government and is the commander-in-chief of the United States Armed Forces....
, making Iowa Highway 1 one of the oldest routes in the state, pre-dating the current primary highway system by nearly eighty years. In the Iowa flood of 2008
Iowa flood of 2008
The Iowa flood of 2008 was a hydrological event involving most of the rivers in eastern Iowa beginning around June 8, 2008 and ending about July 1. Flooding continued on the Upper Mississippi River in the southeastern portion of the state for several more days...
, Iowa 1 was seriously damaged by the Cedar River, closing the highway for seven weeks.
Route description
Iowa Highway 1 begins at a T-intersection with Iowa 2 in rural Van Buren County, south of KeosauquaKeosauqua, Iowa
Keosauqua is a city in Van Buren County, Iowa, United States. The population was 1,066 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Van Buren County.-History:...
. It passes through gently rolling farmland for 10 miles (16.1 km) before entering the Des Moines River
Des Moines River
The Des Moines River is a tributary river of the Mississippi River, approximately long to its farther headwaters, in the upper Midwestern United States...
valley adjacent to Lacey Keosauqua State Park. The highway crosses the Des Moines River and enters Keosauqua
Keosauqua, Iowa
Keosauqua is a city in Van Buren County, Iowa, United States. The population was 1,066 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Van Buren County.-History:...
along Main Street. At Broad Street, Iowa 1 turned north and headed out of town. Between Keosauqua and the southern junction with Iowa 16
Iowa Highway 16
Iowa Highway 16 is a state highway running from west to east in southeastern Iowa. The highway has a length of . The western terminus of Iowa Highway 16 is at an intersection with U.S. Highway 34 between Agency and Batavia. The eastern terminus is located at Wever at an intersection with U.S...
, the highway runs parallel to the Des Moines River, the river's course bending sharply around Keosauqua
Keosauqua, Iowa
Keosauqua is a city in Van Buren County, Iowa, United States. The population was 1,066 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Van Buren County.-History:...
. South of Birmingham
Birmingham, Iowa
Birmingham is a city in Van Buren County, Iowa, United States. The population was 423 at the 2000 census.- Geography :Birmingham is located at 40°52'43" North, 91°56'48" West ....
, Iowa 1 briefly overlaps Iowa 16 for 2 miles (3.2 km). The next 7 miles (11.3 km) run due north passing through Birmingham, before the highway crosses Cedar Creek south of Fairfield
Fairfield, Iowa
Fairfield is a city and the county seat of Jefferson County, Iowa, United States. The population was 9,464 in the 2010 census, a decline from 9,509 in the 2000 census. - History :...
.
On the south side of Fairfield, the highway meets the new U.S. Route 34 / Iowa Highway 163 bypass at a partial cloverleaf interchange. Highway 1 enters Fairfield along Main Street. For one block, Iowa 1 overlaps US 34 Business on Burlington Street before turning onto Second Street. Along Second Street, the highway passes under a BNSF Railway
BNSF Railway
The BNSF Railway is a wholly owned subsidiary of Berkshire Hathaway Inc., and is headquartered in Fort Worth, Texas. It is one of seven North American Class I railroads and the second largest freight railroad network in North America, second only to the Union Pacific Railroad, its primary...
/ Amtrak
Amtrak
The National Railroad Passenger Corporation, doing business as Amtrak , is a government-owned corporation that was organized on May 1, 1971, to provide intercity passenger train service in the United States. "Amtrak" is a portmanteau of the words "America" and "track". It is headquartered at Union...
viaduct. North of the viaduct, Iowa 1 turns west for two blocks along Merrill Avenue and turns north again onto Fourth Street. On the northern edge of Fairfield, the highway passes next to Maharishi International University.
North of Fairfield, Iowa 1 passes the Fairfield Municipal Airport
Fairfield Municipal Airport (Iowa)
Fairfield Municipal Airport is a public airport located three miles northwest of the central business district of Fairfield, a city in Jefferson County, Iowa, United States...
and Maharishi Vedic City
Maharishi Vedic City, Iowa
Maharishi Vedic City is a city in Jefferson County, Iowa, United States. The city was first incorporated in 2001 as "Vedic City" but then officially changed its name to "Maharishi Vedic City" five months later. It was the first city to incorporate in Iowa since 1982...
. For the next 9 miles (14.5 km), the highway continues due north through Jefferson
Jefferson County, Iowa
-2010 census:The 2010 census recorded a population of 16,843 in the county, with a population density of . There were 7,594 housing units, of which 6,846 were occupied.-2000 census:...
and Keokuk County
Keokuk County, Iowa
-2010 census:The 2010 census recorded a population of 10,511 in the county, with a population density of . There were 4,931 housing units, of which 4,408 were occupied.-2000 census:...
. Southeast of Richland
Richland, Iowa
Richland is a city in Keokuk County, Iowa, United States. The population was 587 at the 2000 census.-Geography:Richland is located at ....
, Iowa 1 meets Iowa 78
Iowa Highway 78
Iowa Highway 78 is a long state highway which runs from east to west in southeastern Iowa. The route begins east of Martinsburg at Iowa Highway 149, and ends at U.S. Route 61 east of Morning Sun. The route has existed since the 1920s, when it was a short spur route between Olds and Winfield...
at a T-intersection. Heading east from this intersection, Highways 1 and 78 overlap for 7+1/2 mi until entering Brighton
Brighton, Iowa
Brighton is a city in Washington County, Iowa, United States. It part of the Iowa City, Iowa Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 687 at the 2000 census.-Geography:Brighton is located at ....
on Fountain Street. Iowa 1 splits off to the north onto Benton Street while Iowa 78 turns to the south and east. North of Brighton, it crosses the Skunk River
Skunk River
The Skunk River is a tributary of the Mississippi River in the state of Iowa in the United States.It rises in two branches, the South Skunk and the North Skunk . The headwaters of the South Skunk are in Hamilton County in north central Iowa. It flows roughly due southward, to the west of...
and passes through the river's 1 miles (1.6 km) wide valley. For 9 miles (14.5 km), Iowa 1 passes through southern Washington County heading northeast towards Washington
Washington, Iowa
Washington is a city in and the county seat of Washington County, Iowa, United States. It is part of the Iowa City, Iowa Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 7,047 at the 2000 census.-History:...
.
At Washington, Iowa 1 intersects Iowa 92 on the southwestern edge of town. The two highways curve around to the north and split 3 miles (4.8 km) later. Highway 1 passes through flat farmland before crossing the English River
English River
English River may refer to:* English River , United States* English River , Canada, a river* English River, Ontario, a town* English River, Seychelles, known as La Rivière Anglaise in French...
south of Kalona
Kalona, Iowa
Kalona is a city in Washington County, Iowa, United States. It is part of the Iowa City, Iowa Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 2,293 at the 2000 census. Kalona is the second largest city in Washington County.-History:...
. Iowa 1 skirts the western edge of Kalona and intersects Iowa Highway 22. It continues north for 7 miles (11.3 km) before turning northeast for 8 miles (12.9 km) more towards Iowa City
Iowa City, Iowa
Iowa City is a city in Johnson County, State of Iowa. As of the 2010 Census, the city had a total population of about 67,862, making it the sixth-largest city in the state. Iowa City is the county seat of Johnson County and home to the University of Iowa...
.
Iowa Highway 1 intersects U.S. Route 218
U.S. Route 218
U.S. Route 218 is an original United States Highway, created in 1926. Although technically a spur of U.S. Route 18, US 218 neither begins nor ends at US 18, but overlaps US 18 for near Charles City, Iowa. US 218 begins at U.S. Route 136 in downtown Keokuk and ends away at...
and Iowa Highway 27, the Avenue of the Saints, at a diamond interchange
Diamond interchange
A diamond interchange is a common type of road junction, used where a freeway crosses a minor road. The freeway itself is grade-separated from the minor road, one crossing the other over a bridge...
on the southwestern edge of Iowa City. Highway 1 curves to the north of Iowa City Municipal Airport
Iowa City Municipal Airport
Iowa City Municipal Airport is a general aviation airport located in the southwest portion of the city of Iowa City in Johnson County, Iowa, USA. It is located at , along the Iowa River...
, intersecting U.S. Route 6 at Riverside Drive. For 3/4 mi, Iowa 1 overlaps US 6 on Riverside Drive before crossing the Iowa River
Iowa River
The Iowa River is a tributary of the Mississippi River in the state of Iowa in the United States. It is about long and is open to small river craft to Iowa City, about from its mouth...
in downtown Iowa City. On Burlington Street, Iowa 1 passes the University of Iowa
University of Iowa
The University of Iowa is a public state-supported research university located in Iowa City, Iowa, United States. It is the oldest public university in the state. The university is organized into eleven colleges granting undergraduate, graduate, and professional degrees...
library, the old state capitol
Iowa Old Capitol Building
The Iowa Old Capitol Building is located in Iowa City, Iowa, United States. It was once the main government building for the state of Iowa, and it now stands as the most prominent landmark at the center of the University of Iowa's campus. It is a U.S...
, and the Ped Mall
Ped Mall (Iowa City)
The Ped Mall, also known as the Pedestrian Mall, is a pedestrian mall located in downtown Iowa City, Iowa, near the University of Iowa campus. Spanning from Burlington Street to Washington Street and Clinton Street to Linn Street, the Ped Mall serves as a gathering place for students, locals,...
. Iowa 1 turns north onto the one-way Dodge Street; Governor Street handles the accompanying southbound lanes of traffic. The one-way streets rejoin as Dodge Street before intersecting Interstate 80 at another diamond interchange.
Iowa 1 continues north through Johnson County
Johnson County, Iowa
-2010 census:The 2010 census recorded a population of 130,882 in the county, with a population density of . There were 55,967 housing units, of which 52,715 were occupied.-2000 census:...
for 12 miles (19.3 km), passing through Solon
Solon, Iowa
Solon is a city located in Johnson County, Iowa, United States. Part of the Iowa City, Iowa Metropolitan Statistical Area, it is located a few miles from Lake MacBride State Park and the larger cities of Coralville and Iowa City. The population was 1,177 at the 2000 census.-History:Solon is named...
. At Solon, it intersects Johnson County Road F16, which provides access to Lake MacBride State Park, the eponymous reservoir created by damming the Iowa River
Iowa River
The Iowa River is a tributary of the Mississippi River in the state of Iowa in the United States. It is about long and is open to small river craft to Iowa City, about from its mouth...
. 6 miles (9.7 km) southwest of Mount Vernon
Mount Vernon, Iowa
Mount Vernon is a city in Linn County, Iowa, United States, adjacent to the city of Lisbon. The city's population was 3,390 when the 2000 census figures were released, but that number was later revised to 3,808 because the Census Bureau had incorrectly reported that 418 residents of a Cornell...
, Highway 1 turns to the northeast, entering Linn County
Linn County, Iowa
-2010 census:The 2010 census recorded a population of 211,226 in the county, with a population density of . There were 92,251 housing units, of which 86,134 were occupied.-2000 census:...
and crossing the Cedar River before entering Mount Vernon, where it intersects U.S. Route 30. At First Street, Iowa 1 crosses the Lincoln Highway
Lincoln Highway
The Lincoln Highway was the first road across the United States of America.Conceived and promoted by entrepreneur Carl G. Fisher, the Lincoln Highway spanned coast-to-coast from Times Square in New York City to Lincoln Park in San Francisco, originally through 13 states: New York, New Jersey,...
. On the northern edge of Mount Vernon, Highway 1 crosses a major Union Pacific Railroad
Union Pacific Railroad
The Union Pacific Railroad , headquartered in Omaha, Nebraska, is the largest railroad network in the United States. James R. Young is president, CEO and Chairman....
line. Iowa 1 continues north towards Martelle
Martelle, Iowa
Martelle is a city in Jones County, Iowa, United States. The population was 280 at the 2000 census. It is part of the Cedar Rapids Metropolitan Statistical Area.-Geography:Martelle is located at ....
, where it enters Jones County
Jones County, Iowa
-2010 census:The 2010 census recorded a population of 20,638 in the county, with a population density of . There were 8,911 housing units, of which 8,151 were occupied.-2000 census:...
. 3+1/2 mi northeast of Martelle, Iowa 1 ends at a partial cloverleaf interchange with U.S. Route 151
U.S. Route 151
U.S. Route 151 is a U.S. Highway that runs through the states of Iowa and Wisconsin. The southern terminus for U.S. 151 is at a junction with Interstate 80 in Iowa County, Iowa, and its northern terminus is at Manitowoc, Wisconsin. The route, from south to north follows a northeasterly path through...
.
History
The current Iowa Highway 1 was designated in the 1920s, extending from Iowa Highway 2 near KeosauquaKeosauqua, Iowa
Keosauqua is a city in Van Buren County, Iowa, United States. The population was 1,066 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Van Buren County.-History:...
to Iowa Highway 38 near Rochester
Rochester Township, Cedar County, Iowa
Rochester Township is one of seventeen townships in Cedar County, Iowa, USA. As of the 2000 census, its population was 603.-Geography:Rochester Township covers an area of and contains no incorporated settlements. According to the USGS, it contains two cemeteries: Healey and Hebron.-External...
. Between Keosauqua and Iowa City, Iowa 1 replaced Primary Road No. 11; and between Iowa City and Rochester, it replaced Primary Road No. 74. In 1962, Iowa 1 was realigned north of Iowa City
Iowa City, Iowa
Iowa City is a city in Johnson County, State of Iowa. As of the 2010 Census, the city had a total population of about 67,862, making it the sixth-largest city in the state. Iowa City is the county seat of Johnson County and home to the University of Iowa...
replacing Iowa Highway 261 from Anamosa
Anamosa, Iowa
As of the census of 2000, there were 5,494 people, 1,750 households, and 1,135 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,453.4 people per square mile . There were 1,884 housing units at an average density of 841.3 per square mile...
to Iowa City
Iowa City, Iowa
Iowa City is a city in Johnson County, State of Iowa. As of the 2010 Census, the city had a total population of about 67,862, making it the sixth-largest city in the state. Iowa City is the county seat of Johnson County and home to the University of Iowa...
. This section approximately follows part of the route of the territorial and military road from Dubuque
Dubuque, Iowa
Dubuque is a city in and the county seat of Dubuque County, Iowa, United States, located along the Mississippi River. In 2010 its population was 57,637, making it the ninth-largest city in the state and the county's population was 93,653....
to Iowa City. This road, authorized by President Martin Van Buren
Martin Van Buren
Martin Van Buren was the eighth President of the United States . Before his presidency, he was the eighth Vice President and the tenth Secretary of State, under Andrew Jackson ....
in 1839, was known as Dillon's Furrow, named after the Dubuque merchant Lyman Dillon who surveyed the route and marked it with a furrow. Most of the deviations of the route of Highway 1 from Dillon's original route are the result of road straightening or bypasses around town centers. The leftover section of Iowa 1 from Iowa City
Iowa City, Iowa
Iowa City is a city in Johnson County, State of Iowa. As of the 2010 Census, the city had a total population of about 67,862, making it the sixth-largest city in the state. Iowa City is the county seat of Johnson County and home to the University of Iowa...
to Iowa 38, part of the Herbert Hoover Highway, became the unsigned Iowa Highway 979.
In 1997, it was announced that parts of U.S. Route 151
U.S. Route 151
U.S. Route 151 is a U.S. Highway that runs through the states of Iowa and Wisconsin. The southern terminus for U.S. 151 is at a junction with Interstate 80 in Iowa County, Iowa, and its northern terminus is at Manitowoc, Wisconsin. The route, from south to north follows a northeasterly path through...
and Iowa 1 would become the first Super 2 highways in Iowa. A 42 miles (67.6 km) section between Washington
Washington, Iowa
Washington is a city in and the county seat of Washington County, Iowa, United States. It is part of the Iowa City, Iowa Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 7,047 at the 2000 census.-History:...
and U.S. Route 30
U.S. Route 30 in Iowa
U.S. Route 30 is a major east–west U.S. Highway which spans across the state of Iowa. It is the longest primary highway in the state and is maintained by the Iowa Department of Transportation . The route in Iowa begins at the Missouri River crossing at Blair, Nebraska, and ends at the...
was likely to be improved in 2002, but because of funding shortages, the project was scratched.
In the Iowa flood of 2008
Iowa flood of 2008
The Iowa flood of 2008 was a hydrological event involving most of the rivers in eastern Iowa beginning around June 8, 2008 and ending about July 1. Flooding continued on the Upper Mississippi River in the southeastern portion of the state for several more days...
, flood waters of the Cedar River caused the closure of Iowa 1 between Solon
Solon, Iowa
Solon is a city located in Johnson County, Iowa, United States. Part of the Iowa City, Iowa Metropolitan Statistical Area, it is located a few miles from Lake MacBride State Park and the larger cities of Coralville and Iowa City. The population was 1,177 at the 2000 census.-History:Solon is named...
and Mount Vernon
Mount Vernon, Iowa
Mount Vernon is a city in Linn County, Iowa, United States, adjacent to the city of Lisbon. The city's population was 3,390 when the 2000 census figures were released, but that number was later revised to 3,808 because the Census Bureau had incorrectly reported that 418 residents of a Cornell...
on June 12, 2008. Once the floods receded, major damage was left behind. Repair work began on July 11th and were completed by July 30th.