History of Rome (disambiguation) - AbsoluteAstronomy.com

The History of Rome may concern: I. celebrated Histories of ancient Rome; or, II. the history of Rome proper; or, III. Successors to the Roman Empire. The second of these, II. the history of Rome proper, may pertain to the following: (A) the City of Rome; (B) the ancient Kingdom, Republic, and Empire; (C) the ancient Roman: (1) state, (2) army, and (3) arts & sciences; and, (D) regions of the Empire.

History of Rome thus may refer to:

I. Celebrated multi-volume Histories of ancient Rome:
- Ab Urbe condita, (literally, "from the city having been founded"), by Titus Livius (59 BC - AD 17), who continued it up to his own day.
- Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, by Edward Gibbon
  Edward Gibbon
  Edward Gibbon was an English historian and Member of Parliament...
  
  (1737–1794); it continues through the Roman East under the Byzantines.
- Römische Geschichte
  History of Rome (Mommsen)
  The History of Rome is a multi-volume history of ancient Rome written by Theodor Mommsen . Originally published by Reimer & Hirsel, Leipzig, as three volumes during 1854-1856, the work dealt with the Roman Republic. A subsequent book was issued which concerned the provinces of the Roman Empire...
  
  , primary focus on the Republic, written by Theodor Mommsen
  Theodor Mommsen
  Christian Matthias Theodor Mommsen was a German classical scholar, historian, jurist, journalist, politician, archaeologist, and writer generally regarded as the greatest classicist of the 19th century. His work regarding Roman history is still of fundamental importance for contemporary research...
  
  (1817–1903) for whom it won the Nobel Prize
  Nobel Prize
  The Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances. The will of the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in 1895...
  
  .

II. The history of Rome proper:
- (A) History of the City of Rome:
  - History of Rome
    History of Rome
    The history of Rome spans 2,800 years of the existence of a city that grew from a small Italian village in the 9th century BC into the centre of a vast civilisation that dominated the Mediterranean region for centuries. Its political power was eventually replaced by that of peoples of mostly...
    
    : from foundation (c. 753 BC) to the present capital of Italy.
- (B) History of ancient Rome:
  - History of the Roman Kingdom (c. 753 to c. 509 BC).
  - History of the Roman Republic (c. 509 to 44 BC).
  - History of the Roman Empire
    History of the Roman Empire
    The broader history of the Roman Empire extends through 16 centuries and includes several stages in the evolution of the Roman state. It encompasses the period of the ancient Roman Empire, the period in which it was divided into western and eastern halves, and the history of the Eastern Roman or...
    
    (c. 31 BC to AD 476).
- (C) Roman institutions and culture:
  - (1) History of ancient Roman state institutions:
    - History of the Roman Constitution
      History of the Roman Constitution
      The History of the Roman Constitution is a study of Ancient Rome that traces the progression of Roman political development from the founding of the city of Rome in 753 BC to the collapse of the Roman Empire in 476 AD. The constitution of the Roman Kingdom vested the sovereign power in the King of...
    - History of the Constitution of the Roman Kingdom
      History of the Constitution of the Roman Kingdom
      The History of the Constitution of the Roman Kingdom is a study of the ancient Roman Kingdom that traces the progression of Roman political development from the founding of the city of Rome in 753 BC to the overthrow of the Roman Kingdom in 510 BC. The constitution of the Roman Kingdom vested the...
    - History of the Constitution of the Roman Republic
      History of the Constitution of the Roman Republic
      The history of the Constitution of the Roman Republic is a study of the ancient Roman Republic that traces the progression of Roman political development from the founding of the Roman Republic in 509 BC until the founding of the Roman Empire in 27 BC. The constitutional history of the Roman...
    - History of the Constitution of the Roman Empire
      History of the Constitution of the Roman Empire
      The History of the Constitution of the Roman Empire is a study of the ancient Roman Empire that traces the progression of Roman political development from the founding of the Roman Empire in 27 BC until the abolishment of the Roman Principate around 300 AD. In the year 88 BC, Lucius Cornelius Sulla...
    - Roman Constitution
      Roman Constitution
      The Roman Constitution was an uncodified set of guidelines and principles passed down mainly through precedent. The Roman constitution was not formal or even official, largely unwritten and constantly evolving. Concepts that originated in the Roman constitution live on in constitutions to this day...
    - History of the Roman Senate
      Roman Senate
      The Senate of the Roman Republic was a political institution in the ancient Roman Republic, however, it was not an elected body, but one whose members were appointed by the consuls, and later by the censors. After a magistrate served his term in office, it usually was followed with automatic...
    - History of Roman coinage
    - History of Roman Law
      Roman law
      Roman law is the legal system of ancient Rome, and the legal developments which occurred before the 7th century AD — when the Roman–Byzantine state adopted Greek as the language of government. The development of Roman law comprises more than a thousand years of jurisprudence — from the Twelve...
    - Marriage in ancient Rome
    - Social class in ancient Rome
      Social class in ancient Rome
      Social class in ancient Rome was hierarchical, but there were multiple and overlapping social hierarchies. The status of free-born Romans was established by:* ancestry ;...
  - (2) History of the ancient Roman Army:
    - History of the Roman Army
      Roman army
      The Roman army is the generic term for the terrestrial armed forces deployed by the kingdom of Rome , the Roman Republic , the Roman Empire and its successor, the Byzantine empire...
    - History of the Roman military
    - Campaign history of the Roman military
    - Political history of the Roman military
      Political history of the Roman military
      Rome's military was always tightly keyed to its political system. In the Roman kingdom the social standing of a person impacted both his political and military roles. The political system was from an early date based upon competition within the ruling elite. Senators in the Republic competed...
    - Structural history of the Roman military
      Structural history of the Roman military
      The structural history of the Roman military concerns the major transformations in the organization and constitution of ancient Rome's armed forces, "the most effective and long-lived military institution known to history." From its origins around 800 BC to its final dissolution in AD 476...
    - Technological history of the Roman military
      Technological history of the Roman military
      The technology history of the Roman military covers the development of and application of technologies for use in the armies and navies of Rome from the Roman Republic to the fall of the Western Roman Empire. The rise of Hellenism and the Roman Republic are generally seen as signalling the end of...
  - (3) Arts and sciences of ancient Rome:
    - Roman agriculture
      Roman agriculture
      Agriculture in ancient Rome was not only a necessity, but was idealized among the social elite as a way of life. Cicero considered farming the best of all Roman occupations...
    - Roman architecture
      Roman architecture
      Ancient Roman architecture adopted certain aspects of Ancient Greek architecture, creating a new architectural style. The Romans were indebted to their Etruscan neighbors and forefathers who supplied them with a wealth of knowledge essential for future architectural solutions, such as hydraulics...
    - Roman art
      Roman art
      Roman art has the visual arts made in Ancient Rome, and in the territories of the Roman Empire. Major forms of Roman art are architecture, painting, sculpture and mosaic work...
    - Roman calendar
      Roman calendar
      The Roman calendar changed its form several times in the time between the founding of Rome and the fall of the Roman Empire. This article generally discusses the early Roman or pre-Julian calendars...
    - Roman commerce
      Roman commerce
      Roman trade was the engine that drove the Roman economy of the late Republic and the early Empire. Fashions and trends in historiography and in popular culture have tended to neglect the economic basis of the empire in favor of the lingua franca of Latin and the exploits of the Roman legions...
    - Roman culture
    - Education in Ancient Rome
      Education in Ancient Rome
      Education in ancient Rome influenced the development of educational systems throughout Western civilization. In the span of a few centuries, Rome went from an informal system of education in which knowledge was passed from parents to children, to a specialized, tiered system of schools inspired by...
    - Roman engineering
      Roman engineering
      Romans are famous for their advanced engineering accomplishments, although some of their own inventions were improvements on older ideas, concepts and inventions. Technology for bringing running water into cities was developed in the east, but transformed by the Romans into a technology...
    - Roman historiography
      Roman historiography
      Roman Historiography is indebted to the Greeks, who invented the form. The Romans had great models to base their works upon, such as Herodotus and Thucydides. Roman historiographical forms are different from the Greek ones however, and voice very Roman concerns. Unlike the Greeks, Roman...
      - :it:Storiografia romana
    - Latin
      Latin
      Latin is an Italic language originally spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. It, along with most European languages, is a descendant of the ancient Proto-Indo-European language. Although it is considered a dead language, a number of scholars and members of the Christian clergy speak it fluently, and...
      
      language
    - Latin literature
      Latin literature
      Latin literature includes the essays, histories, poems, plays, and other writings of the ancient Romans. In many ways, it seems to be a continuation of Greek literature, using many of the same forms...
    - Medicine in ancient Rome
      Medicine in ancient Rome
      Medicine in ancient Rome combined various techniques using different tools and rituals. Ancient Roman medicine included a number of specializations such as internal medicine, ophthalmology and urology...
    - Roman metallurgy
      Roman metallurgy
      Metals and metal working had been known to the people of modern Italy since the Bronze Age. By 86 BC, Rome had already expanded to control an immense expanse of the Mediterranean...
    - Music of ancient Rome
    - Roman mythology
      Roman mythology
      Roman mythology is the body of traditional stories pertaining to ancient Rome's legendary origins and religious system, as represented in the literature and visual arts of the Romans...
    - Roman philosophy: Stoicism
      Stoicism
      Stoicism is a school of Hellenistic philosophy founded in Athens by Zeno of Citium in the early . The Stoics taught that destructive emotions resulted from errors in judgment, and that a sage, or person of "moral and intellectual perfection," would not suffer such emotions.Stoics were concerned...
    - Religion in ancient Rome
      Religion in ancient Rome
      Religion in ancient Rome encompassed the religious beliefs and cult practices regarded by the Romans as indigenous and central to their identity as a people, as well as the various and many cults imported from other peoples brought under Roman rule. Romans thus offered cult to innumerable deities...
    - Roman rhetoric
      Rhetoric
      Rhetoric is the art of discourse, an art that aims to improve the facility of speakers or writers who attempt to inform, persuade, or motivate particular audiences in specific situations. As a subject of formal study and a productive civic practice, rhetoric has played a central role in the Western...
      
      : Quintilian
      Quintilian
      Marcus Fabius Quintilianus was a Roman rhetorician from Hispania, widely referred to in medieval schools of rhetoric and in Renaissance writing...
    - Theatre of ancient Rome
      Theatre of ancient Rome
      The theatre of ancient Rome was a thriving and diverse art form, ranging from festival performances of street theatre, nude dancing, and acrobatics, to the staging of Plautus's broadly appealing situation comedies, to the high-style, verbally elaborate tragedies of Seneca...
- (D) Regional histories of the Roman Empire:
  - History of Italia
  - History of Roman Greece
    Roman Greece
    Roman Greece is the period of Greek history following the Roman victory over the Corinthians at the Battle of Corinth in 146 BC until the reestablishment of the city of Byzantium and the naming of the city by the Emperor Constantine as the capital of the Roman Empire...
  - History of Roman Syria
  - History of Roman Egypt
  - History of Roman-era Tunisia
  - History of Roman Spain
  - History of Gallo-Roman culture
    Gallo-Roman culture
    The term Gallo-Roman describes the Romanized culture of Gaul under the rule of the Roman Empire. This was characterized by the Gaulish adoption or adaptation of Roman mores and way of life in a uniquely Gaulish context...
  - History of Roman Britain
    Roman Britain
    Roman Britain was the part of the island of Great Britain controlled by the Roman Empire from AD 43 until ca. AD 410.The Romans referred to the imperial province as Britannia, which eventually comprised all of the island of Great Britain south of the fluid frontier with Caledonia...
  - History of Germania
    Germania
    Germania was the Greek and Roman geographical term for the geographical regions inhabited by mainly by peoples considered to be Germani. It was most often used to refer especially to the east of the Rhine and north of the Danube...

III. History of Successors to the Roman Empire:
- History of Roman and Byzantine Greece (to 1453).
- History of the Byzantine Empire (395 to 1453).
- History of the Holy Roman Empire (800 to 1806).
- Also: indirectly the proximous association respecting the Episcopal polity
  Episcopal polity
  Episcopal polity is a form of church governance that is hierarchical in structure with the chief authority over a local Christian church resting in a bishop...
  
  of Christian Churches.