Gao Xie
Encyclopedia
Gao Xie was a notable Chinese
scholar, calligraphist, traditional painter
, publisher, poet
, writer
, and book collector.
, Shanghai
), to a wealthy family. Gao studied law in Shanghai.
Gao had a beautiful and famous villa
near Qinshan Hill (秦山) in Jinshan, named Xianxian Shanzhuang (閑閑山莊), and Huang Binhong
, a famous painter, even painted a Shan-Shui
(landscape painting) especially for it. The villa was destroyed during the Second Sino-Japanese War
when Japanese army
invaded Shanghai. Gao also had his own family press
, library
and a book-collecting chamber
named Chuiwan Chamber (吹萬樓) which stored more than 100,000 volumes. In his late years, Gao donated all his book collections to the Fudan University
Library in Shanghai. His rare collections included more than one thousand versions of Shi Jing
(詩經) from different periods in Chinese history, which was the largest at that time.
Gao's courtesy name
(zì) is Chuiwan (吹萬), and normally recorded as Gao Chuiwan (高吹萬, Pinyin: Gāo Chuī Wàn , Wade-Giles: Kao Ch`ui-Wan / Kao Chui-Wan ). He also used many art-name
s (hào) and pennames in his work including Hanyin (寒隱), Laorang (老攘), Huangtian (黃天), Baoweng (葩翁), Cishi (慈石), Shiruo (時若).
Gao was a leading figure of the South Society
which was the largest literature and poetry organization during the late Qing Dynasty
and the early period of the Republic of China
(ROC). Many of Gao's family members were involved in the founding and development of the society. Gao's relative Gao Xu
was one of the three co-founders of the society. Gao's nephew Yao Guang (姚光) and son Kao Chun-Hsiang (高君湘) were also active members of the society.
Gao's grandson
Charles K. Kao
was awarded the 2009 Nobel Prize in Physics
for his groundbreaking achievements concerning fiber-optic communication
. Gao's brother's son Ping-Tse Kao
was also a physicist, and the Kao Crater
on the moon
is named after him.
and Bird-and-flower painting
. In 1990s and 2000s, Gao's calligraphies and paintings has been shown in various antique auction
s in Shanghai
, Beijing
, Hangzhou
, and Hong Kong
and gained popularity.
Chinese people
The term Chinese people may refer to any of the following:*People with Han Chinese ethnicity ....
scholar, calligraphist, traditional painter
Chinese painting
Chinese painting is one of the oldest continuous artistic traditions in the world. The earliest paintings were not representational but ornamental; they consisted of patterns or designs rather than pictures. Early pottery was painted with spirals, zigzags, dots, or animals...
, publisher, poet
Poet
A poet is a person who writes poetry. A poet's work can be literal, meaning that his work is derived from a specific event, or metaphorical, meaning that his work can take on many meanings and forms. Poets have existed since antiquity, in nearly all languages, and have produced works that vary...
, writer
Writer
A writer is a person who produces literature, such as novels, short stories, plays, screenplays, poetry, or other literary art. Skilled writers are able to use language to portray ideas and images....
, and book collector.
Biography
Gao was born in Zhangyan Village (張堰鎮), Jinshan, Jiangsu Province (current Jinshan DistrictJinshan District
Jinshan District of Shanghai is neighbouring Zhejiang and near Hangzhou Bay. It has a land area of 586.14 km² and a population 536,900 as of 2001....
, Shanghai
Shanghai
Shanghai is the largest city by population in China and the largest city proper in the world. It is one of the four province-level municipalities in the People's Republic of China, with a total population of over 23 million as of 2010...
), to a wealthy family. Gao studied law in Shanghai.
Gao had a beautiful and famous villa
Villa
A villa was originally an ancient Roman upper-class country house. Since its origins in the Roman villa, the idea and function of a villa have evolved considerably. After the fall of the Roman Republic, villas became small farming compounds, which were increasingly fortified in Late Antiquity,...
near Qinshan Hill (秦山) in Jinshan, named Xianxian Shanzhuang (閑閑山莊), and Huang Binhong
Huang Binhong
Huáng Bīnhóng was a Chinese art historian and literati painter born in Jinhua in Zhejiang province. His ancestral home was She County in Anhui province. He was the grandson of artist Huang Fengliu. He would later be associated with Shanghai and finally Hangzhou...
, a famous painter, even painted a Shan-Shui
Shan shui
Shan shui refers to a style of Chinese painting that involves or depicts scenery or natural landscapes, using a brush and ink rather than more conventional paints. Mountains, rivers and often waterfalls are prominent in this art form.-History:...
(landscape painting) especially for it. The villa was destroyed during the Second Sino-Japanese War
Second Sino-Japanese War
The Second Sino-Japanese War was a military conflict fought primarily between the Republic of China and the Empire of Japan. From 1937 to 1941, China fought Japan with some economic help from Germany , the Soviet Union and the United States...
when Japanese army
Imperial Japanese Army
-Foundation:During the Meiji Restoration, the military forces loyal to the Emperor were samurai drawn primarily from the loyalist feudal domains of Satsuma and Chōshū...
invaded Shanghai. Gao also had his own family press
Publishing
Publishing is the process of production and dissemination of literature or information—the activity of making information available to the general public...
, library
Library
In a traditional sense, a library is a large collection of books, and can refer to the place in which the collection is housed. Today, the term can refer to any collection, including digital sources, resources, and services...
and a book-collecting chamber
Room
A room is any distinguishable space within a structure.Room may also refer to:* Room , by Emma Donoghue* Room, Nepal* Room for PlayStation Portable, a social networking service* Thomas Gerald Room , Australian mathematician...
named Chuiwan Chamber (吹萬樓) which stored more than 100,000 volumes. In his late years, Gao donated all his book collections to the Fudan University
Fudan University
Fudan University , located in Shanghai, is one of the oldest and most selective universities in China, and is a member of the C9 League. Its institutional predecessor was founded in 1905, shortly before the end of China's imperial Qing dynasty...
Library in Shanghai. His rare collections included more than one thousand versions of Shi Jing
Shi Jing
The Classic of Poetry , translated variously as the Book of Songs, the Book of Odes, and often known simply as its original name The Odes, is the earliest existing collection of Chinese poems and songs. It comprises 305 poems and songs, with many range from the 10th to the 7th centuries BC...
(詩經) from different periods in Chinese history, which was the largest at that time.
Gao's courtesy name
Chinese style name
A Chinese style name, sometimes also known as a courtesy name , is a given name to be used later in life. After 20 years of age, the zì is assigned in place of one's given name as a symbol of adulthood and respect...
(zì) is Chuiwan (吹萬), and normally recorded as Gao Chuiwan (高吹萬, Pinyin: Gāo Chuī Wàn , Wade-Giles: Kao Ch`ui-Wan / Kao Chui-Wan ). He also used many art-name
Art-name
An art-name is a pseudonym, or penname, used by an East Asian artist, which they sometimes change. The word and the idea to use a pseudonym originated from China, then became popular in other East Asian countries ....
s (hào) and pennames in his work including Hanyin (寒隱), Laorang (老攘), Huangtian (黃天), Baoweng (葩翁), Cishi (慈石), Shiruo (時若).
Gao was a leading figure of the South Society
South Society
The South Society , was the largest literature and poetry organization during the late Qing Dynasty China and the early period of the Republic of China....
which was the largest literature and poetry organization during the late Qing Dynasty
Qing Dynasty
The Qing Dynasty was the last dynasty of China, ruling from 1644 to 1912 with a brief, abortive restoration in 1917. It was preceded by the Ming Dynasty and followed by the Republic of China....
and the early period of the Republic of China
Republic of China
The Republic of China , commonly known as Taiwan , is a unitary sovereign state located in East Asia. Originally based in mainland China, the Republic of China currently governs the island of Taiwan , which forms over 99% of its current territory, as well as Penghu, Kinmen, Matsu and other minor...
(ROC). Many of Gao's family members were involved in the founding and development of the society. Gao's relative Gao Xu
Gao Xu
Gao Xu , was a Chinese poet, writer, revolutionary, political activist. Gao is one of the three founders of the South Society which was the largest organization of literature and poetry during the late Qing Dynasty China and the early period of the Republic of China...
was one of the three co-founders of the society. Gao's nephew Yao Guang (姚光) and son Kao Chun-Hsiang (高君湘) were also active members of the society.
Gao's grandson
Grandson
Grandson has multiple meanings:*Grandson *Grandson, Switzerland, a municipality in Switzerland*Grandson , a district in Switzerland...
Charles K. Kao
Charles K. Kao
The Honorable Sir Charles Kuen Kao, GBM, KBE, FRS, FREng is a pioneer in the development and use of fiber optics in telecommunications...
was awarded the 2009 Nobel Prize in Physics
Nobel Prize in Physics
The Nobel Prize in Physics is awarded once a year by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. It is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the will of Alfred Nobel in 1895 and awarded since 1901; the others are the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize in Literature, Nobel Peace Prize, and...
for his groundbreaking achievements concerning fiber-optic communication
Fiber-optic communication
Fiber-optic communication is a method of transmitting information from one place to another by sending pulses of light through an optical fiber. The light forms an electromagnetic carrier wave that is modulated to carry information...
. Gao's brother's son Ping-Tse Kao
Ping-Tse Kao
Ping-Tse Kao was a Chinese astronomer. He was entirely self-taught in this field. The crater Kao on the Moon is named in his honor....
was also a physicist, and the Kao Crater
Kao (crater)
Kao is a small lunar crater that is located near the eastern limb of the Moon. It lies near the southern edge of the Mare Smythii, a lunar mare that continues onto the far side of the surface. This crater lies to the east-southeast of the crater Widmannstätten...
on the moon
Moon
The Moon is Earth's only known natural satellite,There are a number of near-Earth asteroids including 3753 Cruithne that are co-orbital with Earth: their orbits bring them close to Earth for periods of time but then alter in the long term . These are quasi-satellites and not true moons. For more...
is named after him.
Art
Gao was an accomplished artist and were especially good at calligraphyEast Asian calligraphy
East Asian calligraphy is a form of calligraphy widely practised and revered in the Sinosphere. This most often includes China, Japan, Korea, and Vietnam. The East Asian calligraphic tradition originated and developed from China. There is a general standardization of the various styles of...
and Bird-and-flower painting
Bird-and-flower painting
Bird-and-flower painting is a kind of Chinese painting named after its subject matter. Normally, most bird-and-flower paintings belong to the scholar-artist style of Chinese painting....
. In 1990s and 2000s, Gao's calligraphies and paintings has been shown in various antique auction
Auction
An auction is a process of buying and selling goods or services by offering them up for bid, taking bids, and then selling the item to the highest bidder...
s in Shanghai
Shanghai
Shanghai is the largest city by population in China and the largest city proper in the world. It is one of the four province-level municipalities in the People's Republic of China, with a total population of over 23 million as of 2010...
, Beijing
Beijing
Beijing , also known as Peking , is the capital of the People's Republic of China and one of the most populous cities in the world, with a population of 19,612,368 as of 2010. The city is the country's political, cultural, and educational center, and home to the headquarters for most of China's...
, Hangzhou
Hangzhou
Hangzhou , formerly transliterated as Hangchow, is the capital and largest city of Zhejiang Province in Eastern China. Governed as a sub-provincial city, and as of 2010, its entire administrative division or prefecture had a registered population of 8.7 million people...
, and Hong Kong
Hong Kong
Hong Kong is one of two Special Administrative Regions of the People's Republic of China , the other being Macau. A city-state situated on China's south coast and enclosed by the Pearl River Delta and South China Sea, it is renowned for its expansive skyline and deep natural harbour...
and gained popularity.
Selected publications
- Collection of Gao Xie (《高燮集》); Renmin University Press, 1999-08-01; ISBN 7300029426.
- Literal Collection of the Chuiwan Chamber (Chui wan lou wen ji, 《吹萬樓文集》), published in 1941 by Gao Chuiwan's family press, now an antique collection of the National Library of AustraliaNational Library of AustraliaThe National Library of Australia is the largest reference library of Australia, responsible under the terms of the National Library Act for "maintaining and developing a national collection of library material, including a comprehensive collection of library material relating to Australia and the...
. - A rearranged version and collection of Juemin Magazine, by Gao Xie, Gao XuGao XuGao Xu , was a Chinese poet, writer, revolutionary, political activist. Gao is one of the three founders of the South Society which was the largest organization of literature and poetry during the late Qing Dynasty China and the early period of the Republic of China...
, and Gao Zeng (高增); republished by the Social Sciences Academic Press, BeijingBeijingBeijing , also known as Peking , is the capital of the People's Republic of China and one of the most populous cities in the world, with a population of 19,612,368 as of 2010. The city is the country's political, cultural, and educational center, and home to the headquarters for most of China's...
, 1991; collection of the National Library of Australia.
See also
- South SocietySouth SocietyThe South Society , was the largest literature and poetry organization during the late Qing Dynasty China and the early period of the Republic of China....
, the largest literature society during the late Qing and early ROC periods. - Gao XuGao XuGao Xu , was a Chinese poet, writer, revolutionary, political activist. Gao is one of the three founders of the South Society which was the largest organization of literature and poetry during the late Qing Dynasty China and the early period of the Republic of China...
, Gao Xie's relative and one of the three founders of South Society. - Charles K. KaoCharles K. KaoThe Honorable Sir Charles Kuen Kao, GBM, KBE, FRS, FREng is a pioneer in the development and use of fiber optics in telecommunications...
, Gao's grandson and the Nobel Prize Laureate in Physics in 2009. - Ping-Tse KaoPing-Tse KaoPing-Tse Kao was a Chinese astronomer. He was entirely self-taught in this field. The crater Kao on the Moon is named in his honor....
, Gao's brother's son, pioneer of modern Chinese astronomyAstronomyAstronomy is a natural science that deals with the study of celestial objects and phenomena that originate outside the atmosphere of Earth...
.
External links
- Rao E and Gao Chuiwan; It's about the friendship and stories between Rao and Gao (Rao was father of sinologist Rao ZongyiRao ZongyiJao Tsung-I is a Chinese scholar, poet, calligrapher and painter. A versatile scholar, he contributes to every field of humanities, including archaeology, literature, philology, musicology and history. Currently he lives in Hong Kong. He has two daughters....
). - 高燮诗学思想与诗歌创作初探 (The Preliminary Study of Gao Xie's Poetic Thought and Poetic Creation).
- The Archives of Shanghai Government: Brief biography of Gao Xie.