Hortensio Quijano
Encyclopedia
Dr. Juan Hortensio Quijano (orˈtensjo kiˈxano; June 10, 1884 - April 3, 1952) was the Vice President of Argentina
under President Juan Perón
from 1946 until his 1952 death in Buenos Aires
.
Quijano was born in Corrientes Province
in 1884, and enrolled at the University of Buenos Aires
, where he graduated in 1908 and received a juris doctor
in 1919. He became a prominent Corrientes Province supporter of the leader of the reformist UCR
, Hipólito Yrigoyen
, at a time when local politics were dominated by the Autonomist
and Liberal
parties. His 1918 UCR candidacy for the Corrientes governorship was defeated, and he joined the legal department of the Banco de la Nación Argentina
(the country's largest bank).
Quijano broke with Yrigoyen's wing of the UCR and joined the opposition "Anti-Personalist" UCR. He left a thriving law practice in Corrientes in 1920 to invest in a logging
venture in neighboring Chaco Province
, and was named head of the Rural Society of Resistencia
(Chaco), in 1936. He also parlayed his returns into the establishment of the Banco Popular.
The coup d'état of 1943 led to the advent of a populist leader, Col. Juan Perón
, whose labor law reform platform Quijano and others in the UCR supported. This support helped lead to Quijano's August 4, 1945 appointment as Interior Minister, a powerful position in Argentina at the time for its oversight of law enforcement. Perón's success in an October 17 power struggle led to Quijano's establishment of the "Renewal Group," a faction of the UCR endorsing Perón for the upcoming February 1946 elections
. These efforts earned Quijano Perón's invitation as his running mate on the Labor Party ticket, which was comfortably elected.
As Vice President, Quijano earned plaudits for his negotiations with neighboring Brazil
, resulting in a temporary reintroduction of the ABC Pact that had included the two nations and Chile
, earlier in the 20th century. Failing health, however, had forced Quijano to request his exclusion from the 1951 Perón ticket
. His prospective replacement, First Lady Eva Perón
, was in similarly poor health and, after she pleaded with him personally, he reluctantly agreed to join the Peronist ticket. Elected overwhelmingly in November 1951, Quijano died in early April, before being re-inaugurated. At the inauguration two months later, Evita, who had been given the title Spiritual Chief of the Argentine Nation
but was herself soon to die as well, took his place.
In the 1996 film Evita
, he was played by Brian Cobby
.
Argentina
Argentina , officially the Argentine Republic , is the second largest country in South America by land area, after Brazil. It is constituted as a federation of 23 provinces and an autonomous city, Buenos Aires...
under President Juan Perón
Juan Perón
Juan Domingo Perón was an Argentine military officer, and politician. Perón was three times elected as President of Argentina though he only managed to serve one full term, after serving in several government positions, including the Secretary of Labor and the Vice Presidency...
from 1946 until his 1952 death in Buenos Aires
Buenos Aires
Buenos Aires is the capital and largest city of Argentina, and the second-largest metropolitan area in South America, after São Paulo. It is located on the western shore of the estuary of the Río de la Plata, on the southeastern coast of the South American continent...
.
Quijano was born in Corrientes Province
Corrientes Province
Corrientes is a province in northeast Argentina, in the Mesopotamia region. It is surrounded by : Paraguay, the province of Misiones, Brazil, Uruguay, and the provinces of Entre Rios, Santa Fe and Chaco.-History:...
in 1884, and enrolled at the University of Buenos Aires
University of Buenos Aires
The University of Buenos Aires is the largest university in Argentina and the largest university by enrollment in Latin America. Founded on August 12, 1821 in the city of Buenos Aires, it consists of 13 faculties, 6 hospitals, 10 museums and is linked to 4 high schools: Colegio Nacional de Buenos...
, where he graduated in 1908 and received a juris doctor
Juris Doctor
Juris Doctor is a professional doctorate and first professional graduate degree in law.The degree was first awarded by Harvard University in the United States in the late 19th century and was created as a modern version of the old European doctor of law degree Juris Doctor (see etymology and...
in 1919. He became a prominent Corrientes Province supporter of the leader of the reformist UCR
UCR
UCR may refer to:* University of California, Riverside* Unified Cornish Revised, a variety of the Cornish language* Uniform Crime Reports* Under color removal* University of Costa Rica* Unión Cívica Radical, an Argentine political party...
, Hipólito Yrigoyen
Hipólito Yrigoyen
Juan Hipólito del Sagrado Corazón de Jesús Irigoyen Alem was twice President of Argentina . His activism became the prime impetus behind the obtainment of universal suffrage in Argentina in 1912...
, at a time when local politics were dominated by the Autonomist
Autonomist Party of Corrientes
The Autonomist Party of Corrientes is a provincial political party in Argentina, Corrientes Province....
and Liberal
Liberal Party of Corrientes
The Liberal Party of Corrientes is a liberal conservative provincial political party in Corrientes Province, Argentina. Founded in 1856, it is the oldest political party in Argentina and in Latin America, the second oldest in the Americas....
parties. His 1918 UCR candidacy for the Corrientes governorship was defeated, and he joined the legal department of the Banco de la Nación Argentina
Banco de la Nación Argentina
Banco de la Nación Argentina is a state-owned bank in Argentina, and the largest in the country's banking sector.-Overview:The bank was founded on October 18, 1891, by President Carlos Pellegrini by way of stabilizing the nation's finances following the Panic of 1890; its first director was...
(the country's largest bank).
Quijano broke with Yrigoyen's wing of the UCR and joined the opposition "Anti-Personalist" UCR. He left a thriving law practice in Corrientes in 1920 to invest in a logging
Logging
Logging is the cutting, skidding, on-site processing, and loading of trees or logs onto trucks.In forestry, the term logging is sometimes used in a narrow sense concerning the logistics of moving wood from the stump to somewhere outside the forest, usually a sawmill or a lumber yard...
venture in neighboring Chaco Province
Chaco Province
Chaco is an Argentine province located in the north of the country, near the border with Paraguay. Its capital is Resistencia on the Paraná River opposite the city of Corrientes...
, and was named head of the Rural Society of Resistencia
Resistencia
Resistencia may refer to:* Resistencia, Chaco, a city in Argentina* Resistencia International Airport , an airport in Chaco Province, Argentina* Resistencia Civil, Civil resistance* La Resistencia, a 1972 Argentine film...
(Chaco), in 1936. He also parlayed his returns into the establishment of the Banco Popular.
The coup d'état of 1943 led to the advent of a populist leader, Col. Juan Perón
Juan Perón
Juan Domingo Perón was an Argentine military officer, and politician. Perón was three times elected as President of Argentina though he only managed to serve one full term, after serving in several government positions, including the Secretary of Labor and the Vice Presidency...
, whose labor law reform platform Quijano and others in the UCR supported. This support helped lead to Quijano's August 4, 1945 appointment as Interior Minister, a powerful position in Argentina at the time for its oversight of law enforcement. Perón's success in an October 17 power struggle led to Quijano's establishment of the "Renewal Group," a faction of the UCR endorsing Perón for the upcoming February 1946 elections
Argentine general election, 1946
The Argentine general election of 1946, the last for which only men were enfranchised, was held on 24 February. Voters chose both the President and their legislators and with a turnout of 83.4%, it produced the following results:-President:aAbstentions....
. These efforts earned Quijano Perón's invitation as his running mate on the Labor Party ticket, which was comfortably elected.
As Vice President, Quijano earned plaudits for his negotiations with neighboring Brazil
Brazil
Brazil , officially the Federative Republic of Brazil , is the largest country in South America. It is the world's fifth largest country, both by geographical area and by population with over 192 million people...
, resulting in a temporary reintroduction of the ABC Pact that had included the two nations and Chile
Chile
Chile ,officially the Republic of Chile , is a country in South America occupying a long, narrow coastal strip between the Andes mountains to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the west. It borders Peru to the north, Bolivia to the northeast, Argentina to the east, and the Drake Passage in the far...
, earlier in the 20th century. Failing health, however, had forced Quijano to request his exclusion from the 1951 Perón ticket
Argentine general election, 1951
The Argentine general election of 1951, the first to have enfranchised women at the national level, was held on 11 November. Voters chose both the President and their legislators and with a turnout of 88.0%, it produced the following results:-President:...
. His prospective replacement, First Lady Eva Perón
Eva Perón
María Eva Duarte de Perón was the second wife of President Juan Perón and served as the First Lady of Argentina from 1946 until her death in 1952. She is often referred to as simply Eva Perón, or by the affectionate Spanish language diminutive Evita.She was born in the village of Los Toldos in...
, was in similarly poor health and, after she pleaded with him personally, he reluctantly agreed to join the Peronist ticket. Elected overwhelmingly in November 1951, Quijano died in early April, before being re-inaugurated. At the inauguration two months later, Evita, who had been given the title Spiritual Chief of the Argentine Nation
Spiritual Leader of the Nation of Argentina
Spiritual Leader of the Nation was a position created by the Argentine Congress in the early 1950s and only ever held by Eva Perón . Eva Perón was elected Spiritual Leader/Chief of the Nation on May 7, 1952 and died on July 26 of that year...
but was herself soon to die as well, took his place.
In the 1996 film Evita
Evita (film)
Evita is the 1996 film adaptation of Tim Rice and Andrew Lloyd Webber's musical of the same name based on the life of Eva Perón. It was directed by Alan Parker and written by Parker and Oliver Stone. It starred Madonna, Antonio Banderas, and Jonathan Pryce...
, he was played by Brian Cobby
Brian Cobby
Brian Cobby , is a British actor and telephone exchange worker who in 1985 became the first male voice of the British speaking clock.In 2004, Cobby guest-starred in the Doctor Who audio drama The Creed of the Kromon....
.