Gracillariidae
Encyclopedia
Gracillariidae is an important family of insects in the order Lepidoptera
and the principal family of leaf miner
s that includes several economic, horticultural or recently invasive pest species such as the horse-chestnut leaf miner
, Cameraria ohridella.
genera of Gracillariidae (see "Subfamilies and Genera"). A complete checklist is available of all currently recognised species (de Prins and de Prins 2005). There are many undescribed species in the tropics but there is also an online catalogue of Afrotropical described species http://www.metafro.be/graci; the South African fauna is quite well known. Although Japanese and Russian authors have recognised additional subfamilies (de Prins and de Prins, 2005), there are three currently recognised subfamilies, Phyllocnistinae of which is likely to be basal
. In this subfamily, the primitive genus Prophyllocnistis from Chile
feeds on the plant genus Drimys
(Winteraceae), and has leaf mines structurally similar in structure to fossils (Davis, 1994) (see "Fossils"). While there have been some recent DNA sequence
-based studies of Palaearctic species (Lopez-Vaamonde et al., 2003, 2006), there is need for a satisfactory modern global phylogenetic framework for the subfamilies of Gracillaridae. Some genera are very large, e.g. Acrocercops, Caloptilia, Cameraria, Epicephala and Phyllonorycter.
larva
e are flattened and possess specialised mouthparts
adapted
for feeding on sap
. Older-instar
larvae are cylindrical and have normal chewing mouthparts for feeding on plant tissue within the leaf mines, and have a fully functional silk
-producing organ the "spinneret". Some genera have an intermediate stage in this remarkable hypermetamorphosis
(Davis and Robinson, 1999).
ous trees or shrubs http://internt.nhm.ac.uk/jdsml/research-curation/projects/hostplants/list.dsml?searchPageURL=browse.dsml&Family=Gracillariidae&Genus=&Species=&Country=&sort=Family. Patterns of hostplant shifting have been inferred for many United Kingdom
species in the genus Phyllonorycter and its sister genus Cameraria (Lopez-Vaamonde et al., 2003). Another recent DNA sequencing
study mainly of Palaearctic species has shown that the burst of evolutionary adaptive radiation
occurred long after that of the larva
l hostplants, rather than demonstrating a tight coevolutionary process (Lopez-Vaamonde et al., 2006).
and Nebraska
(Labandeira et al. 1994). There are other fossil mines known from rocks of Eocene
and Miocene
age (de Prins and de Prins, 2005). There are also two adult moths are known from Lithuania
n or Baltic amber
of Eocene
age: Gracillariites lithuanicus
Kozlov, 1987 and G. mixtus
Kozlov, 1987) (de Prins and de Prins, 2005).
Lepidoptera
Lepidoptera is a large order of insects that includes moths and butterflies . It is one of the most widespread and widely recognizable insect orders in the world, encompassing moths and the three superfamilies of butterflies, skipper butterflies, and moth-butterflies...
and the principal family of leaf miner
Leaf miner
Leaf miner is a term used to describe the larvae of many different species of insect which live in and eat the leaf tissue of plants. The vast majority of leaf-mining insects are moths , sawflies and flies , though some beetles and wasps also exhibit this behavior.Like Woodboring beetles, leaf...
s that includes several economic, horticultural or recently invasive pest species such as the horse-chestnut leaf miner
Horse-chestnut leaf miner
The horse-chestnut leaf miner is a leaf-mining moth of the Gracillariidae family. The horse-chestnut leaf miner was first observed in Macedonia in 1984, and was described as a new species in 1986. Its larvae are leaf miners on the Common Horse-chestnut...
, Cameraria ohridella.
Taxonomy and systematics
There are 98 describedBinomial nomenclature
Binomial nomenclature is a formal system of naming species of living things by giving each a name composed of two parts, both of which use Latin grammatical forms, although they can be based on words from other languages...
genera of Gracillariidae (see "Subfamilies and Genera"). A complete checklist is available of all currently recognised species (de Prins and de Prins 2005). There are many undescribed species in the tropics but there is also an online catalogue of Afrotropical described species http://www.metafro.be/graci; the South African fauna is quite well known. Although Japanese and Russian authors have recognised additional subfamilies (de Prins and de Prins, 2005), there are three currently recognised subfamilies, Phyllocnistinae of which is likely to be basal
Basal (phylogenetics)
In phylogenetics, a basal clade is the earliest clade to branch in a larger clade; it appears at the base of a cladogram.A basal group forms an outgroup to the rest of the clade, such as in the following example:...
. In this subfamily, the primitive genus Prophyllocnistis from Chile
Chile
Chile ,officially the Republic of Chile , is a country in South America occupying a long, narrow coastal strip between the Andes mountains to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the west. It borders Peru to the north, Bolivia to the northeast, Argentina to the east, and the Drake Passage in the far...
feeds on the plant genus Drimys
Drimys
Drimys is a genus of about eight species of woody evergreen flowering plants, in the family Winteraceae. The species are native to the Neotropics, ranging from southern Mexico to the southern tip of South America...
(Winteraceae), and has leaf mines structurally similar in structure to fossils (Davis, 1994) (see "Fossils"). While there have been some recent DNA sequence
DNA sequence
The sequence or primary structure of a nucleic acid is the composition of atoms that make up the nucleic acid and the chemical bonds that bond those atoms. Because nucleic acids, such as DNA and RNA, are unbranched polymers, this specification is equivalent to specifying the sequence of...
-based studies of Palaearctic species (Lopez-Vaamonde et al., 2003, 2006), there is need for a satisfactory modern global phylogenetic framework for the subfamilies of Gracillaridae. Some genera are very large, e.g. Acrocercops, Caloptilia, Cameraria, Epicephala and Phyllonorycter.
Distribution
Gracillariidae occurs in all terrestrial regions of the World except Antarctica.Identification
These generally small (wingspan 5–20 mm.) moths and are leaf miners as caterpillarshttp://www.leafmines.co.uk/html/gracillariidae.htm which can provide a useful means of identification especially if the hostplant is known. The subfamilies differ by the adult moth resting posture (Davis and Robinson, 1999). Most Gracillariinae rest with the front of the body steeply raised; Lithocolletinae and Phyllocnistinae rest with the body parallel to the surface, or in Lithocolletinae often with the head lowered.Life history
The first to fifth-instarInstar
An instar is a developmental stage of arthropods, such as insects, between each molt , until sexual maturity is reached. Arthropods must shed the exoskeleton in order to grow or assume a new form. Differences between instars can often be seen in altered body proportions, colors, patterns, or...
larva
Larva
A larva is a distinct juvenile form many animals undergo before metamorphosis into adults. Animals with indirect development such as insects, amphibians, or cnidarians typically have a larval phase of their life cycle...
e are flattened and possess specialised mouthparts
Insect mouthparts
Insects exhibit a range of mouthparts, adapted to particular modes of feeding. The earliest insects had chewing mouthparts...
adapted
Adaptation
An adaptation in biology is a trait with a current functional role in the life history of an organism that is maintained and evolved by means of natural selection. An adaptation refers to both the current state of being adapted and to the dynamic evolutionary process that leads to the adaptation....
for feeding on sap
Sap
Sap may refer to:* Plant sap, the fluid transported in xylem cells or phloem sieve tube elements of a plant* Sap , a village in the Dunajská Streda District of Slovakia...
. Older-instar
Instar
An instar is a developmental stage of arthropods, such as insects, between each molt , until sexual maturity is reached. Arthropods must shed the exoskeleton in order to grow or assume a new form. Differences between instars can often be seen in altered body proportions, colors, patterns, or...
larvae are cylindrical and have normal chewing mouthparts for feeding on plant tissue within the leaf mines, and have a fully functional silk
Silk
Silk is a natural protein fiber, some forms of which can be woven into textiles. The best-known type of silk is obtained from the cocoons of the larvae of the mulberry silkworm Bombyx mori reared in captivity...
-producing organ the "spinneret". Some genera have an intermediate stage in this remarkable hypermetamorphosis
Metamorphosis
Metamorphosis is a biological process by which an animal physically develops after birth or hatching, involving a conspicuous and relatively abrupt change in the animal's body structure through cell growth and differentiation...
(Davis and Robinson, 1999).
Larval hostplants
Many hostplants are known, generally dicotyledonDicotyledon
The dicotyledons, also known as dicots, are a group of flowering plants whose seed typically has two embryonic leaves or cotyledons. There are around 199,350 species within this group...
ous trees or shrubs http://internt.nhm.ac.uk/jdsml/research-curation/projects/hostplants/list.dsml?searchPageURL=browse.dsml&Family=Gracillariidae&Genus=&Species=&Country=&sort=Family. Patterns of hostplant shifting have been inferred for many United Kingdom
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandIn the United Kingdom and Dependencies, other languages have been officially recognised as legitimate autochthonous languages under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages...
species in the genus Phyllonorycter and its sister genus Cameraria (Lopez-Vaamonde et al., 2003). Another recent DNA sequencing
DNA sequencing
DNA sequencing includes several methods and technologies that are used for determining the order of the nucleotide bases—adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine—in a molecule of DNA....
study mainly of Palaearctic species has shown that the burst of evolutionary adaptive radiation
Adaptive radiation
In evolutionary biology, adaptive radiation is the evolution of ecological and phenotypic diversity within a rapidly multiplying lineage. Starting with a recent single ancestor, this process results in the speciation and phenotypic adaptation of an array of species exhibiting different...
occurred long after that of the larva
Larva
A larva is a distinct juvenile form many animals undergo before metamorphosis into adults. Animals with indirect development such as insects, amphibians, or cnidarians typically have a larval phase of their life cycle...
l hostplants, rather than demonstrating a tight coevolutionary process (Lopez-Vaamonde et al., 2006).
Fossils
The family is an old one, with fossil Phyllocnistinae mines known from 97 million old rocks in KansasKansas
Kansas is a US state located in the Midwestern United States. It is named after the Kansas River which flows through it, which in turn was named after the Kansa Native American tribe, which inhabited the area. The tribe's name is often said to mean "people of the wind" or "people of the south...
and Nebraska
Nebraska
Nebraska is a state on the Great Plains of the Midwestern United States. The state's capital is Lincoln and its largest city is Omaha, on the Missouri River....
(Labandeira et al. 1994). There are other fossil mines known from rocks of Eocene
Eocene
The Eocene Epoch, lasting from about 56 to 34 million years ago , is a major division of the geologic timescale and the second epoch of the Paleogene Period in the Cenozoic Era. The Eocene spans the time from the end of the Palaeocene Epoch to the beginning of the Oligocene Epoch. The start of the...
and Miocene
Miocene
The Miocene is a geological epoch of the Neogene Period and extends from about . The Miocene was named by Sir Charles Lyell. Its name comes from the Greek words and and means "less recent" because it has 18% fewer modern sea invertebrates than the Pliocene. The Miocene follows the Oligocene...
age (de Prins and de Prins, 2005). There are also two adult moths are known from Lithuania
Lithuania
Lithuania , officially the Republic of Lithuania is a country in Northern Europe, the biggest of the three Baltic states. It is situated along the southeastern shore of the Baltic Sea, whereby to the west lie Sweden and Denmark...
n or Baltic amber
Baltic amber
The Baltic region is home to the largest known deposit of amber, called Baltic amber or succinite, with about 80% of the world's known amber found there. It dates from 44 million years ago...
of Eocene
Eocene
The Eocene Epoch, lasting from about 56 to 34 million years ago , is a major division of the geologic timescale and the second epoch of the Paleogene Period in the Cenozoic Era. The Eocene spans the time from the end of the Palaeocene Epoch to the beginning of the Oligocene Epoch. The start of the...
age: Gracillariites lithuanicus
Gracillariites
Gracillariites is an extinct genus of moth in the Gracillariidae family, which existed in what is now Lithuania during the Eocene period. It was described by Kozlov in 1987, and the type species is Gracillariites lithuanicus. It also contains the species Gracillariites mixtus....
Kozlov, 1987 and G. mixtus
Gracillariites
Gracillariites is an extinct genus of moth in the Gracillariidae family, which existed in what is now Lithuania during the Eocene period. It was described by Kozlov in 1987, and the type species is Gracillariites lithuanicus. It also contains the species Gracillariites mixtus....
Kozlov, 1987) (de Prins and de Prins, 2005).
Subfamilies and Genera
- Phyllocnistinae Herrich-Schäffer, 1857
- CorythoxestisCorythoxestisCorythoxestis is a genus of moths in the family Gracillariidae.-Species:*Corythoxestis aletreuta *Corythoxestis cyanolampra Vári, 1961*Corythoxestis pentarcha...
Meyrick, 1921 - =Cryphiomystis Meyrick, 1922
- Eumetrichroa Kumata, 1998
- GuttigeraGuttigeraGuttigera is a genus of moths in the family Gracillariidae.-Species:*Guttigera albicaput Diakonoff, 1955*Guttigera rhythmica Diakonoff, 1955...
Diakonoff, 1955 - MetriochroaMetriochroaMetriochroa is a genus of moths in the family Gracillariidae.-Species:*Metriochroa argyrocelis Vári, 1961*Metriochroa carissae Vári, 1963*Metriochroa celidota Bradley, 1965*Metriochroa fraxinella Kumata, 1998...
Busck, 1900 - =Oecophyllembius Silvestri, 1908
- PhyllocnistisPhyllocnistisPhyllocnistis is a genus of moths in the family Gracillariidae.-Adult:Adults of the genus Phyllocnistis are very small moths with wing spans generally not exceeding 5 mm. Both fore- and hindwings are lanceolate and predominantly white. The forewings are marked with yellow to orange, longitudinal...
Zeller, 1848 - ProphyllocnistisProphyllocnistisProphyllocnistis is a genus of moths in the family Gracillariidae....
Davis, 1994
- Corythoxestis
- Gracillariinae Stainton, 1854
- GracillariaGracillariaGracillaria is a genus of moths in the family Gracillariidae.-Species:*Gracillaria albicapitata Issiki, 1930*Gracillaria arsenievi *Gracillaria chalcanthes *Gracillaria japonica Kumata, 1982...
Haworth, 1928 - =Gracilaria Zeller, 1839
- =Gracilaria Walsingham, 1907
- =Xanthospilapteryx Spuler, 1910
- AcrocercopsAcrocercopsAcrocercops is a genus of moths in the family Gracillariidae.-Species:*Acrocercops acanthidias Meyrick, 1934*Acrocercops achnodes Meyrick, 1915*Acrocercops aeglophanes *Acrocercops aellomacha...
Wallengren, 1881 - AfricephalaAfricephalaAfricephala timaea is a moth of the Gracillariidae family. It is known from Malawi and Namibia....
Vári, 1986 - AmblyptilaAmblyptilaAmblyptila is a genus of moths in the family Gracillariidae.-Species:*Amblyptila cynanchi Vári, 1961 *Amblyptila strophanthina Vári, 1961...
Vári, 1961 - ApistoneuraApistoneuraApistoneura is a genus of moths in the family Gracillariidae....
Vári, 1961 - ApophthisisApophthisisApophthisis is a genus of moths in the family Gracillariidae.-Species:*Apophthisis congregata Braun, 1923*Apophthisis pullata Braun, 1915...
Braun, 1915 - AristaeaAristaeaAristaea is a genus of moths in the family Gracillariidae.-Species:*Aristaea acares *Aristaea amalopa *Aristaea atrata Triberti, 1985*Aristaea bathracma *Aristaea eurygramma Vári, 1961...
Meyrick, 1907 - ArtifodinaArtifodinaArtifodina is a genus of moths in the family Gracillariidae.-Species:*Artifodina himalaica Kumata, 1985*Artifodina japonica Kumata, 1985*Artifodina kurokoi Kumata, 1995*Artifodina siamensis Kumata, 1995...
Kumata, 1985 - AspilapteryxAspilapteryxAspilapteryx is a genus of moths in the family Gracillariidae.-Species:*Aspilapteryx filifera *Aspilapteryx grypota *Aspilapteryx inquinata Triberti, 1985*Aspilapteryx limosella...
Spuler, 1910 - =Sabulopteryx Triberti, 1985
- BorboryctisBorboryctisBorboryctis is a genus of moths in the family Gracillariidae.-Etymology:The genus name is derived from the Greek borbos and oryctis .-Species:*Borboryctis euryae Kumata & Kuroko, 1988...
Kumata & Kurokoo, 1988 - CallicercopsCallicercopsCallicercops is a genus of moths in the family Gracillariidae.-Species:*Callicercops iridocrossa *Callicercops milloti *Callicercops triceros...
Vári, 1961 - CallistoCallisto (moth)Callisto is a genus of moths in the family Gracillariidae.-Species:*Callisto albicinctella Kuznetzov, 1979*Callisto coffeella *Callisto denticulella *Callisto elegantella Kuznetzov, 1979...
Stephens, 1834 - =Annickia Gibeaux, 1990
- CaloptiliaCaloptiliaCaloptilia is a genus of moths in the family Gracillariidae.-Species:*Caloptilia acericola Kumata, 1966*Caloptilia acericolella Kuznetzov, 1981*Caloptilia aceriella *Caloptilia acerifoliella...
Hübner, 1825 - =PoeciloptiliaHübner, 1825
- =Ornix Collar, 1832
- =Ornix Treitschke, 1833
- =Coriscium Zeler, 1839
- =Calliptilia Agassiz, 1847
- =Timodora meyrick, 1886
- =Antiolopha Meyrick, 1894
- =Sphyrophora Vári, 1961
- =Phylloptilia Kumata, 1982
- =Rhadinoptilia Kumata, 1982
- =Minyoptilia Kumata, 1982
- =Cecidoptilia Kumata, 1982
- CalybitesCalybitesCalybites is a genus of moths in the family Gracillariidae.-Species:*Calybites hauderi *Calybites lepidella *Calybites phasianipennella *Calybites quadrisignella...
Hübner, 1822 - ChilocampylaChilocampylaChilocampyla is a genus of moths in the family Gracillariidae.-Species:*Chilocampyla dyariella Busck, 1900*Chilocampyla psidiella Busck, 1934...
Busck, 1900 - ChrysocercopsChrysocercopsChrysocercops is a genus of moths in the family Gracillariidae.-Etymology:Chrysocercops is derived from the Greek chrysos , cercos and ops .-Species:*Chrysocercops argentata Kumata, 1992...
Kumata & Kuroko, 1988 - ConopobathraConopobathraConopobathra is a genus of moths in the family Gracillariidae.-Species:*Conopobathra carbunculata *Conopobathra geraea Vári, 1961*Conopobathra gravissima *Conopobathra plethorhabda Vári, 1961...
Vári, 1961 - ConopomorphaConopomorphaConopomorpha is a genus of moths in the family Gracillariidae.-Species:*Conopomorpha antimacha Meyrick, 1907*Conopomorpha chionochtha Meyrick, 1907*Conopomorpha chionosema Vári, 1961*Conopomorpha cramerella...
Meyrick, 1885 - ConopomorphinaConopomorphinaConopomorphina is a genus of moths in the family Gracillariidae.-Species:*Conopomorphina aptata *Conopomorphina gypsochroma Vári, 1961*Conopomorphina ochnivora Vári, 1961...
Vári, 1961 - CorethrovalvaCorethrovalvaCorethrovalva is a genus of moths in the family Gracillariidae.-Species:*Corethrovalva allophylina Vári, 1961*Corethrovalva goniosema Vári, 1961*Corethrovalva paraplesia Vári, 1961...
Vári, 1961 - CryptolecticaCryptolecticaCryptolectica is a genus of moths in the family Gracillariidae.-Species:*Cryptolectica capnodecta Vári, 1961*Cryptolectica chrysalis Kumata & Ermolaev, 1988*Cryptolectica ensiformis...
Vári, 1961 - CryptologaCryptologaCryptologa is a genus of moths in the family Gracillariidae....
Fletcher, 1921 - CupediaCupediaCupedia is a genus of moths in the family Gracillariidae....
Klimesch & Kumata, 1973 - CuphodesCuphodesCuphodes is a genus of moths in the family Gracillariidae.-Species:*Cuphodes didymosticha Turner, 1940*Cuphodes diospyri Vári, 1961*Cuphodes diospyrosella *Cuphodes dolichocera Vári, 1961...
Meyrick, 1897 - CyphostichaCyphostichaCyphosticha is a genus of moths in the family Gracillariidae.-Species:*Cyphosticha acrolitha Meyrick, 1908*Cyphosticha albomarginata *Cyphosticha callimacha *Cyphosticha dialeuca Turner, 1940...
Meyrick, 1907 - DekeidoryxisDekeidoryxisDekeidoryxis is a genus of moths in the family Gracillariidae.-Etymology:Dekeidoryxis is derived from the Greek dekos , eidos and oryxis .-Species:...
Kumata, 1989 - DendrorycterDendrorycterDendrorycter is a genus of moths in the family Gracillariidae....
Kumata, 1978 - DeoptiliaDeoptiliaDeoptilia is a genus of moths in the family Gracillariidae.-Etymology:Deoptilia is derived from the Greek deo and ptilia .-Species:*Deoptilia heptadeta *Deoptilia syrista...
Kumata & Kuroko, 1988 - DextelliaDextelliaDextellia is a genus of moths in the family Gracillariidae....
Triberti, 1986 - DialecticaDialectica (moth)Dialectica is a genus of moths in the family Gracillariidae.-Species:*Dialectica aemula *Dialectica carcharota *Dialectica columellina *Dialectica cordiaecola Vári, 1961...
Walsingham, 1897 - DiphtheroptilaDiphtheroptilaDiphtheroptila is a genus of moths in the family Gracillariidae.-Species:*Diphtheroptila brideliae Vári, 1961*Diphtheroptila ochridorsellum *Diphtheroptila oxyloga...
Vári, 1961 - DysectopaDysectopaDysectopa is a genus of moths in the family Gracillariidae....
Vári, 1961 - EctropinaEctropinaEctropina is a genus of moths in the family Gracillariidae.-Species:*Ectropina acidula *Ectropina citricula *Ectropina ligata *Ectropina raychaudhurii Kumata, 1979...
Vári, 1961 - EpicephalaEpicephalaEpicephala is a genus of moths in the family Gracillariidae.-Species:*Epicephala acrobaphes *Epicephala acrocarpa Meyrick, 1927*Epicephala albifrons *Epicephala albistriatella...
Meyrick, 1980 - =Iraina Diakonoff, 1955
- =Leiocephala Kuznetzov & Baryschnikova, 2001
- EpicnistisEpicnistisEpicnistis is a genus of moths in the family Gracillariidae....
Meyrick, 1906 - EteoryctisEteoryctisEteoryctis is a genus of moths in the family Gracillariidae.-Etymology:Eteoryctis is derived from the Greek eteos and oryctis .-Species:*Eteoryctis deversa...
Kumata & Kuroko, 1988 - EucalybitesEucalybitesEucalybites is a genus of moths in the family Gracillariidae....
Kumata, 1982 - EucosmophoraEucosmophoraEucosmophora is a genus of moths in the family Gracillariidae.-Species:*Eucosmophora aspila Davis & Wagner, 2005*Eucosmophora atlantis *Eucosmophora chrysocosma *Eucosmophora dives Walsingham, 1897...
Walsingham, 1897 - EuprophantisEuprophantisEuprophantis is a genus of moths in the family Gracillariidae....
Meyrick, 1921 - EurytylaEurytylaEurytyla is a genus of moths in the family Gracillariidae....
Meyrick, 1893 - EuspilapteryxEuspilapteryxEuspilapteryx is a genus of moths in the family Gracillariidae.-Species:*Euspilapteryx auroguttella Stephens, 1835*Euspilapteryx crypta Vári, 1961...
Stephens, 1835 - GibbovalvaGibbovalvaGibbovalva is a genus of moths in the family Gracillariidae.-Species:*Gibbovalva civica *Gibbovalva kobusi Kumata & Kuroko, 1988*Gibbovalva magnoliae Kumata & Kuroko, 1988*Gibbovalva quadrifasciata...
Kumata & Kuroko, 1988 - GraphiocephalaGraphiocephalaGraphiocephala is a genus of moths in the family Gracillariidae.-Species:*Graphiocephala barbitias *Graphiocephala polysticha Vári, 1961*Graphiocephala strigifera Vári, 1961...
Vári, 1961 - HypectopaHypectopaHypectopa is a genus of moths in the family Gracillariidae....
Diakonoff, 1955 - KetapangiaKetapangiaKetapangia is a genus of moths in the family Gracillariidae.-Etymology:Ketapangia is named after ketapang, a Malayan name for Terminalia catappa, a food plant common to the species of the genus.-Species:...
Kumata, 1995 - LamprolecticaLamprolecticaLamprolectica is a genus of moths in the family Gracillariidae....
Vári, 1961 - LeucanthizaLeucanthizaLeucanthiza is a genus of moths in the family Gracillariidae.-Species:*Leucanthiza amphicarpeaefoliella Clemens, 1859*Leucanthiza dircella Braun, 1914*Leucanthiza forbesi Bourquin, 1962...
Clemens, 1859 - LeucocercopsLeucocercopsLeucocercops is a genus of moths in the family Gracillariidae....
Vári, 1961 - LeucospilapteryxLeucospilapteryxLeucospilapteryx is a genus of moths in the family Gracillariidae.-Species:*Leucospilapteryx anaphalidis Kumata, 1965*Leucospilapteryx omissella *Leucospilapteryx venustella...
Spuler, 1910 - LiocrobylaLiocrobylaLiocrobyla is a genus of moths in the family Gracillariidae.-Species:*Liocrobyla brachybotrys Kuroko, 1960*Liocrobyla desmodiella Kuroko, 1982*Liocrobyla kumatai Kuroko, 1982*Liocrobyla lobata Kuroko, 1960...
Meyrick, 1916 - MacarostolaMacarostolaMacarostola is a genus of moths in the family Gracillariidae.-Species:*Macarostola ageta *Macarostola callischema Meyrick, 1908*Macarostola ceryx *Macarostola coccinea...
Meyrick, 1907 - MarmaraMarmara (moth)Marmara is a genus of moths in the family Gracillariidae.-Species:*Marmara affirmata *Marmara apocynella Braun, 1915*Marmara arbutiella Busck, 1904*Marmara auratella Braun, 1915...
Clemens, 1863 - MelanocercopsMelanocercopsMelanocercops is a genus of moths in the family Gracillariidae.-Species:*Melanocercops cyclopa *Melanocercops desiccata *Melanocercops elaphopa *Melanocercops ficuvorella...
Kumata & Kuroko, 1988 - MetacercopsMetacercopsMetacercops is a genus of moths in the family Gracillariidae.-Species:*Metacercops cuphomorpha *Metacercops hexactis *Metacercops praestricta...
Vári, 1961 - MicrurapteryxMicrurapteryxMicrurapteryx is a genus of moths in the family Gracillariidae.-Species:*Micrurapteryx bidentata Noreika, 1992*Micrurapteryx fumosella Kuznetzov & Tristan, 1985*Micrurapteryx gerasimovi Ermolaev, 1982...
Spuler, 1910 - MonocercopsMonocercopsMonocercops is a genus of moths in the family Gracillariidae.-Etymology:Monocercops is derived from the Greek monos , cercos and ops .-Species:*Monocercops actinosema...
Kumata, 1989 - NeurobathraNeurobathraNeurobathra is a genus of moths in the family Gracillariidae.-Species:*Neurobathra bohartiella Opler, 1971*Neurobathra curcassi Busck, 1934*Neurobathra strigifinitella...
Ely, 1918 - NeurolipaNeurolipaNeurolipa is a genus of moths in the family Gracillariidae....
Ely, 1918 - NeurostrotaNeurostrotaNeurostrota is a genus of moths in the family Gracillariidae.-Species:*Neurostrota brunnea Landry, 2006*Neurostrota cupreella *Neurostrota gunniella *Neurostrota magnifica Landry, 2006...
Ely, 1918 - OligoneurinaOligoneurinaOligoneurina is a genus of moths in the family Gracillariidae....
Vári, 1961 - OrnixolaOrnixolaOrnixola is a genus of moths in the family Gracillariidae....
Kuznetzov, 1979 - PareclectisPareclectisPareclectis is a genus of moths in the family Gracillariidae.-Species:*Pareclectis adelospila Vári, 1961*Pareclectis hobohmi Vári, 1961*Pareclectis invita *Pareclectis leucosticha Vári, 1961...
Meyrick, 1937 - ParectopaParectopaParectopa is a genus of moths in the family Gracillariidae.-Species:*Parectopa albicostella Braun, 1925*Parectopa bosquella *Parectopa bumeliella Braun, 1939*Parectopa capnias Meyrick, 1908...
Clemens, 1860 - ParornixParornixParornix is a genus of moths in the family Gracillariidae.-Species:*Parornix acuta Triberti, 1980*Parornix alni Kumata, 1965*Parornix alpicola *Parornix alta *Parornix altaica Noreika & Bidzilya, 2006...
Spuler, 1910 - =Alfaornix Kuznetzov, 1979
- =Betaornix Kuznetzov, 1979
- =Deltaornix Kuznetzov, 1979
- =Gammaornix Kuznetzov, 1979
- PenicaPenicaPenica is a genus of moths in the family Gracillariidae....
Walsingham, 1914 - PhilodoriaPhilodoriaPhilodoria is a genus of moths in the family Gracillariidae. All species are endemic to Hawaii.-Life History:The larvae mine the leaves of many kinds of broad-leaved plants...
Walsingham, 1907 - =Euphilodoria Zimmermann, 1978
- PhodoryctisPhodoryctisPhodoryctis is a genus of moths in the family Gracillariidae.-Species:*Phodoryctis caerulea *Phodoryctis dolichophila *Phodoryctis stephaniae Kumata & Kuroko, 1988*Phodoryctis thrypticosema...
Kumata & Kuroko, 1988 - PhrixoscelesPhrixoscelesPhrixosceles is a genus of moths in the family Gracillariidae.-Species:*Phrixosceles campsigrapha Meyrick, 1908*Phrixosceles fibulatrix Meyrick, 1922*Phrixosceles hydrocosma Meyrick, 1908*Phrixosceles literaria Meyrick, 1908...
Meyrick, 1908 - PleiomorphaPleiomorphaPleiomorpha is a genus of moths in the family Gracillariidae.-Species:*Pleiomorpha dystacta Vári, 1961*Pleiomorpha eumeces Vári, 1961*Pleiomorpha habrogramma Vári, 1961*Pleiomorpha homotypa Vári, 1961...
Vári, 1961 - PogonocephalaPogonocephalaPogonocephala is a genus of moths in the family Gracillariidae.-Species:*Pogonocephala heteropsis *Pogonocephala veneranda...
Vári, 1961 - PolydemaPolydemaPolydema is a genus of moths in the family Gracillariidae.-Species:*Polydema hormophora *Polydema vansoni Vári, 1961...
Vári, 1961 - PolymitiaPolymitiaPolymitia is a genus of moths in the family Gracillariidae.-Species:*Polymitia eximipalpella *Polymitia laristana Triberti, 1986...
Triberti, 1986 - PolysomaPolysomaPolysoma is a genus of moths in the family Gracillariidae.-Species:*Polysoma aenicta Vári, 1961*Polysoma clarki Vári, 1961*Polysoma eumetalla *Polysoma lithochrysa...
Vári, 1961 - PsydrocercopsPsydrocercopsPsydrocercops is a genus of moths in the family Gracillariidae....
Kumata & Kuroko, 1988 - SauterinaSauterinaSauterina is a genus of moths in the family Gracillariidae....
Kuznetzov, 1979 - SchedocercopsSchedocercopsSchedocercops is a genus of moths in the family Gracillariidae....
Vári, 1961 - SemnoceraSemnoceraSemnocera is a genus of moths in the family Gracillariidae....
Vári, 1961 - SpanioptilaSpanioptilaSpanioptila is a genus of moths in the family Gracillariidae.-Species:*Spanioptila codicaria Meyrick, 1920*Spanioptila eucnemis Walsingham, 1914*Spanioptila nemeseta Meyrick, 1920*Spanioptila spinosum Walsingham, 1897...
Walsingham, 1897 - SpulerinaSpulerinaSpulerina is a genus of moths in the family Gracillariidae.-Species:*Spulerina aphanosema Vári, 1961*Spulerina astaurota *Spulerina atactodesma Vári, 1961*Spulerina castaneae Kumata & Kuroko, 1988...
Vári, 1961 - StomphastisStomphastisStomphastis is a genus of moths in the family Gracillariidae.-Species:*Stomphastis adesa Triberti, 1988*Stomphastis aphrocyma *Stomphastis cardamitis *Stomphastis chalybacma...
Meyrick, 1912 - SynnymphaSynnymphaSynnympha is a genus of moths in the family Gracillariidae.-Species:*Synnympha diluviata Meyrick, 1915*Synnympha perfrenis Meyrick, 1920...
Meyrick, 1915 - SystoloneuraSystoloneuraSystoloneura is a genus of moths in the family Gracillariidae.-Species:*Systoloneura geometropis *Systoloneura randiae Vári, 1961...
Vári, 1961 - TelamoptiliaTelamoptiliaTelamoptilia is a genus of moths in the family Gracillariidae.-Species:*Telamoptilia cathedraea *Telamoptilia geyeri *Telamoptilia hemistacta *Telamoptilia prosacta...
Kumata & Kuroko, 1988
- Gracillaria
- LithocolletinaeLithocolletinaeLithocolletinae is a subfamily of insects in the family Gracillariidae.-Diversity and distribution:The subfamily includes 503 species assigned to seven to nine genera according to different authors...
Stainton, 1854- CamerariaCameraria (insect)Cameraria is a genus of moths in the family Gracillariidae, which includes many species of leaf miners. One of the best known species is the horse-chestnut leaf miner, Cameraria ohridella.-Species:*Cameraria acericola Kumata, 1963...
Chapman, 1902 - ChrysasterChrysasterChrysaster is a genus of moths in the family Gracillariidae.-Species:*Chrysaster hagicola Kumata, 1961*Chrysaster ostensackenella...
Kumata, 1961 - CremastobombyciaCremastobombyciaCremastobombycia is a genus of moths in the family Gracillariidae.-Species:*Cremastobombycia ambrosiaeella *Cremastobombycia grindeliella *Cremastobombycia ignota...
Braun, 1908 - HyloconisHyloconisHyloconis is a genus of moths in the family Gracillariidae.-Species:*Hyloconis desmodii Kumata, 1963*Hyloconis improvisella *Hyloconis lespedezae Kumata, 1963*Hyloconis puerariae Kumata, 1963...
Kumata, 1963 - MacrosaccusMacrosaccusMacrosaccus is a genus of moths in the family Gracillariidae.-Etymology:The generic name is derived from the ancient Greek μακρο- and σάκκος in reference to the elongate saccus in the male genitalia.-Species:...
Davis and De Prins, 2011 - NeolithocolletisNeolithocolletisNeolithocolletis is a genus of moths in the family Gracillariidae.-Species:*Neolithocolletis hikomonticola Kumata, 1963*Neolithocolletis kangarensis Kumata, 1993*Neolithocolletis pentadesma...
Kumata, 1963 - PhyllonorycterPhyllonorycterPhyllonorycter is a genus of moths in the family Gracillariidae.-Diversity:The genus comprises about 400 species, with a worldwide distribution. The vast majority of species are found in the temperate regions, with about 257 species described from the Palaearctic region and 81 from the Nearctic...
Hübner, 1822 - =Lithocolletis Hübner, 1825
- =Eucestis Hübner, 1825
- =Hirsuta Fletcher, 1929
- PorphyroselaPorphyroselaPorphyrosela is a genus of moths in the family Gracillariidae.-Species:*Porphyrosela aglaozona *Porphyrosela alternata Kumata, 1993*Porphyrosela desmodiella *Porphyrosela dismochrysa...
Braun, 1908 - ProtolithocolletisProtolithocolletisProtolithocolletis is a genus of moths in the family Gracillariidae....
Braun, 1929
- Cameraria
- Subfamily Oecophyllembiinae (disputed)
- AngelabellaAngelabellaAngelabella tecomae is a moth of the Gracillariidae family and only species in the Angelabella genus. It is known from Chile.The larvae feed on Tecoma fulva. They mine the leaves of their host plant. The final instar larva doesn’t feed, it only has the spinneret and labial palpus developed, while...
Vargas & Parra, 2005
- Angelabella
- Subfamily unassigned
- ChileoptiliaChileoptiliaChileoptilia yaroella is a moth of the Gracillariidae family. It is known from Chile.The larvae feed on Acacia macrantha. They feed on the flowers of their host plant. It lives inside the flowers, moving from one flower to the other. No mining stage was observed....
Vargas & Landry, 2005 - †GracillariitesGracillariitesGracillariites is an extinct genus of moth in the Gracillariidae family, which existed in what is now Lithuania during the Eocene period. It was described by Kozlov in 1987, and the type species is Gracillariites lithuanicus. It also contains the species Gracillariites mixtus....
Kozlov, 1987
- Chileoptilia
- Unplaced species
- "Ornix" blandella Müller-Rutz, 1920, this species was described from Switzerland. Larvae were recorded feeding on Salix. The present taxonomic status is unknown.
- "Gracilaria" confectellaGracilaria confectellaGracilaria confectella is a moth of the Gracillariidae family. It is known from Australia.-Taxonomy:The present taxonomic status of this species is unknown, it is known to be misplaced in the Gracilaria genus, but has not been assigned to another genus yet....
Walker, 1864 - "Gracilaria" delicatulellaGracilaria delicatulellaGracilaria delicatulella is a moth of the Gracillariidae family. It is known from Australia.-Taxonomy:The present taxonomic status of this species is unknown, it is known to be misplaced in the Gracilaria genus, but has not been assigned to another genus yet....
Walker, 1864 - "Phyllonorycter" fennicella Hering, 1924, this species was described from Finland. The larval hostplant is probably a Salix species. The present taxonomic status is unknown, but is probably a junior subjective synonym of Lithocolletis viminetorum or Lithocolletis salictella.
- "Lithocolletis" graeseriella Sorhagen, 1900, see PhyllonorycterPhyllonorycterPhyllonorycter is a genus of moths in the family Gracillariidae.-Diversity:The genus comprises about 400 species, with a worldwide distribution. The vast majority of species are found in the temperate regions, with about 257 species described from the Palaearctic region and 81 from the Nearctic...
- "Lithocolletis" italica Herrich-Schäffer, 1855, this species was described from Italy. The Present taxonomic status is unknown.
- "Ornix" jyngipennella Heydenreich, 1851, Nomen nudumNomen nudumThe phrase nomen nudum is a Latin term, meaning "naked name", used in taxonomy...
. - "Lithocolletis" lativitella Sorhagen, 1900, this species was described from Germany. Larvae were recorded feeding on Sorbus ariaSorbus ariaSorbus aria , the Whitebeam or Common Whitebeam is a deciduous tree, compact and domed, with few upswept branches; it generally favours dry limestone and chalk soils. The hermaphrodite cream-white flowers appear in May, are insect pollinated, and go on to produce scarlet berries, which are often...
and Pyrus scandinavica. The present taxonomic status is unknown. It might be a synonym of Tinea lantanella Schrank, 1802. - "Lithocolletis" norvegicella Strand, 1919, this species was described from Norway. The present taxonomic status is unknown.
- "Gracillaria" pistaciella Rondani, 1876, this species was described from Italy. Larvae were recorded feeding on Pistacia terebinthus.
- "Ornix" quercella Müller-Rutz, 1934, this species was described from Switzerland. Larvae were probably bred from a mine on a Quercus species. The present taxonomic status is unknown.
- "Phyllonorycter" sessilifoliella Hering, 1957, this species was recorded from southern France, where it was said to have been reared on a Quercus species. Nomen nudumNomen nudumThe phrase nomen nudum is a Latin term, meaning "naked name", used in taxonomy...
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External links
- Tree of Life
- Natural History Museum hosts database
- http://www.nhm.ac.uk/jdsml/research-curation/projects/butmoth/GenusList3.dsml?FAMILY=gracil&AUTHORqtype=starts+with&sort=GENUS&SUBTRIBEqtype=starts+with&YEARqtype=equals&beginIndex=0&GENUSqtype=starts+with&TRIBEqtype=starts+with&SUBFAMILYqtype=starts+with&FAMILYqtype=starts+with&searchPageURL=index%2edsml%3fFAMILY%3dgracil%26AUTHORqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26sort%3dGENUS%26SUBTRIBEqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26YEARqtype%3dequals%26beginIndex%3d120%26GENUSqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26TRIBEqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26SUBFAMILYqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26FAMILYqtype%3dstarts%2bwithNatural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database]
- Afrotropical Checklist
- Global Taxonomic Database of Gracillariidae (Lepidoptera)
- Fauna Europaea Gracillariidae
- Fauna Europaea : Experts
- Caloptilia azaleella, azalea leafminer on the UFUniversity of FloridaThe University of Florida is an American public land-grant, sea-grant, and space-grant research university located on a campus in Gainesville, Florida. The university traces its historical origins to 1853, and has operated continuously on its present Gainesville campus since September 1906...
/ IFASInstitute of Food and Agricultural SciencesThe University of Florida’s Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences is a federal-state-county partnership dedicated to developing knowledge in agriculture, human and natural resources, and the life sciences, and enhancing and sustaining the quality of human life by making that information...
Featured Creatures Web site - Marmara gulosa, citrus peelminer on the UFUniversity of FloridaThe University of Florida is an American public land-grant, sea-grant, and space-grant research university located on a campus in Gainesville, Florida. The university traces its historical origins to 1853, and has operated continuously on its present Gainesville campus since September 1906...
/ IFASInstitute of Food and Agricultural SciencesThe University of Florida’s Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences is a federal-state-county partnership dedicated to developing knowledge in agriculture, human and natural resources, and the life sciences, and enhancing and sustaining the quality of human life by making that information...
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