House of Ogedei
Encyclopedia
The House of Ogedei, sometimes called the Ogedeids were an influential family of Mongol Borjigin
(Imperial, or Golden Family) from the 12th to 14th centuries. They were descended from Ogedei Khan
(1186-1241), a son of Genghis Khan
who had become his father's successor, second Great Khan of the Mongol Empire. Ogedei continued the expansion of the Mongol Empire. When, after the Toluid Mongke Khan
's death, the Mongol Empire disintegrated into civil war, the members of the House of Ogedei were influential players in the politics of the region. Of Genghis's sons, Ogedei, Jochi
, Chagatai
, and Tolui
, the House of Ogedei tended to ally with the Chagataids (descendants of Chagatai) against the House of Jochi, while seeking control for themselves within the Chagatai Khanate at first. The Ogedeids also allied with the Golden Horde
against the Yuan Khagan Kublai Khan
(son of Tolui), who was allied with his brother Hulagu, leader of the Ilkhanate
in Persia. The Ogedeids attempted to unite the Mongol Empire under their own rule, and Ogedeid princes continued to march against the Yuan Dynasty
well into the 14th century.
In 1310, Kaidu
's successor Chapar Khan surrendered to the Yuan emperor Ayurbarwada, ending the disunity among khanates that had lasted for a few decades, after he and his relatives failed to win the Chagatai Khanate. After that, members from this family often appeared as influential contenders or puppet rulers under powerful amirs and noyan
s in Mongolia
and Transoxiana
in the 14th and 15th centuries.
Borjigin
Borjigin , also known as the Altan urug , were the imperial clan of Genghis Khan and his successors....
(Imperial, or Golden Family) from the 12th to 14th centuries. They were descended from Ogedei Khan
Ögedei Khan
Ögedei Khan, born Ögedei was the third son of Genghis Khan and second Great Khan of the Mongol Empire by succeeding his father...
(1186-1241), a son of Genghis Khan
Genghis Khan
Genghis Khan , born Temujin and occasionally known by his temple name Taizu , was the founder and Great Khan of the Mongol Empire, which became the largest contiguous empire in history after his death....
who had become his father's successor, second Great Khan of the Mongol Empire. Ogedei continued the expansion of the Mongol Empire. When, after the Toluid Mongke Khan
Möngke Khan
Möngke Khan , born Möngke, , was the fourth Great Khan of the Mongol Empire from July 1, 1251 – August 11, 1259. He was the first Great Khan from the Toluid line, and made significant reforms to improve the administration of the Empire during his reign...
's death, the Mongol Empire disintegrated into civil war, the members of the House of Ogedei were influential players in the politics of the region. Of Genghis's sons, Ogedei, Jochi
Jochi
Jochi was the eldest of the Mongol chieftain Genghis Khan's four sons by his principal wife Börte. An accomplished military leader, he participated in his father's conquest of Central Asia, along with his brothers and uncles.-Early life:...
, Chagatai
Chagatai Khan
Chagatai Khan was the second son of Genghis Khan and first khan and origin of the names of the Chagatai Khanate, Chagatai language and Chagatai Turks....
, and Tolui
Tolui
Tolui, was the youngest son of Genghis Khan by his chief khatun Börte...
, the House of Ogedei tended to ally with the Chagataids (descendants of Chagatai) against the House of Jochi, while seeking control for themselves within the Chagatai Khanate at first. The Ogedeids also allied with the Golden Horde
Golden Horde
The Golden Horde was a Mongol and later Turkicized khanate that formed the north-western sector of the Mongol Empire...
against the Yuan Khagan Kublai Khan
Kublai Khan
Kublai Khan , born Kublai and also known by the temple name Shizu , was the fifth Great Khan of the Mongol Empire from 1260 to 1294 and the founder of the Yuan Dynasty in China...
(son of Tolui), who was allied with his brother Hulagu, leader of the Ilkhanate
Ilkhanate
The Ilkhanate, also spelled Il-khanate , was a Mongol khanate established in Azerbaijan and Persia in the 13th century, considered a part of the Mongol Empire...
in Persia. The Ogedeids attempted to unite the Mongol Empire under their own rule, and Ogedeid princes continued to march against the Yuan Dynasty
Yuan Dynasty
The Yuan Dynasty , or Great Yuan Empire was a ruling dynasty founded by the Mongol leader Kublai Khan, who ruled most of present-day China, all of modern Mongolia and its surrounding areas, lasting officially from 1271 to 1368. It is considered both as a division of the Mongol Empire and as an...
well into the 14th century.
In 1310, Kaidu
Kaidu
Kaidu was the leader of the House of Ogedei and the de facto khan of the Chagatai Khanate. He ruled part of modern-day Xinjiang and Central Asia during the 13th century, and actively opposed his uncle, Kublai Khan, who established the Yuan Dynasty in China until his death in 1301...
's successor Chapar Khan surrendered to the Yuan emperor Ayurbarwada, ending the disunity among khanates that had lasted for a few decades, after he and his relatives failed to win the Chagatai Khanate. After that, members from this family often appeared as influential contenders or puppet rulers under powerful amirs and noyan
Noyan
Noyan, noyon was a title of authority in the Mongol Empire and later periods...
s in Mongolia
Post-imperial Mongolia
The Northern Yuan Dynasty refers to the remnants of the Yuan Dynasty which continued to rule Mongolia after the expulsion of the Mongol court from China in 1368, until the emergence of the Qing Dynasty in the 17th century. The period was marked by factional struggles and the often only nominal...
and Transoxiana
Transoxiana
Transoxiana is the ancient name used for the portion of Central Asia corresponding approximately with modern-day Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, southern Kyrgystan and southwest Kazakhstan. Geographically, it is the region between the Amu Darya and Syr Darya rivers...
in the 14th and 15th centuries.
Notable members
- Ogedei KhanÖgedei KhanÖgedei Khan, born Ögedei was the third son of Genghis Khan and second Great Khan of the Mongol Empire by succeeding his father...
(1186–1241), son of Genghis Khan, and second great Khan of the Mongol EmpireMongol EmpireThe Mongol Empire , initially named as Greater Mongol State was a great empire during the 13th and 14th centuries... - Güyük KhanGüyük KhanGüyük was the third Great Khan of the Mongol Empire. As the eldest son of Ögedei Khan and a grandson of Genghis Khan, he reigned from 1246 to 1248...
(1206–1248), son of Ogedei, and third great Khan of the Mongol Empire - KadanKadanKadaň , is a city in the Ústí nad Labem Region of the Czech Republic.The city lies on the banks of the river Ohře. Although it is situated in an industrial part of the Czech Republic there is no major industry within the city and people usually work in offices or have to commute. There are two...
, son of Ogedei, and co-leader of the Mongol force that attacked Poland in the 13th century - Prince KaiduKaiduKaidu was the leader of the House of Ogedei and the de facto khan of the Chagatai Khanate. He ruled part of modern-day Xinjiang and Central Asia during the 13th century, and actively opposed his uncle, Kublai Khan, who established the Yuan Dynasty in China until his death in 1301...
(1230–1301), grandson of Ogedei, leader of the House of Ogedei, and de facto khan of the Chagatai KhanateChagatai KhanateThe Chagatai Khanate was a Turko-Mongol khanate that comprised the lands ruled by Chagatai Khan , second son of the Great Khan Genghis Khan, and his descendents and successors... - KhutulunKhutulunKhutulun , also known as Aiyurug or Khotol Tsagaan, was the most famous daughter of Kaidu and the niece of Kublai Khan. Her father was most pleased by her abilities, and she accompanied him on military campaigns. Marco Polo and Rashid al-Din both wrote of her.Khutulun was born about 1260...
(c.1260–1306), Kaidu's daughter and warrior princess who inspired the story of TurandotTurandotTurandot is an opera in three acts by Giacomo Puccini, set to a libretto in Italian by Giuseppe Adami and Renato Simoni.Though Puccini's first interest in the subject was based on his reading of Friedrich Schiller's adaptation of the play, his work is most nearly based on the earlier text Turandot... - 'Ali-Sultan'Ali-SultanAli Khalil, also known as Ali-Sultan , was the khan of the Chagatai Khanate. He was a descendant of Qadan, son of the second Great Khan Ogedei....
, the Muslim Khan of the Chagatai Khanate, (r.1342/1343). - DanishmendjiDanishmendjiDanishmendji was khan of the Chagatai Khanate from 1346 to 1348. He was the second khan of the Chagatai ulus to be descended from Ögedei....
(d. 1348), khan of the Chagatai Khanate from 1346 to 1348 - Soyurghatmïsh Khan (d. 1384), khan of the Western Chagatai Khanate
- Sultan Mahmud (Chagatai)Sultan Mahmud (Chagatai)Sultan Mahmud Khan was Khan of the Western Chagatai Khanate . He was the son of Suurgatmish.Upon his father's death in 1384, Sultan Mahmud was made khan by Timur. Like Suurgatmish, Sultan Mahmud was completely powerless, and served as a puppet for Timur. Coins in his name were produced by Timur...
(d. 1402), khan of the Western Chagatai Khanate - Örüg Temür KhanÖrüg Temür KhanÖrüg Temür or Gulichi was a Mongol leader who temporarily throned himself Khan of the Mongols in the early 15th century. He might be the same person, Ugechi Khashikha who appeared in Mongolian history. Khashikha means prince or duke in Tungusic languages...
, Khan claimant of Northern Yuan Dynasty in Mongolia from 1402-1408. - Adai KhanAdai KhanAdai was the Mongol Khan of the Northern Yuan Dynasty in Mongolia. After the prominent eastern Mongolian chancellor, Arughtai, threw his allegiance to him, he briefly reunited most of the Mongols under his banner.- Lineage and early life :...
, Khan of the Forty and the Four tumens and ruler of the TümedTümedThe Tümed are a Mongol subgroup. Most engage in sedentary agriculture, living in mixed communities in the suburbs of Huhhot. Part of them live along Hulun Buir, Inner Mongolia...
from 1425 - 1438.