Homer, Alaska
Encyclopedia
Homer is a city located in Kenai Peninsula Borough
Kenai Peninsula Borough, Alaska
-National protected areas:* Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge ** Chiswell Islands** Tuxedni Wilderness* Chugach National Forest * Katmai National Park and Preserve ** Katmai Wilderness...

 in the U.S. state
U.S. state
A U.S. state is any one of the 50 federated states of the United States of America that share sovereignty with the federal government. Because of this shared sovereignty, an American is a citizen both of the federal entity and of his or her state of domicile. Four states use the official title of...

 of Alaska
Alaska
Alaska is the largest state in the United States by area. It is situated in the northwest extremity of the North American continent, with Canada to the east, the Arctic Ocean to the north, and the Pacific Ocean to the west and south, with Russia further west across the Bering Strait...

. According to 2005 Census Bureau estimates, the population was 5,364. One of Homer's nicknames is "the cosmic hamlet by the sea"; another is "the end of the road". A popular local bumper sticker
Bumper sticker
A bumper sticker is an adhesive label or sticker with a message, intended to be attached to the bumper of an automobile and to be read by the occupants of other vehicles - although they are often stuck onto other objects...

  characterizes the town as "Homer - A quaint little drinking village with a fishing problem."

Geography

Homer is located at 59°38'35" North, 151°31'33" West (59.643059, -151.525900).

Homer is on the shore of Kachemak Bay
Kachemak Bay
Kachemak Bay is a 64-km-long arm of Cook Inlet in the U.S. state of Alaska, located on the southwest side of the Kenai Peninsula. The communities of Homer, Halibut Cove, Seldovia, Nanwalek, Port Graham, and Kachemak City are on the bay as well as three Old Believer settlements in the Fox River...

 on the southwest side of the Kenai Peninsula
Kenai Peninsula
The Kenai Peninsula is a large peninsula jutting from the southern coast of Alaska in the United States. The name Kenai is probably derived from Kenayskaya, the Russian name for Cook Inlet, which borders the peninsula to the west.-Geography:...

. Its most distinguishing feature is the Homer Spit
Homer Spit
The Homer Spit is a geographical landmark located in Homer, Alaska on the southern tip of the Kenai Peninsula. The spit is a long piece of land jutting out into Kachemak Bay. The spit is also home to the Homer Boat Harbor. The harbor contains both deep and shallow water docks and serves up to...

, a narrow 4.5 mile (7 km) long gravel bar
Spit (landform)
A spit or sandspit is a deposition landform found off coasts. At one end, spits connect to land, and extend into the sea. A spit is a type of bar or beach that develops where a re-entrant occurs, such as at cove's headlands, by the process of longshore drift...

 that extends into the bay, on which is located the Homer Harbor.

Much of the coastline as well as the Homer Spit sank dramatically during the Good Friday Earthquake
Good Friday Earthquake
The 1964 Alaska earthquake, also known as the Great Alaskan Earthquake, the Portage Earthquake and the Good Friday Earthquake, was a megathrust earthquake that began at 5:36 P.M. AST on Good Friday, March 27, 1964...

 in March 1964. After the earthquake, very little vegetation was able to survive on the Homer Spit.

According to the United States Census Bureau
United States Census Bureau
The United States Census Bureau is the government agency that is responsible for the United States Census. It also gathers other national demographic and economic data...

, the town has a total area of 22.4 square miles (58 km²), of which, 10.6 square miles (27.5 km²) is land and 11.9 square miles (30.8 km²) is water. The total area is 52.83% water.

History

Tiller digs indicate that early Alutiiq
Alutiiq
The Alutiiq , also called Pacific Yupik or Sugpiaq, are a southern coastal people of the Native peoples of Alaska. Their language is called Sugstun, and it is one of Eskimo languages, belonging to the Yup’ik branch of these languages. They are not to be confused with the Aleuts, who live further...

 people probably camped in the Homer area although their villages were on the far side of Kachemak Bay.

Coal
Coal
Coal is a combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock usually occurring in rock strata in layers or veins called coal beds or coal seams. The harder forms, such as anthracite coal, can be regarded as metamorphic rock because of later exposure to elevated temperature and pressure...

 was discovered in the area in the 1890s. The Cook Inlet Coal Fields Company built a town, dock, coal mine, and a railroad at Homer. Coal mining in the area continued until World War II
World War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...

. There are an estimated 400 million tons of coal deposits still in the area.

Homer was named for Homer Pennock, a gold mining company promoter, who arrived in 1896 on the Homer Spit
Spit (landform)
A spit or sandspit is a deposition landform found off coasts. At one end, spits connect to land, and extend into the sea. A spit is a type of bar or beach that develops where a re-entrant occurs, such as at cove's headlands, by the process of longshore drift...

 and built living quarters for his crew of 50 men. However, gold mining was never profitable in the area.

Homer has long been known as the "halibut
Halibut
Halibut is a flatfish, genus Hippoglossus, from the family of the right-eye flounders . Other flatfish are also called halibut. The name is derived from haly and butt , for its popularity on Catholic holy days...

 fishing capital of the world" and halibut and salmon sport fishing, along with other tourism, commercial fishing, and logging are the dominant industries in the Homer area. Homer co-hosted the 2006 Arctic Winter Games
Arctic Winter Games
The Arctic Winter Games is an international biennial celebration of circumpolar sports and culture.-Background:The Arctic Winter Games were founded in 1969 under the leadership of Governor Walter J. Hickel of Alaska, Stuart M. Hodgson, Commissioner of the Northwest Territories, and Yukon...

. The Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge
Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge
The Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge is a United States National Wildlife Refuge comprising 2,400 islands, headlands, rocks, islets, spires and reefs in Alaska, with a total area of , of which is wilderness)...

 and the Kachemak Bay Research Reserve co-host a visitor center with interpretive displays known as the "Alaska Islands and Ocean Visitor Center", and there is a cultural and historical museum called "The Pratt Museum
Pratt Museum
The Pratt Museum is a local museum in Homer, Alaska concerning Kachemak Bay in Southcentral Alaska. The museum's motto is "art, science, and culture of Kachemak Bay." The museum focuses on subjects like early homesteading, Native Alaskan traditions, local contemporary art, and an exploration of the...

".

Demographics

As of 2004, there were 3,726 people, 1,523 households, and 955 families residing in town. The population density
Population density
Population density is a measurement of population per unit area or unit volume. It is frequently applied to living organisms, and particularly to humans...

 is 372.9 /sqmi. There are 1,873 housing units at an average density of 177.0 per square mile (68.4/km²). The racial makeup of the town is 88% White, 2.33% Black or African American, 4.88% Native American, 2% Asian, 1.19% Pacific Islander, 0.73% from other races, and 3.14% from two or more races. 2.41% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There are 1,523 households out of which 31.6% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.3% are married couples
Marriage
Marriage is a social union or legal contract between people that creates kinship. It is an institution in which interpersonal relationships, usually intimate and sexual, are acknowledged in a variety of ways, depending on the culture or subculture in which it is found...

 living together, 9.8% have a female householder with no husband present, and 36.9% are non-families. 29.7 % of all households are made up of individuals and 6.1% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.40 and the average family size is 2.99.

In town the population is spread out with 27.6% under the age of 18, 7.2% from 18 to 24, 26.9% from 25 to 44, 28.2% from 45 to 64, and 10.1% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 39 years. For every 100 females there are 97.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 98.7 males.

The median income for a household in town is $42,821, and the median income for a family is $53,571. Males have a median income of $38,063 versus $30,494 for females. The per capita income
Per capita income
Per capita income or income per person is a measure of mean income within an economic aggregate, such as a country or city. It is calculated by taking a measure of all sources of income in the aggregate and dividing it by the total population...

 for the town is $21,823. 9.3% of the population and 7.7% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total population, 11.6% of those under the age of 18 and 6.8% of those 65 and older are living below the poverty line.
Population of Homer
Year Population
1960 900
1970 1,100
1980 2,200
1990 3,700

Education

The Kenai Peninsula Borough School District
Kenai Peninsula Borough School District
The Kenai Peninsula Borough School District serves 21 communities and 9,400 students in the Kenai Peninsula Borough. KPBSD is the largest employer on the Kenai Peninsula providing $4.9 million in gross payroll each month.- Schools :...

 provides primary and secondary education to the community of Homer. These schools are:
  • Homer High School
    Homer High School (Alaska)
    Homer High School is located in Homer, Alaska at 600 E Fairview Ave. It is part of the Kenai Peninsula Borough School District. The school's mascot is a Mariner, usually represented by a wheel or sometimes an anchor.- Ethnicity :...

     (9-12)
  • Homer Flex High School (9-12)
  • Homer Middle School (7-8)
  • West Homer Elementary (3-6)
  • Paul Banks Elementary (K-2)
  • McNeil Canyon Elementary (K-6)
  • Fireweed Academy (3-6)


The Kachemak Bay Campus
Kachemak Bay Campus
Kachemak Bay Campus is a campus of Kenai Peninsula College, which is a unit of the University of Alaska Anchorage. Located in Homer, KBC has a student population of about 500 . The college was formerly divided into two campuses, referred to as east and west campuses respectively...

 of Kenai Peninsula College
Kenai Peninsula College
Kenai Peninsula College is a unit of the University of Alaska Anchorage, and is one of four community campuses. The student body comprises almost 2,000 students at 4 locations.-Locations:...

 provides post-secondary education, as well as ESL
English language learning and teaching
English as a second language , English for speakers of other languages and English as a foreign language all refer to the use or study of English by speakers with different native languages. The precise usage, including the different use of the terms ESL and ESOL in different countries, is...

 and GED
GED
General Educational Development tests are a group of five subject tests which, when passed, certify that the taker has American or Canadian high school-level academic skills...

 training to the community of Homer.

The Homer Public Library
Homer Public Library
The Homer Public Library is located at 500 Hazel Avenue in Homer, Alaska, and has five full-time and three part-time staff. It opened the doors of its new building to the public September 16, 2006...

 has enthusiastic support from the Friends of the Homer Library, established in 1948, which raised funds and support for a new library building, opened on September 16, 2006.

Media

Homer has two newspapers, the Homer Tribune
Homer Tribune
The Homer Tribune is a weekly newspaper published every Wednesday in Homer, Alaska. It has been independently owned and operated since 1991 ....

, an independent weekly paper established in 1991, and the Homer News
Homer News
The Homer News is a weekly newspaper published in Homer, Alaska since 1964.The newspaper began circulation in January 1964. Founders Hal and MarionThorn had moved a few years earlier to Homer, where Hal's parents were...

, a weekly founded in 1964 and bought in 2000 by Morris Communications
Morris Communications
Morris Communications of Augusta, Georgia is a privately held media company with diversified holdings that include newspaper and magazine publishing, outdoor advertising, radio broadcasting, book publishing and distribution, visitor publications and online services. Newspapers are the foundation...

.

Homer has a number of radio stations including commercial stations KWVV-FM
KWVV-FM
KWVV-FM is a commercial adult album alternative music radio station in Homer, Alaska. KWVV-FM produces its programming in-house.-Repeaters:*K291BH in Kenai, Alaska, broadcasting on 106.1 FM....

 at 103.5 FM, KMJG
KMJG
KMJG is a non-commercial radio station in Homer, Alaska, broadcasting on 88.9 FM. KMJG is a simulcast of KWJG....

 at 88.9 FM, KGTL
KGTL
KGTL is a radio station licensed to serve Homer, Alaska. The station is owned by Peninsula Communications, Inc. It airs an Adult Standards music format....

 at 620 AM, and public radio KBBI
KBBI
KBBI , is a National Public Radio member radio station in Homer, Alaska.-External links:*...

 at 890 AM.

Homer receives 7 analog television stations: Because the stations are rebroadcast into Homer using repeater
Repeater
A repeater is an electronic device that receives asignal and retransmits it at a higher level and/or higher power, or onto the other side of an obstruction, so that the signal can cover longer distances.-Description:...

s, their channel numbers are not the same in Homer and they were not required to participate in the transition to digital television.
  • KTUU-TV Channel 2 - NBC
    NBC
    The National Broadcasting Company is an American commercial broadcasting television network and former radio network headquartered in the GE Building in New York City's Rockefeller Center with additional major offices near Los Angeles and in Chicago...

  • KTBY
    KTBY
    KTBY, Fox 4, is a Fox affiliated television station serving Anchorage, Alaska. The station is owned by Coastal Television Broadcasting Company, LLC....

     Channel 4 - Fox
    Fox Broadcasting Company
    Fox Broadcasting Company, commonly referred to as Fox Network or simply Fox , is an American commercial broadcasting television network owned by Fox Entertainment Group, part of Rupert Murdoch's News Corporation. Launched on October 9, 1986, Fox was the highest-rated broadcast network in the...

  • KAKM
    KAKM
    KAKM is a Public television station in Anchorage, Alaska, broadcasting locally on digital channel 8 as a PBS member station. The station is owned by Alaska Public Telecommunications, Inc., and is the only PBS station in Alaska that is not part of AlaskaOne. Its program is transmitted from Knik TV...

     Channel 7 - PBS
    Public Broadcasting Service
    The Public Broadcasting Service is an American non-profit public broadcasting television network with 354 member TV stations in the United States which hold collective ownership. Its headquarters is in Arlington, Virginia....

  • KYES Channel 9 - MyNetworkTV
    MyNetworkTV
    MyNetworkTV is a television broadcast syndication service in the United States, owned by the Fox Entertainment Group, a division of News Corporation...

  • KTVA
    KTVA
    KTVA, channel 11, is a station in Anchorage, Alaska. The station is the only television station owned by the MediaNews Group newspaper chain until a reorganization plan forced MediaNews to move the station to Affiliated Media, a holding company....

     Channel 11 - CBS
    CBS
    CBS Broadcasting Inc. is a major US commercial broadcasting television network, which started as a radio network. The name is derived from the initials of the network's former name, Columbia Broadcasting System. The network is sometimes referred to as the "Eye Network" in reference to the shape of...

  • KYUR Channel 13 - ABC
    American Broadcasting Company
    The American Broadcasting Company is an American commercial broadcasting television network. Created in 1943 from the former NBC Blue radio network, ABC is owned by The Walt Disney Company and is part of Disney-ABC Television Group. Its first broadcast on television was in 1948...


Transportation

Homer is the Southernmost town on the contiguous Alaska highway system. It is also part of the Alaska Marine Highway (the Alaskan ferry
Ferry
A ferry is a form of transportation, usually a boat, but sometimes a ship, used to carry primarily passengers, and sometimes vehicles and cargo as well, across a body of water. Most ferries operate on regular, frequent, return services...

 system). The regional airport
Homer Airport
Homer Airport is a state-owned public-use airport located two nautical miles east of the central business district of Homer, a town in the Kenai Peninsula Borough of the U.S. state of Alaska.- Facilities and aircraft :...

 lies near the coast as well, with two local air taxis and scheduled flights to Kenai and Anchorage. Homer erected its first traffic light
Traffic light
Traffic lights, which may also be known as stoplights, traffic lamps, traffic signals, signal lights, robots or semaphore, are signalling devices positioned at road intersections, pedestrian crossings and other locations to control competing flows of traffic...

 in 2005.


Climate

Notable people from Homer

Notable people from or living in Homer include:
  • Tom Bodett
    Tom Bodett
    Thomas Edward "Tom" Bodett is an American author, voice actor and radio host. He is also the current spokesman for the hotel chain Motel 6, whose commercials end with the phrase, "I'm Tom Bodett for Motel 6, and we'll leave the light on for ya."-Career:...

    , writer. Bodett is known for the Motel 6
    Motel 6
    Motel 6 is a major chain of budget motels with more than 1,000 locations in the United States and Canada, and is the largest owned and operated hotel chain in North America. It is owned and operated by Accor Hotels.-History:...

     "We'll leave the light on for you" advertisements, and the whimsical book about Homer, As Far as You Can go Without a Passport.
  • Lincoln Brewster
    Lincoln Brewster
    Lincoln Brewster is a contemporary Christian musician and pastor. As a guitarist, singer, and songwriter, Brewster became a sought-after session guitarist in the early 90s. Brewster is the senior worship pastor at Bayside Church in Roseville, California.-Biography:Brewster has been musically...

    , Christian
    Christian
    A Christian is a person who adheres to Christianity, an Abrahamic, monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth as recorded in the Canonical gospels and the letters of the New Testament...

     Worship musician
  • Andy and John Hillstrand, captains of the F/V Time Bandit
    FV Time Bandit
    The F/V Time Bandit is a commercial crab fishing vessel co-captained by brothers Johnathan and Andy Hillstrand. It is featured on the Discovery Channel series Deadliest Catch. The Time Bandit is a 113-foot house aft boat owned by the Hillstrand brothers that was designed by the Hillstrands' father...

    crab boat on the television series Deadliest Catch
    Deadliest Catch
    Deadliest Catch is a documentary/reality television series produced by Original Productions for the Discovery Channel. It portrays the real life events aboard fishing vessels in the Bering Sea during the Alaskan king crab and C. opilio crab fishing seasons.The Aleutian Islands port of Dutch Harbor,...

    , and Russell Newberry, who was a deckhand on several boats on the program.
  • Jewel
    Jewel (singer)
    Jewel Kilcher , professionally known as Jewel, is an American singer-songwriter, guitarist, producer, actress and poet...

    , singer/songwriter.
  • Yule F. Kilcher (Jewel's grandfather), emigrated from Switzerland
    Switzerland
    Switzerland name of one of the Swiss cantons. ; ; ; or ), in its full name the Swiss Confederation , is a federal republic consisting of 26 cantons, with Bern as the seat of the federal authorities. The country is situated in Western Europe,Or Central Europe depending on the definition....

     in the 1930s, hoping to start a colony in Homer of Swiss refugees from World War II
    World War II
    World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...

    . He was a delegate to Alaska's constitutional convention
    Alaska Constitution
    The Constitution of the State of Alaska is the constitution of the U.S. state of Alaska. It was ratified in 1956 and took effect with Alaska's admission as a state on January 3, 1959.-The statehood movement:...

     and served one term in the Alaska Senate
    Alaska Senate
    The Alaska Senate is the upper house in the Alaska Legislature, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Alaska. The Senate consists of twenty members, each of whom represents an equal amount of districts with populations of about 31,347 people . Senators serve four-year terms, without term...

     from 1963 to 1967.
  • Jean Keene
    Jean Keene
    Jean Keene , also known as the Eagle Lady, was a former rodeo trick rider who became the subject of national attention due to her feeding of wild bald eagles on the Homer Spit in Homer, Alaska. Although she had many supporters for the feedings, she was also criticized for drawing a large population...

     (died January 2009), the "Eagle Lady" of Homer, known for her decades-long history of feeding bald eagle
    Bald Eagle
    The Bald Eagle is a bird of prey found in North America. It is the national bird and symbol of the United States of America. This sea eagle has two known sub-species and forms a species pair with the White-tailed Eagle...

    s on Homer Spit
    Homer Spit
    The Homer Spit is a geographical landmark located in Homer, Alaska on the southern tip of the Kenai Peninsula. The spit is a long piece of land jutting out into Kachemak Bay. The spit is also home to the Homer Boat Harbor. The harbor contains both deep and shallow water docks and serves up to...

    .
  • Larry Martin
    Larry Martin
    Larry Martin is an American vertebrate paleontologist and curator of the Natural History Museum and Biodiversity Research Center at the University of Kansas. Among Martin's work is research on the Triassic reptile Longisquama and theropod dinosaur Caudipteryx...

    , competitor in cross-country skiing
    Cross-country skiing
    Cross-country skiing is a winter sport in which participants propel themselves across snow-covered terrain using skis and poles...

     at the 1972 Olympic games in Sapporo, Japan. He spends his retirement from competition teaching others to ski.
  • Brother Asaiah Bates was a fixture in Homer for many years for his pacifist views. He donated the site of his business to create the WKFL Peace Park.
  • Andre Marrou
    Andre Marrou
    Andre Verne Marrou is an American political figure, affiliated with the Libertarian Party.Born in Nixon, Texas, he graduated from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1962...

     was a resident of Homer when he was elected as a Libertarian
    Libertarian Party (United States)
    The Libertarian Party is the third largest and fastest growing political party in the United States. The political platform of the Libertarian Party reflects its brand of libertarianism, favoring minimally regulated, laissez-faire markets, strong civil liberties, minimally regulated migration...

     to the Alaska House of Representatives
    Alaska House of Representatives
    The Alaska House of Representatives is the lower house in the Alaska Legislature, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Alaska. The House is composed of 40 members, each of whom represents a district of about 15,673 people . Members serve two-year terms without term limits...

     in 1984.
  • Shannyn Moore
    Shannyn Moore
    Shannyn Moore is an American political blogger based in Alaska. Moore is a writer for The Huffington Post and has been a prominent critic of former Alaska governor Sarah Palin. She has appeared on such television shows as The Rachel Maddow Show and Countdown with Keith Olbermann...

    , political writer based in Alaska.
  • Ambrose Olsen
    Ambrose Olsen
    Ambrose Olsen was an American male fashion model known for starring in dozens of ad campaigns for Armani and Hugo Boss.-Early:...

    , a supermodel (1985–2010)

See also

  • Mile 17 fire
    Mile 17 fire
    The Mile 17 fire was a wildfire that began at about mile 17 of East End Road outside of Homer, Alaska on Tuesday, May 12, 2009 and lasted until Sunday, May 17.-Background:...

  • Fritz Creek
  • Diamond Ridge
  • Kachemak City
  • Homer Brewing Company
    Homer Brewing Company
    Homer Brewing Company, founded on September 21, 1996, is located at 1411 Lake Shore Drive, in Homer, Alaska, near the southern end of the Kenai Peninsula. The brewery specializes in unfiltered, unpasteurized, cask-conditioned beers. Their beers are available in 64 oz...



External links

The source of this article is wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.  The text of this article is licensed under the GFDL.
 
x
OK