Holzgerlingen
Encyclopedia
Holzgerlingen is a municipality in the German
Federal State
of Baden-Württemberg
. It is located in district of Böblingen
.
, a large forest in the state of Baden-Württemberg. It is 6 km (3.7 mi) south of the city of Böblingen
. The old city center lies about 475 m (1560 ft) above mean sea level
on a watershed. The source of the Aich River is located in the southeast of Holzgerlingen, the Aich is flowing east and feeding the Neckar River
at Nürtingen
. The source of the Würm River is located west of the city on administrative area of Altdorf
, the Würm is flowing westwards merging with the Nagold River and Enz
River in Pforzheim
.
s, but with considerably less variation in seasonal temperatures than in the United States. Throughout the year, minimal temperatures range from between 3°F and 39°F (-16°C to 4°C) during the night in January and February, the coldest months of the year, to between 65°F and 93°F (18°C to 34°C) during July and August afternoons.
The wettest month of the year is November, when frequent storm systems
blowing in off of both the North Sea
and the Atlantic Ocean
. During November, 5.00in (127 mm) of precipitation falls, mostly as rain. Snow
does fall in the region, but because daytime temperatures even in Winter are frequently above 32°F (0°C), long-lasting snow cover is unusual. The driest month of the year is September, when only 2.95in (75 mm) of precipitation occurs. In a normal year, precipitation totals 49.68in (1262mm).
times, and it is thought that the city was founded by Celt
s sometime in the period between 550 BC and 50 BC. Sometime around 100 AD, the Romans
conquered the area around the city, although they were in turn overthrown by Alemannic tibes in the vicinity of 300 AD.
In Germany, because many cities are extremely old and dating is inexact, a city's official history is considered to begin at the first time it is mentioned in writing. Holzgerlingen was first mentioned in the year 1007 in a history written by the Bishop of Bamberg
during the reign of Henry II
of the Holy Roman Empire
. The city was in the possession of the Palatinate
of Tübingen
from approximately 1100 until 1348, when the city was sold to the state of Württemberg.
The city was deeply effected by the German Peasants' War
, a popular revolt which took place in 1525. The Protestant Reformation
reached the city in 1534, and the city has remained Lutheran ever since. In 1735, during the War of the Polish Succession
, Russia
n troops were quartered in the city as they marched on France
. Just eight years later, in 1743, the city was used to quarter troops for Franz Freiherr von der Trenck
during the War of the Austrian Succession
.
In 1812 fifteen people from Holzgerlingen joined the troops of Napoleon for the his war against Russia so their families would be guaranteed safety, but never returned. The first post office was constructed in 1865, and in 1907, the city was connected to the electric
power grid. In 1945, during World War II
, French
troops burned down the city hall. It was rebuilt in 1950. The city obtained home-rule rights from the German government in 1993.
reached the city in 1534. in 1635, since then the town has been influenced by Protestantism
.
, Switzerland
, Niesky
, in the German federal state of Sachsen
, Jílové u Prahy
, Czech Republic
, and Crystal Lake, Illinois
. Crystal Lake South High School
participates in a yearly student exchange program
with the local sport organization (KSV) in Holzgerlingen.
In December 1996, the Schönbuchbahn (Schönbuch train
line), which runs between Böblingen and the town of Dettenhausen, was brought back to Holzgerlingen after a long period of unused Railroad tracks. The train line has three stops in the city. The train is also part of the Verkehrs- und Tarifverbund Stuttgart
and is connected to the Stuttgart S-Bahn
line S1 at Böblingen. The largest highway
in Holzgerlingen is Bundesstraße
(Federal Highway
) B464, which connects Böblingen and Reutlingen
.
café and a nursing home.
s and a boarding school for the mentally and physically challenged. Also, the city library possesses free internet access for residents.
Holzgerlingen is the home of the Holzgerlingen Twister, an American football team. The Holzgerlingen Twister met with considerable success in 2008 and 2009, and, having moved up two divisions in two years, will be playing in the GFL 2 Sued Bundesliga for the 2010 season.
Germany
Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...
Federal State
States of Germany
Germany is made up of sixteen which are partly sovereign constituent states of the Federal Republic of Germany. Land literally translates as "country", and constitutionally speaking, they are constituent countries...
of Baden-Württemberg
Baden-Württemberg
Baden-Württemberg is one of the 16 states of Germany. Baden-Württemberg is in the southwestern part of the country to the east of the Upper Rhine, and is the third largest in both area and population of Germany's sixteen states, with an area of and 10.7 million inhabitants...
. It is located in district of Böblingen
Böblingen (district)
Böblingen is a district in the middle of Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Neighboring districts are Calw, Enz, Ludwigsburg, Stuttgart, and the districts Esslingen and Tübingen.- History :...
.
Geography
Holzgerlingen, with its population of 12,700, lies in a clearing in the SchönbuchSchönbuch
The Schönbuch is an almost completely wooded area south west of Stuttgart and part of the Southern German Escarpment Landscape . In 1972 the centre zone of the Schönbuch became the first natural park in Baden-Württemberg...
, a large forest in the state of Baden-Württemberg. It is 6 km (3.7 mi) south of the city of Böblingen
Böblingen
Böblingen is a town in Baden-Württemberg, Germany, seat of Böblingen District. Physically Sindelfingen and Böblingen are continuous.-History:Böblingen was founded by Count Wilhelm von Tübingen-Böblingen in 1253. Württemberg acquired the town in 1357, and on 12 May 1525 one of the bloodiest battles...
. The old city center lies about 475 m (1560 ft) above mean sea level
Above mean sea level
The term above mean sea level refers to the elevation or altitude of any object, relative to the average sea level datum. AMSL is used extensively in radio by engineers to determine the coverage area a station will be able to reach...
on a watershed. The source of the Aich River is located in the southeast of Holzgerlingen, the Aich is flowing east and feeding the Neckar River
Neckar
The Neckar is a long river, mainly flowing through the southwestern state of Baden-Württemberg, but also a short section through Hesse, in Germany. The Neckar is a major right tributary of the River Rhine...
at Nürtingen
Nürtingen
Nürtingen is a town in the district of Esslingen in Baden-Württemberg in southern Germany. It is located on the river Neckar.-History:The following events occurred, by year:*1046 : First mention of Niuritingin in the document of Speyer...
. The source of the Würm River is located west of the city on administrative area of Altdorf
Altdorf, Böblingen
Altdorf is a municipality in the district of Böblingen in Baden-Württemberg in Germany....
, the Würm is flowing westwards merging with the Nagold River and Enz
Enz
The Enz is a left tributary of the Neckar in Baden-Württemberg.It is 112 km long.Its headstreams – the Little Enz and the Big Enz – rise in the northern Black Forest, the latter at Enzklösterle. In Calmbach , the Little Enz and the Big Enz join to form the Enz. The river passes through...
River in Pforzheim
Pforzheim
Pforzheim is a town of nearly 119,000 inhabitants in the state of Baden-Württemberg, southwest Germany at the gate to the Black Forest. It is world-famous for its jewelry and watch-making industry. Until 1565 it was the home to the Margraves of Baden. Because of that it gained the nickname...
.
Climate
Holzgerlingen, like many cities in southern Germany, and the Schönbuch region particularly, possess a temperate climate with four distinct seasonSeason
A season is a division of the year, marked by changes in weather, ecology, and hours of daylight.Seasons result from the yearly revolution of the Earth around the Sun and the tilt of the Earth's axis relative to the plane of revolution...
s, but with considerably less variation in seasonal temperatures than in the United States. Throughout the year, minimal temperatures range from between 3°F and 39°F (-16°C to 4°C) during the night in January and February, the coldest months of the year, to between 65°F and 93°F (18°C to 34°C) during July and August afternoons.
The wettest month of the year is November, when frequent storm systems
Low pressure area
A low-pressure area, or "low", is a region where the atmospheric pressure at sea level is below that of surrounding locations. Low-pressure systems form under areas of wind divergence which occur in upper levels of the troposphere. The formation process of a low-pressure area is known as...
blowing in off of both the North Sea
North Sea
In the southwest, beyond the Straits of Dover, the North Sea becomes the English Channel connecting to the Atlantic Ocean. In the east, it connects to the Baltic Sea via the Skagerrak and Kattegat, narrow straits that separate Denmark from Norway and Sweden respectively...
and the Atlantic Ocean
Atlantic Ocean
The Atlantic Ocean is the second-largest of the world's oceanic divisions. With a total area of about , it covers approximately 20% of the Earth's surface and about 26% of its water surface area...
. During November, 5.00in (127 mm) of precipitation falls, mostly as rain. Snow
Snow
Snow is a form of precipitation within the Earth's atmosphere in the form of crystalline water ice, consisting of a multitude of snowflakes that fall from clouds. Since snow is composed of small ice particles, it is a granular material. It has an open and therefore soft structure, unless packed by...
does fall in the region, but because daytime temperatures even in Winter are frequently above 32°F (0°C), long-lasting snow cover is unusual. The driest month of the year is September, when only 2.95in (75 mm) of precipitation occurs. In a normal year, precipitation totals 49.68in (1262mm).
History
The history of the settlement goes back to neolithicNeolithic
The Neolithic Age, Era, or Period, or New Stone Age, was a period in the development of human technology, beginning about 9500 BC in some parts of the Middle East, and later in other parts of the world. It is traditionally considered as the last part of the Stone Age...
times, and it is thought that the city was founded by Celt
Celt
The Celts were a diverse group of tribal societies in Iron Age and Roman-era Europe who spoke Celtic languages.The earliest archaeological culture commonly accepted as Celtic, or rather Proto-Celtic, was the central European Hallstatt culture , named for the rich grave finds in Hallstatt, Austria....
s sometime in the period between 550 BC and 50 BC. Sometime around 100 AD, the Romans
Roman Empire
The Roman Empire was the post-Republican period of the ancient Roman civilization, characterised by an autocratic form of government and large territorial holdings in Europe and around the Mediterranean....
conquered the area around the city, although they were in turn overthrown by Alemannic tibes in the vicinity of 300 AD.
In Germany, because many cities are extremely old and dating is inexact, a city's official history is considered to begin at the first time it is mentioned in writing. Holzgerlingen was first mentioned in the year 1007 in a history written by the Bishop of Bamberg
Bamberg
Bamberg is a city in Bavaria, Germany. It is located in Upper Franconia on the river Regnitz, close to its confluence with the river Main. Bamberg is one of the few cities in Germany that was not destroyed by World War II bombings because of a nearby Artillery Factory that prevented planes from...
during the reign of Henry II
Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor
Henry II , also referred to as Saint Henry, Obl.S.B., was the fifth and last Holy Roman Emperor of the Ottonian dynasty, from his coronation in Rome in 1014 until his death a decade later. He was crowned King of the Germans in 1002 and King of Italy in 1004...
of the Holy Roman Empire
Holy Roman Empire
The Holy Roman Empire was a realm that existed from 962 to 1806 in Central Europe.It was ruled by the Holy Roman Emperor. Its character changed during the Middle Ages and the Early Modern period, when the power of the emperor gradually weakened in favour of the princes...
. The city was in the possession of the Palatinate
Count palatine
Count palatine is a high noble title, used to render several comital styles, in some cases also shortened to Palatine, which can have other meanings as well.-Comes palatinus:...
of Tübingen
Tübingen
Tübingen is a traditional university town in central Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is situated south of the state capital, Stuttgart, on a ridge between the Neckar and Ammer rivers.-Geography:...
from approximately 1100 until 1348, when the city was sold to the state of Württemberg.
The city was deeply effected by the German Peasants' War
German Peasants' War
The German Peasants' War or Great Peasants' Revolt was a widespread popular revolt in the German-speaking areas of Central Europe, 1524–1526. At its height in the spring and summer of 1525, the conflict involved an estimated 300,000 peasants: contemporary estimates put the dead at 100,000...
, a popular revolt which took place in 1525. The Protestant Reformation
Protestant Reformation
The Protestant Reformation was a 16th-century split within Western Christianity initiated by Martin Luther, John Calvin and other early Protestants. The efforts of the self-described "reformers", who objected to the doctrines, rituals and ecclesiastical structure of the Roman Catholic Church, led...
reached the city in 1534, and the city has remained Lutheran ever since. In 1735, during the War of the Polish Succession
War of the Polish Succession
The War of the Polish Succession was a major European war for princes' possessions sparked by a Polish civil war over the succession to Augustus II, King of Poland that other European powers widened in pursuit of their own national interests...
, Russia
Russia
Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
n troops were quartered in the city as they marched on France
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
. Just eight years later, in 1743, the city was used to quarter troops for Franz Freiherr von der Trenck
Franz Freiherr von der Trenck
Baron Franz von der Trenck was an Austrian soldier...
during the War of the Austrian Succession
War of the Austrian Succession
The War of the Austrian Succession – including King George's War in North America, the Anglo-Spanish War of Jenkins' Ear, and two of the three Silesian wars – involved most of the powers of Europe over the question of Maria Theresa's succession to the realms of the House of Habsburg.The...
.
In 1812 fifteen people from Holzgerlingen joined the troops of Napoleon for the his war against Russia so their families would be guaranteed safety, but never returned. The first post office was constructed in 1865, and in 1907, the city was connected to the electric
Electricity
Electricity is a general term encompassing a variety of phenomena resulting from the presence and flow of electric charge. These include many easily recognizable phenomena, such as lightning, static electricity, and the flow of electrical current in an electrical wire...
power grid. In 1945, during World War II
World War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
, French
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
troops burned down the city hall. It was rebuilt in 1950. The city obtained home-rule rights from the German government in 1993.
Religion
The Protestant ReformationProtestant Reformation
The Protestant Reformation was a 16th-century split within Western Christianity initiated by Martin Luther, John Calvin and other early Protestants. The efforts of the self-described "reformers", who objected to the doctrines, rituals and ecclesiastical structure of the Roman Catholic Church, led...
reached the city in 1534. in 1635, since then the town has been influenced by Protestantism
Protestantism
Protestantism is one of the three major groupings within Christianity. It is a movement that began in Germany in the early 16th century as a reaction against medieval Roman Catholic doctrines and practices, especially in regards to salvation, justification, and ecclesiology.The doctrines of the...
.
Mayors
- 1904-1938: Robert Mosthaf
- 1938-1945: Otto Müller
- 1945-1948: Guido Eipperlein
- 1948-1964: Otto Rommel
- 1964-1983: Siegfried Gölz
- 1983-1985: Walter Mack
- 1986–present: Wilfried Dölker
Sister cities
Holzgerlingen's partner cities include NeuenhofNeuenhof, Aargau
Neuenhof is a municipality in the district of Baden in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland, located in the Limmat Valley .-Geography:...
, Switzerland
Switzerland
Switzerland name of one of the Swiss cantons. ; ; ; or ), in its full name the Swiss Confederation , is a federal republic consisting of 26 cantons, with Bern as the seat of the federal authorities. The country is situated in Western Europe,Or Central Europe depending on the definition....
, Niesky
Niesky
Niesky is a small town in Upper Lusatia in eastern the Free State of Saxony, Germany. It has a population of about 11,000 and is part of the district of Görlitz....
, in the German federal state of Sachsen
Saxony
The Free State of Saxony is a landlocked state of Germany, contingent with Brandenburg, Saxony Anhalt, Thuringia, Bavaria, the Czech Republic and Poland. It is the tenth-largest German state in area, with of Germany's sixteen states....
, Jílové u Prahy
Jílové u Prahy
Jílové u Prahy is a town in the Czech Republic.-External links:*...
, Czech Republic
Czech Republic
The Czech Republic is a landlocked country in Central Europe. The country is bordered by Poland to the northeast, Slovakia to the east, Austria to the south, and Germany to the west and northwest....
, and Crystal Lake, Illinois
Crystal Lake, Illinois
Crystal Lake is a city located in southeastern McHenry County in northeastern Illinois, in the Chicago suburbs. It is named after Crystal Lake, a lake located west-southwest of downtown. Crystal Lake is also a suburb of the city of Chicago. The population was 38,000 at the 2000 census, but as of...
. Crystal Lake South High School
Crystal Lake South High School
Crystal Lake South High School, often referred to as "South" or "CLS," is one of three high schools in Crystal Lake, Illinois, United States, and currently has a body of roughly 1916 students...
participates in a yearly student exchange program
Student exchange program
A student exchange program generally could be defined as a program where students from secondary school or university choose to study abroad in partner institutions...
with the local sport organization (KSV) in Holzgerlingen.
Traffic
Train
A train is a connected series of vehicles for rail transport that move along a track to transport cargo or passengers from one place to another place. The track usually consists of two rails, but might also be a monorail or maglev guideway.Propulsion for the train is provided by a separate...
line), which runs between Böblingen and the town of Dettenhausen, was brought back to Holzgerlingen after a long period of unused Railroad tracks. The train line has three stops in the city. The train is also part of the Verkehrs- und Tarifverbund Stuttgart
Verkehrs- und Tarifverbund Stuttgart
The Verkehrs- und Tarifverbund Stuttgart is a regional transport cooperative that coordinates tickets and fares among all transport operators in the metropolitan area of Stuttgart in Germany...
and is connected to the Stuttgart S-Bahn
Stuttgart S-Bahn
The Stuttgart S-Bahn is a suburban railway system serving the Stuttgart Region, an agglomeration of around 2.6 million people, consisting of the city of Stuttgart and the adjacent districts of Esslingen, Böblingen, Ludwigsburg and Rems-Murr. It consists of seven lines numbered S1 through S6 and...
line S1 at Böblingen. The largest highway
Highway
A highway is any public road. In American English, the term is common and almost always designates major roads. In British English, the term designates any road open to the public. Any interconnected set of highways can be variously referred to as a "highway system", a "highway network", or a...
in Holzgerlingen is Bundesstraße
Bundesstraße
Bundesstraße , abbreviated B, is the denotation for German and Austrian national highways.-Germany:...
(Federal Highway
Federal Highway
Federal Highways and Federal Routes can be found in:*Australia, National Highway 23 a short highway in New South Wales and the Australian Capital Territory is called the Federal Highway ....
) B464, which connects Böblingen and Reutlingen
Reutlingen
Reutlingen is a city in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is the capital of the eponymous district of Reutlingen. As of April 2008, it has a population of 109,828....
.
Civic Institutions
Holzgerlingen has a 700-seat civic and conference center, which also provides services such as an internetInternet
The Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks that use the standard Internet protocol suite to serve billions of users worldwide...
café and a nursing home.
Education
Holzgerligen presides over its own modern school system, with elementary through high school provided all within the same city, including seven KindergartenKindergarten
A kindergarten is a preschool educational institution for children. The term was created by Friedrich Fröbel for the play and activity institute that he created in 1837 in Bad Blankenburg as a social experience for children for their transition from home to school...
s and a boarding school for the mentally and physically challenged. Also, the city library possesses free internet access for residents.
Sports
In the city of Holzgerlingen, there is one small stadium, four sport halls, and a heated public swimming pool.Holzgerlingen is the home of the Holzgerlingen Twister, an American football team. The Holzgerlingen Twister met with considerable success in 2008 and 2009, and, having moved up two divisions in two years, will be playing in the GFL 2 Sued Bundesliga for the 2010 season.
Culture and sightseeing
Architecture
- The Mauritius Church, which possesses a tower dating from the eleventh century, is currently a legally protected historical landmark.
- Burg Kalteneck ("Castle Kalteneck") is a moated castle first mentioned 1002. Today's castle is built on a foundation dating back in the 14th Century. It can be rented for private or public events.