Indemini
Encyclopedia
Indemini is a former municipality
in the district of Locarno
in the canton
of Ticino
in Switzerland
.
On 25 April 2010, the former municipalities of Caviano
, Contone
, Gerra Gambarogno
, Indemini, Magadino
, Piazzogna
, San Nazzaro
, Sant'Abbondio and Vira Gambarogno
merged in the new municipality of Gambarogno
.
it was part of the Vicinanza
of Gambarogno. In the 17th Century there were disputes over alpine pastures and forest owned by the village cooperatives of the Valle Veddasca and the Malcantone. In 1752, these border disputes were resolved with the Treaty of Varese. In 1800, the Helvetic
government considered exchanging Indemini for Campione d'Italia
in the Cisalpine Republic
.
A vice-parish
was formed in 1556 after they broke away from the parish of Vira. The church of San Bartolomeo, which is probably built before 1213, was expanded in the 17th Century and renovated in the 19th Century.
The village was isolated for most of its history. It wasn't until 1917-18 that a roadway was built on the Swiss side. A road from Italy wasn't built until 1964. The isolation helped Indemini to retain its rural appearance. In the past, the village economy relied on agriculture, but it declined in importance in the 1970s and 80s. During most of the year, the village is mostly abandoned, but in the summer season the population expands rapidly.
Of the built up area, housing and buildings made up 0.5% and transportation infrastructure made up 0.4%. Out of the forested land, 55.8% of the total land area is heavily forested, while 20.2% is covered in small trees and shrubbery and 2.2% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 0.4% is used for growing crops. All the water in the municipality is flowing water. Of the unproductive areas, 11.8% is unproductive vegetation and 1.4% is too rocky for vegetation.
The village is located in the Locarno district at an elevation of 938 m (3,077.4 ft) in the upper Valle Veddasca on the Italian
border.
of the municipal coat of arms
is Vert, a sickle and axe argent handled or in saltire and in chief a sun issuant from a barulette bendy argent and red.
An even amount of the population speaks German
and Italian
(48.7% each), with the rest speaking French
(2.6%). Of the Swiss national languages , 19 speak German
, 1 person speaks French
, 19 people speak Italian
.
, the gender distribution of the population was 58.1% male and 41.9% female. The population was made up of 24 Swiss men (55.8% of the population), and 1 (2.3%) non-Swiss man. There were 16 Swiss women (37.2%), and 2 (4.7%) non-Swiss women. In there was the death of a Swiss citizen. Ignoring immigration and emigration, the population of Swiss citizens decreased by 1 while the foreign population remained the same. There was 1 Swiss man who immigrated back to Switzerland. The total Swiss population change in 2008 (from all sources, including moves across municipal borders) was a decrease of 2 and the non-Swiss population change was an increase of 1 people. This represents a population growth rate of -2.3%.
The age distribution, , in Indemini is; there are no children between 0 and 9 years old and there are 2 teenagers or 4.7% who are between 10 and 19. Of the adult population, 6 people or 14.0% of the population are between 20 and 29 years old. 9 people or 20.9% are between 40 and 49, and 9 people or 20.9% are between 50 and 59. The senior population distribution is 12 people or 27.9% of the population are between 60 and 69 years old, 1 person is between 70 and 79, there are 4 people or 9.3% who are over 80.
the average number of residents per living room was 0.55 which is about equal to the cantonal average of 0.6 per room. In this case, a room is defined as space of a housing unit of at least 4 m² (43.1 sq ft) as normal bedrooms, dining rooms, living rooms, kitchens and habitable cellars and attics. About 66.7% of the total households were owner occupied, or in other words did not pay rent (though they may have a mortgage
or a rent-to-own agreement).
, there were 21 private households in the village, and an average of 1.9 persons per household. there were 213 single family homes (or 97.3% of the total) out of a total of 219 inhabited buildings. There were 3 two family buildings (1.4%) and 1 multi-family buildings (0.5%). There were also 2 buildings in the village that were multipurpose buildings (used for both housing and commercial or another purpose).
The vacancy rate for the village, , was 0%. there were 225 apartments in the village. The most common apartment size was the 3 room apartment of which there were 66. There were 35 single room apartments and 28 apartments with five or more rooms. Of these apartments, a total of 21 apartments (9.3% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 204 apartments (90.7%) were seasonally occupied. , the construction rate of new housing units was 0 new units per 1000 residents.
The historical population is given in the following table:
the most popular party was the FDP
which received 30.43% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the SP
(16.85%), the CVP
(14.13%) and the SVP
(11.96%). In the federal election, a total of 23 votes were cast, and the voter turnout
was 40.4%.
In the Gran Consiglio election, there were a total of 51 registered voters in Indemini, of which 24 or 47.1% voted. The most popular party was the PLRT
which received 6 or 25.0% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were; the PS
(with 5 or 20.8%), the PPD
+GenGiova (with 4 or 16.7%) and the LEGA
(with 2 or 8.3%).
In the Consiglio di Stato election, The most popular party was the PLRT which received 8 or 33.3% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were; the PLRT (with 8 or 33.3%), the PPD (with 4 or 16.7%) and the LEGA (with 2 or 8.3%).
, there were 5 workers who commuted into the village and 2 workers who commuted away. The village is a net importer of workers, with about 2.5 workers entering the village for every one leaving. Of the working population, 8.3% used public transportation to get to work, and 16.7% used a private car.
. There are 12 individuals (or about 30.77% of the population) who belong to another church (not listed on the census), and
).
In Indemini there were a total of 6 students . The Ticino education system
provides up to three years of non-mandatory kindergarten
and in Indemini there were children in kindergarten. The primary school program lasts for five years. In the village, 1 student attended the standard primary school. In the lower secondary school system, students either attend a two year middle school followed by a two year pre-apprenticeship or they attend a four year program to prepare for higher education. There were 1 student in the two year middle school, while 1 students were in the four year advanced program.
The upper secondary school includes several options, but at the end of the upper secondary program, a student will be prepared to enter a trade or to continue on to a university or college. In Ticino, vocational students may either attend school while working on their internship or apprenticeship (which takes three or four years) or may attend school followed by an internship or apprenticeship (which takes one year as a full-time student or one and a half to two years as a part-time student). There were 2 vocational students who were attending school full-time and 0 who attend part-time.
The professional program lasts three years and prepares a student for a job in engineering, nursing, computer science, business, tourism and similar fields. There was 1 student in the professional program.
, there were 9 students from Indemini who attended schools outside the village.
Municipalities of Switzerland
Communes , also known as municipalities, are the smallest government division in Switzerland, numbering 2,596 . While many have a population of a few hundred citizens, the largest cities such as Zürich or Geneva also have the legal status of municipalities...
in the district of Locarno
Locarno (district)
The district of Locarno is a district of Canton Ticino, Switzerland. It has a population of .-Geography:...
in the canton
Cantons of Switzerland
The 26 cantons of Switzerland are the member states of the federal state of Switzerland. Each canton was a fully sovereign state with its own borders, army and currency from the Treaty of Westphalia until the establishment of the Swiss federal state in 1848...
of Ticino
Ticino
Canton Ticino or Ticino is the southernmost canton of Switzerland. Named after the Ticino river, it is the only canton in which Italian is the sole official language...
in Switzerland
Switzerland
Switzerland name of one of the Swiss cantons. ; ; ; or ), in its full name the Swiss Confederation , is a federal republic consisting of 26 cantons, with Bern as the seat of the federal authorities. The country is situated in Western Europe,Or Central Europe depending on the definition....
.
On 25 April 2010, the former municipalities of Caviano
Caviano
Caviano is a former municipality in the district of Locarno in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.On 25 April 2010, the former municipalities of Caviano, Contone, Gerra Gambarogno, Indemini, Magadino, Piazzogna, San Nazzaro, Sant'Abbondio and Vira Gambarogno merged in the new municipality of...
, Contone
Contone
Contone is a former municipality in the district of Locarno in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.On 25 April 2010, the former municipalities of Caviano, Contone, Gerra Gambarogno, Indemini, Magadino, Piazzogna, San Nazzaro, Sant'Abbondio and Vira Gambarogno merged in the new municipality of...
, Gerra Gambarogno
Gerra (Gambarogno)
Gerra is a former municipality in the district of Locarno in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.On 25 April 2010, the former municipalities of Caviano, Contone, Gerra Gambarogno, Indemini, Magadino, Piazzogna, San Nazzaro, Sant'Abbondio and Vira Gambarogno merged in the new municipality of...
, Indemini, Magadino
Magadino
Magadino is a former municipality in the district of Locarno in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.On 25 April 2010, the former municipalities of Caviano, Contone, Gerra Gambarogno, Indemini, Magadino, Piazzogna, San Nazzaro, Sant'Abbondio and Vira Gambarogno merged in the new municipality of...
, Piazzogna
Piazzogna
Piazzogna is a former municipality in the district of Locarno in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.On 25 April 2010, the former municipalities of Caviano, Contone, Gerra Gambarogno, Indemini, Magadino, Piazzogna, San Nazzaro, Sant'Abbondio and Vira Gambarogno merged in the new municipality of...
, San Nazzaro
San Nazzaro, Switzerland
San Nazzaro is a former municipality in the district of Locarno in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.On 25 April 2010, the former municipalities of Caviano, Contone, Gerra Gambarogno, Indemini, Magadino, Piazzogna, San Nazzaro, Sant'Abbondio and Vira Gambarogno merged in the new municipality of...
, Sant'Abbondio and Vira Gambarogno
Vira (Gambarogno)
Vira is a former municipality in the district of Locarno in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.On 25 April 2010, the former municipalities of Caviano, Contone, Gerra Gambarogno, Indemini, Magadino, Piazzogna, San Nazzaro, Sant'Abbondio and Vira Gambarogno merged in the new municipality of...
merged in the new municipality of Gambarogno
Gambarogno
Gambarogno is a municipality in the district of Locarno in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. It was created on 25 April 2010 through the merger of the municipalities of Caviano, Contone, Gerra Gambarogno, Indemini, Magadino, Piazzogna, San Nazzaro, Sant'Abbondio and Vira...
.
History
Indemini is first mentioned in 1260 as Indemine. In the Middle AgesMiddle Ages
The Middle Ages is a periodization of European history from the 5th century to the 15th century. The Middle Ages follows the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 and precedes the Early Modern Era. It is the middle period of a three-period division of Western history: Classic, Medieval and Modern...
it was part of the Vicinanza
Bürgergemeinde
The Bürgergemeinde is a statutory corporation in public law in Switzerland...
of Gambarogno. In the 17th Century there were disputes over alpine pastures and forest owned by the village cooperatives of the Valle Veddasca and the Malcantone. In 1752, these border disputes were resolved with the Treaty of Varese. In 1800, the Helvetic
Helvetic Republic
In Swiss history, the Helvetic Republic represented an early attempt to impose a central authority over Switzerland, which until then consisted mainly of self-governing cantons united by a loose military alliance, and conquered territories such as Vaud...
government considered exchanging Indemini for Campione d'Italia
Campione d'Italia
Campione d'Italia is an Italian comune of the Province of Como in the Lombardy region, occupying an enclave within the Swiss canton of Ticino, separated from the rest of Italy by Lake Lugano and mountains...
in the Cisalpine Republic
Cisalpine Republic
The Cisalpine Republic was a French client republic in Northern Italy that lasted from 1797 to 1802.-Birth:After the Battle of Lodi in May 1796, Napoleon Bonaparte proceeded to organize two states: one to the south of the Po River, the Cispadane Republic, and one to the north, the Transpadane...
.
A vice-parish
Parish
A parish is a territorial unit historically under the pastoral care and clerical jurisdiction of one parish priest, who might be assisted in his pastoral duties by a curate or curates - also priests but not the parish priest - from a more or less central parish church with its associated organization...
was formed in 1556 after they broke away from the parish of Vira. The church of San Bartolomeo, which is probably built before 1213, was expanded in the 17th Century and renovated in the 19th Century.
The village was isolated for most of its history. It wasn't until 1917-18 that a roadway was built on the Swiss side. A road from Italy wasn't built until 1964. The isolation helped Indemini to retain its rural appearance. In the past, the village economy relied on agriculture, but it declined in importance in the 1970s and 80s. During most of the year, the village is mostly abandoned, but in the summer season the population expands rapidly.
Geography
Indemini has an area, , of 11.32 square kilometres (4.4 sq mi). Of this area, 0.11 km² (0.0424712374451789 sq mi) or 1.0% is used for agricultural purposes, while 8.86 km² (3.4 sq mi) or 78.3% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 0.13 km² (32.1 acre) or 1.1% is settled (buildings or roads), 0.07 km² (17.3 acre) or 0.6% is either rivers or lakes and 1.5 km² (0.579153237888803 sq mi) or 13.3% is unproductive land.Of the built up area, housing and buildings made up 0.5% and transportation infrastructure made up 0.4%. Out of the forested land, 55.8% of the total land area is heavily forested, while 20.2% is covered in small trees and shrubbery and 2.2% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 0.4% is used for growing crops. All the water in the municipality is flowing water. Of the unproductive areas, 11.8% is unproductive vegetation and 1.4% is too rocky for vegetation.
The village is located in the Locarno district at an elevation of 938 m (3,077.4 ft) in the upper Valle Veddasca on the Italian
Italy
Italy , officially the Italian Republic languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Italy's official name is as follows:;;;;;;;;), is a unitary parliamentary republic in South-Central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and...
border.
Coat of arms
The blazonBlazon
In heraldry and heraldic vexillology, a blazon is a formal description of a coat of arms, flag or similar emblem, from which the reader can reconstruct the appropriate image...
of the municipal coat of arms
Coat of arms
A coat of arms is a unique heraldic design on a shield or escutcheon or on a surcoat or tabard used to cover and protect armour and to identify the wearer. Thus the term is often stated as "coat-armour", because it was anciently displayed on the front of a coat of cloth...
is Vert, a sickle and axe argent handled or in saltire and in chief a sun issuant from a barulette bendy argent and red.
Demographics
Indemini has a population of 43. , 4.7% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years (1997–2007) the population has changed at a rate of -26.7%.An even amount of the population speaks German
German language
German is a West Germanic language, related to and classified alongside English and Dutch. With an estimated 90 – 98 million native speakers, German is one of the world's major languages and is the most widely-spoken first language in the European Union....
and Italian
Italian language
Italian is a Romance language spoken mainly in Europe: Italy, Switzerland, San Marino, Vatican City, by minorities in Malta, Monaco, Croatia, Slovenia, France, Libya, Eritrea, and Somalia, and by immigrant communities in the Americas and Australia...
(48.7% each), with the rest speaking French
French language
French is a Romance language spoken as a first language in France, the Romandy region in Switzerland, Wallonia and Brussels in Belgium, Monaco, the regions of Quebec and Acadia in Canada, and by various communities elsewhere. Second-language speakers of French are distributed throughout many parts...
(2.6%). Of the Swiss national languages , 19 speak German
German language
German is a West Germanic language, related to and classified alongside English and Dutch. With an estimated 90 – 98 million native speakers, German is one of the world's major languages and is the most widely-spoken first language in the European Union....
, 1 person speaks French
French language
French is a Romance language spoken as a first language in France, the Romandy region in Switzerland, Wallonia and Brussels in Belgium, Monaco, the regions of Quebec and Acadia in Canada, and by various communities elsewhere. Second-language speakers of French are distributed throughout many parts...
, 19 people speak Italian
Italian language
Italian is a Romance language spoken mainly in Europe: Italy, Switzerland, San Marino, Vatican City, by minorities in Malta, Monaco, Croatia, Slovenia, France, Libya, Eritrea, and Somalia, and by immigrant communities in the Americas and Australia...
.
, the gender distribution of the population was 58.1% male and 41.9% female. The population was made up of 24 Swiss men (55.8% of the population), and 1 (2.3%) non-Swiss man. There were 16 Swiss women (37.2%), and 2 (4.7%) non-Swiss women. In there was the death of a Swiss citizen. Ignoring immigration and emigration, the population of Swiss citizens decreased by 1 while the foreign population remained the same. There was 1 Swiss man who immigrated back to Switzerland. The total Swiss population change in 2008 (from all sources, including moves across municipal borders) was a decrease of 2 and the non-Swiss population change was an increase of 1 people. This represents a population growth rate of -2.3%.
The age distribution, , in Indemini is; there are no children between 0 and 9 years old and there are 2 teenagers or 4.7% who are between 10 and 19. Of the adult population, 6 people or 14.0% of the population are between 20 and 29 years old. 9 people or 20.9% are between 40 and 49, and 9 people or 20.9% are between 50 and 59. The senior population distribution is 12 people or 27.9% of the population are between 60 and 69 years old, 1 person is between 70 and 79, there are 4 people or 9.3% who are over 80.
the average number of residents per living room was 0.55 which is about equal to the cantonal average of 0.6 per room. In this case, a room is defined as space of a housing unit of at least 4 m² (43.1 sq ft) as normal bedrooms, dining rooms, living rooms, kitchens and habitable cellars and attics. About 66.7% of the total households were owner occupied, or in other words did not pay rent (though they may have a mortgage
Mortgage loan
A mortgage loan is a loan secured by real property through the use of a mortgage note which evidences the existence of the loan and the encumbrance of that realty through the granting of a mortgage which secures the loan...
or a rent-to-own agreement).
, there were 21 private households in the village, and an average of 1.9 persons per household. there were 213 single family homes (or 97.3% of the total) out of a total of 219 inhabited buildings. There were 3 two family buildings (1.4%) and 1 multi-family buildings (0.5%). There were also 2 buildings in the village that were multipurpose buildings (used for both housing and commercial or another purpose).
The vacancy rate for the village, , was 0%. there were 225 apartments in the village. The most common apartment size was the 3 room apartment of which there were 66. There were 35 single room apartments and 28 apartments with five or more rooms. Of these apartments, a total of 21 apartments (9.3% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 204 apartments (90.7%) were seasonally occupied. , the construction rate of new housing units was 0 new units per 1000 residents.
The historical population is given in the following table:
| year | population |
|---|---|
| 1591 | c. 200 |
| 1683 | 376 |
| 1801 | 287 |
| 1850 | 409 |
| 1900 | 340 |
| 1950 | 206 |
| 1970 | 64 |
| 2000 | 39 |
Politics
In the 2007 federal electionSwiss federal election, 2007
Elections to the Swiss Federal Assembly, the federal parliament of Switzerland, were held on Sunday, 21 October 2007. In a few cantons, a second round of the elections to the Council of States was held on 11 November, 18 November, and 25 November 2007...
the most popular party was the FDP
FDP.The Liberals
FDP.The Liberals is a classical liberal political party in Switzerland. It is the joint-largest party in the Federal Council, third-largest party in the National Council, and second-largest in the Council of States....
which received 30.43% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the SP
Social Democratic Party of Switzerland
The Social Democratic Party of Switzerland is the largest centre-left political party in Switzerland....
(16.85%), the CVP
Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland
The Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland is a Christian democratic political party in Switzerland. It is the fourth-largest party in the National Council, with 31 seats, and the largest in the Council of States, with 15 seats. It has one seat, that of Doris Leuthard, on the Swiss...
(14.13%) and the SVP
Swiss People's Party
The Swiss People's Party , also known as the Democratic Union of the Centre , is a conservative political party in Switzerland. Chaired by Toni Brunner, but spearheaded by Christoph Blocher, the party is the largest party in the Federal Assembly, with 58 members of the National Council and 6 of...
(11.96%). In the federal election, a total of 23 votes were cast, and the voter turnout
Voter turnout
Voter turnout is the percentage of eligible voters who cast a ballot in an election . After increasing for many decades, there has been a trend of decreasing voter turnout in most established democracies since the 1960s...
was 40.4%.
In the Gran Consiglio election, there were a total of 51 registered voters in Indemini, of which 24 or 47.1% voted. The most popular party was the PLRT
FDP.The Liberals
FDP.The Liberals is a classical liberal political party in Switzerland. It is the joint-largest party in the Federal Council, third-largest party in the National Council, and second-largest in the Council of States....
which received 6 or 25.0% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were; the PS
Social Democratic Party of Switzerland
The Social Democratic Party of Switzerland is the largest centre-left political party in Switzerland....
(with 5 or 20.8%), the PPD
Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland
The Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland is a Christian democratic political party in Switzerland. It is the fourth-largest party in the National Council, with 31 seats, and the largest in the Council of States, with 15 seats. It has one seat, that of Doris Leuthard, on the Swiss...
+GenGiova (with 4 or 16.7%) and the LEGA
Ticino League
The Ticino League is an isolationist, national conservative political party in Switzerland active in the canton of Ticino.In 1991, after some public campaigning in the Sunday journal Mattino della Domenica against political power and use of public money, the editor Giuliano Bignasca and the...
(with 2 or 8.3%).
In the Consiglio di Stato election, The most popular party was the PLRT which received 8 or 33.3% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were; the PLRT (with 8 or 33.3%), the PPD (with 4 or 16.7%) and the LEGA (with 2 or 8.3%).
Economy
, Indemini had an unemployment rate of 0%. , there were 6 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 3 businesses involved in this sector. No one was employed in the secondary sector and there were no businesses in this sector. 6 people were employed in the tertiary sector, with 3 businesses in this sector. There were 12 residents of the village who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 16.7% of the workforce., there were 5 workers who commuted into the village and 2 workers who commuted away. The village is a net importer of workers, with about 2.5 workers entering the village for every one leaving. Of the working population, 8.3% used public transportation to get to work, and 16.7% used a private car.
Religion
From the , 17 or 43.6% were Roman Catholic, while 10 or 25.6% belonged to the Swiss Reformed ChurchSwiss Reformed Church
The Reformed branch of Protestantism in Switzerland was started in Zürich by Huldrych Zwingli and spread within a few years to Basel , Bern , St...
. There are 12 individuals (or about 30.77% of the population) who belong to another church (not listed on the census), and
Education
The entire Swiss population is generally well educated. In Indemini about 61.2% of the population (between age 25-64) have completed either non-mandatory upper secondary education or additional higher education (either University or a FachhochschuleFachhochschule
A Fachhochschule or University of Applied Sciences is a German type of tertiary education institution, sometimes specialized in certain topical areas . Fachhochschulen were founded in Germany and later adopted by Austria, Liechtenstein, Switzerland and Greece...
).
In Indemini there were a total of 6 students . The Ticino education system
Education in Switzerland
The education system in Switzerland is very diverse, because the constitution of Switzerland delegates the authority for the school system mainly to the cantons...
provides up to three years of non-mandatory kindergarten
Kindergarten
A kindergarten is a preschool educational institution for children. The term was created by Friedrich Fröbel for the play and activity institute that he created in 1837 in Bad Blankenburg as a social experience for children for their transition from home to school...
and in Indemini there were children in kindergarten. The primary school program lasts for five years. In the village, 1 student attended the standard primary school. In the lower secondary school system, students either attend a two year middle school followed by a two year pre-apprenticeship or they attend a four year program to prepare for higher education. There were 1 student in the two year middle school, while 1 students were in the four year advanced program.
The upper secondary school includes several options, but at the end of the upper secondary program, a student will be prepared to enter a trade or to continue on to a university or college. In Ticino, vocational students may either attend school while working on their internship or apprenticeship (which takes three or four years) or may attend school followed by an internship or apprenticeship (which takes one year as a full-time student or one and a half to two years as a part-time student). There were 2 vocational students who were attending school full-time and 0 who attend part-time.
The professional program lasts three years and prepares a student for a job in engineering, nursing, computer science, business, tourism and similar fields. There was 1 student in the professional program.
, there were 9 students from Indemini who attended schools outside the village.