Fulneck Moravian Church
Encyclopedia
Fulneck Moravian Church and its associated settlement were established on the Fulneck estate, Pudsey
, in the West Riding of Yorkshire
, England
, in 1744 by Count Nicolaus Ludwig von Zinzendorf, a Moravian Bishop and Lutheran priest, following a donation of land by the evangelical Anglican clergyman, Benjamin Ingham
. Fulneck is now part of the City of Leeds
, West Yorkshire
.
, London
. With this Society were associated for a while John Wesley
and his brother Charles
.
In Yorkshire, Benjamin Ingham, the Vicar of Ossett
, an evangelical priest of the Church of England
, had created many small groups of fervent Christians. Unable to support them all himself, he sought help from the Moravians. Br John Toeltschig from Herrnhut
on Zinzendorf’s estates in Saxony visited Ingham in November 1739 but it was not until 26 May 1742 that the Moravian Bishop Spangenberg
, having consulted the Fetter Lane Society
, agreed to establish a ‘Yorkshire Congregation’ for this work. In July 1742, the Moravians established a headquarters at Smith House, a farmhouse near Halifax
. A Moravian family by the name of Gussenbauer were sent to work in Pudsey and took up residence at Bankhouse at the western end of the Falneck ridge. In February 1743, Zinzendorf arrived in Yorkshire and went to see the Gussenbauers as their child was seriously ill. Impressed by the vista from Falneck, he decided to build a settlement there on the model of the one established at Herrnhaag
in the Wetterau
in west-central Germany
. Ingham obliged by buying the estate and donating part of it to them for building.
, ie, the Lamb of God and the City Set Upon a Hill. This name was used between 1744 and 1749. From 1750 until 1763 the settlement was known as Grace Hall but after that the name Fulneck was adopted. This was partly because it was similar to the estate’s original English name, Falneck or Falnake (a contraction of ‘Fallen Oak’) but also as a tribute to Bishop John Amos Comenius
, who had ministered to the Bohemian Brethren in Fulnek
, Moravia
, during the Counter Reformation. In 1661, Comenius had commended the dying Unitas Fratrum to the care of King Charles II
and the Church of England in his ‘Exhortation of the Churches of Bohemia to the Church of England’.
The building followed a style that was then typical of the Moravians. There was no clear distinction between residential accommodation for congregation labourers and the chapel. Rather, a hall in the centre of the residence served as a space for communal worship. The hall occupied the central part of the first and second floors of the building and was distinguished by a single row of tall windows. The natural lighting, furnishing and decor of the hall have been described as giving a ‘lightness of touch’ and a ‘sense of rest and stillness’ while ‘the organ’s exuberant fretwork case increased the elegance’.
The hall had no altar, font or pulpit. The leader of worship sat behind a table, flanked by his fellow pastoral workers. The congregation sat in their choirs, with the sexes separated and sitting adjacent to the entrances from their single choir houses.
Benjamin Ingham disapproved of the imposing buildings, describing them as ‘finer than my Lord Huntingdon’s
house’. Podmore ascribes this grandeur to Zinzendorf’s aristocratic sense of style and notes that the buildings attracted a stream of distinguished visitors including ‘gentry, baronets, peers, MPs and the Dean of Carlisle’.
Moravian historian Peter Zimmerling of Leipzig says that Moravian settlements were deliberately built on a grand scale with stately public buildings because they were to indicate that these "towns of the Lord" were noble in their purpose, serving as way-stations for the Moravian missionaries and evangelists and supporting their work and sending them out.
and Russia
. In 1754, Br Charlesworth was also able to effect a reconciliation between Count Zinzendorf and Benjamin Ingham, the former owner of the Fulneck estate.
The burial ground or God's Acre
stands at the eastern end of the terrace. This also was laid out with elegance and simplicity with the ground, beyond a white triumphal entrance arch, divided into four squares. People were buried in their choir houses rather than together as families. There was one body in each grave. Equality even in death was marked by all occupants having a small and standard gravestone, lying flat on the earth, showing just name and dates. In 1751 the Fulneck elders noted that their ‘beautiful burial ground was often the reason for deathbed requests for reception’ into the Moravian Church . The funeral of a single sister in 1751 involved a procession led by the band of musicians, then the Minister and pastoral labourers, with the Single Sisters’ Labouress dressed entirely in white, the coffin carried by eight single brethren’s labourers, the sisters and then finally the brethren. At dawn
on Easter Sunday, the congregation would gather in God’s Acre to process around the graves with music to celebrate the Resurrection and remember their faithful departed. In 1753, this service attracted a massive crowd of some 10,000 which proved difficult to manage; and so the elders chose to cancel the procession in 1754.
(1771–1854), whose father had been converted by the evangelist John Cennick
and became a Moravian minister.
or Gnadenfeld for training. In 1858 the British Provincial Synod decided that a theological college had become essential and so a new one was opened at Fulneck in October 1860. This college was also given the task of training teachers for Moravian Schools. Br John England was appointed as its principal. The college took occupation of the Single Brothers’ House. The Fulneck Seminary was transferred to Fairfield Moravian Settlement in Lancashire in 1875 as a result of a decision by the 1874 Provincial Synod . This was so that the Seminary could benefit from a relationship with Owen’s College (later the Victoria University of Manchester
).
On 30 March 1912, the first Yorkshire Moravian Choir Festival was held at Fulneck. Around the same time, the Fulneck organist, Br C S Nelson, retired after forty-seven years of service. With his brother and father before him, this family had provided the Settlement with organ music for ninety-two years. In the last decades of the 20th century Harold Jones ARCO, LRAM , also Music Master at Fulneck School
, served as organist for an extended period; some of his musical settings are to be found in the Moravian Hymn Book.
The church has a pipe organ by John Snetzler
dating from 1748 with work from J J Binns 1930; details from the National Pipe Organ Register can be found in the External Links section below. On the first Thursday of each month (the second Thursday in January) at 11.00 am Fulneck Resident Dr Simon Lindley
gives a recital on this fine instrument and a retiring collection is taken in aid of church funds. Dr Lindley also conducts and directs a special weekend of music in Fulneck Church on the weekend before the late August Bank Holiday; in 2010, the complete Coronation Anthems
by Handel
along with the same composer's Anthem
on the Peace of 1749 and the Suite
for Flute
and Strings by Bach
were presented on Monday 30 August by the Saint Peters Singers of Leeds, St Peter's Chamber Orchestra and Soloists. On Monday 28 August 2011 the Mass in B minor will be given at 3.00 pm, for the first time ever within the boundaries of the borough
of Pudsey
.
More details of external links showing other listed buildings in the settlement can be found on the Fulneck Moravian Settlement
page.
Pudsey
Pudsey is a market town in West Yorkshire, England. Once an independent town, it was incorporated into the metropolitan borough of the City of Leeds in 1974, and is located midway between Bradford and Leeds city centres. It has a population of 32,391....
, in the West Riding of Yorkshire
West Riding of Yorkshire
The West Riding of Yorkshire is one of the three historic subdivisions of Yorkshire, England. From 1889 to 1974 the administrative county, County of York, West Riding , was based closely on the historic boundaries...
, England
England
England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west, with the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south separating it from continental...
, in 1744 by Count Nicolaus Ludwig von Zinzendorf, a Moravian Bishop and Lutheran priest, following a donation of land by the evangelical Anglican clergyman, Benjamin Ingham
Benjamin Ingham
Benjamin Ingham , was born and raised in the Yorkshire and Humber region of England. He earned his B.A. degree from Oxford, and was ordained at age 23. Methodist connections from Oxford led to a colonial mission in America where he developed a keen interest in the Moravian church from fellow...
. Fulneck is now part of the City of Leeds
City of Leeds
The City of Leeds is a local government district of West Yorkshire, England, governed by Leeds City Council, with the status of a city and metropolitan borough. The metropolitan district includes Leeds and the towns of Farsley, Garforth, Guiseley, Horsforth, Morley, Otley, Pudsey, Rothwell,...
, West Yorkshire
West Yorkshire
West Yorkshire is a metropolitan county within the Yorkshire and the Humber region of England with a population of 2.2 million. West Yorkshire came into existence as a metropolitan county in 1974 after the passage of the Local Government Act 1972....
.
Foundation
Representatives of the Moravian Church, descended from the Bohemian Brethren’s Church of 1457 and renewed in 1722 in Saxony under the leadership of Count Nicolaus Ludwig von Zinzendorf, first came to England in 1728 and 1734 to establish good relations with the Church of England and to help organise missionary work in the American colonies. In 1738, a Moravian Society was established at Fetter LaneFetter Lane
Fetter Lane is a street in the ward of Farringdon Without in London England. It runs from Fleet Street in the south to Holborn in the north.The earliest mention of the street is "faitereslane" in 1312. The name occurs with several spellings until it settles down about 1612. There is no agreement...
, London
London
London is the capital city of :England and the :United Kingdom, the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom, and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures. Located on the River Thames, London has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history going back to its...
. With this Society were associated for a while John Wesley
John Wesley
John Wesley was a Church of England cleric and Christian theologian. Wesley is largely credited, along with his brother Charles Wesley, as founding the Methodist movement which began when he took to open-air preaching in a similar manner to George Whitefield...
and his brother Charles
Charles Wesley
Charles Wesley was an English leader of the Methodist movement, son of Anglican clergyman and poet Samuel Wesley, the younger brother of Anglican clergyman John Wesley and Anglican clergyman Samuel Wesley , and father of musician Samuel Wesley, and grandfather of musician Samuel Sebastian Wesley...
.
In Yorkshire, Benjamin Ingham, the Vicar of Ossett
Ossett
Ossett is a market town within the metropolitan borough of the City of Wakefield, in West Yorkshire, England. It is located on junction 40 of the M1 motorway, half-way between Dewsbury, to the west, and Wakefield, to the east. In the 2001 census, it was classified as part of the West Yorkshire...
, an evangelical priest of the Church of England
Church of England
The Church of England is the officially established Christian church in England and the Mother Church of the worldwide Anglican Communion. The church considers itself within the tradition of Western Christianity and dates its formal establishment principally to the mission to England by St...
, had created many small groups of fervent Christians. Unable to support them all himself, he sought help from the Moravians. Br John Toeltschig from Herrnhut
Herrnhut
Herrnhut is a municipality in the district of Görlitz, in the Free State of Saxony, Germany.It has access to Bundesstraße 178 between Löbau and Zittau...
on Zinzendorf’s estates in Saxony visited Ingham in November 1739 but it was not until 26 May 1742 that the Moravian Bishop Spangenberg
Spangenberg
- Geography :Spangenberg lies in the Schwalm-Eder district some 35 km southeast of Kassel, west of the Stölzinger Gebirge, a low mountain range. Spangenberg is the demographical centrepoint of Germany.- History :...
, having consulted the Fetter Lane Society
Fetter Lane Society
The Fetter Lane Society was the first flowering of the Moravian church in the UK, and an important precursor to Methodism. It is part of the British Province of the Moravian Church.-History:...
, agreed to establish a ‘Yorkshire Congregation’ for this work. In July 1742, the Moravians established a headquarters at Smith House, a farmhouse near Halifax
Halifax, West Yorkshire
Halifax is a minster town, within the Metropolitan Borough of Calderdale in West Yorkshire, England. It has an urban area population of 82,056 in the 2001 Census. It is well-known as a centre of England's woollen manufacture from the 15th century onward, originally dealing through the Halifax Piece...
. A Moravian family by the name of Gussenbauer were sent to work in Pudsey and took up residence at Bankhouse at the western end of the Falneck ridge. In February 1743, Zinzendorf arrived in Yorkshire and went to see the Gussenbauers as their child was seriously ill. Impressed by the vista from Falneck, he decided to build a settlement there on the model of the one established at Herrnhaag
Herrnhaag
Herrnhaag was a communal spiritual centre for the Moravian Unity, an early form of Protestantism. It and Marienborn, a nearby sister community, are located in the Wetterau, an area of Hesse, north of Frankfurt am Main in Germany....
in the Wetterau
Wetterau
The Wetterau is a fertile undulating tract, watered by the Wetter, a tributary of the Nidda River, in the western German state of Hesse, between the hilly province Oberhessen and the north-western Taunus mountains....
in west-central Germany
Germany
Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...
. Ingham obliged by buying the estate and donating part of it to them for building.
Name of the settlement
The Moravians originally called Fulneck ‘Lamb’s Hill’, which referred to two aspects of the Book of RevelationBook of Revelation
The Book of Revelation is the final book of the New Testament. The title came into usage from the first word of the book in Koine Greek: apokalupsis, meaning "unveiling" or "revelation"...
, ie, the Lamb of God and the City Set Upon a Hill. This name was used between 1744 and 1749. From 1750 until 1763 the settlement was known as Grace Hall but after that the name Fulneck was adopted. This was partly because it was similar to the estate’s original English name, Falneck or Falnake (a contraction of ‘Fallen Oak’) but also as a tribute to Bishop John Amos Comenius
Comenius
John Amos Comenius ; ; Latinized: Iohannes Amos Comenius) was a Czech teacher, educator, and writer. He served as the last bishop of Unity of the Brethren, and became a religious refugee and one of the earliest champions of universal education, a concept eventually set forth in his book Didactica...
, who had ministered to the Bohemian Brethren in Fulnek
Fulnek
----Fulnek is a town in the Moravian-Silesian Region, Czech Republic, about 30 km south from Opava.- People :People from Fulnek include:* Leopold Ritter von Dittel , urologist, worked in Austria...
, Moravia
Moravia
Moravia is a historical region in Central Europe in the east of the Czech Republic, and one of the former Czech lands, together with Bohemia and Silesia. It takes its name from the Morava River which rises in the northwest of the region...
, during the Counter Reformation. In 1661, Comenius had commended the dying Unitas Fratrum to the care of King Charles II
Charles II of England
Charles II was monarch of the three kingdoms of England, Scotland, and Ireland.Charles II's father, King Charles I, was executed at Whitehall on 30 January 1649, at the climax of the English Civil War...
and the Church of England in his ‘Exhortation of the Churches of Bohemia to the Church of England’.
Moravian settlement system
In the eighteenth century, the Moravian Church had settlements which were largely self-contained communities. The settlements usually had a chapel, a Single Brethren’s House, a Single Sisters’ House, a Widows’ House, schools and an inn. Single members would live, work and worship together in their communal Houses. A settlement might have its own doctor, bakery, shop, farm, shoe makers, glove makers and carpenters. These businesses – for the common good rather than private profit – were known as ‘diaconies’. The congregation was organised into Choirs, eg, the Married Choir, the Single Sisters’ Choir, the Great Girls’ Choir and the Little Girls’ Choir, each of which was a sub-community serving Christ in its own way.Building the settlement
The settlement was built on land given to the Moravians by Benjamin Ingham. The land was acquired in January 1744 and the decision to build there was taken in May 1745. Building of the Congregation House, known as ‘Grace Hall’ and which included the chapel, began in 1746. The edifice was consecrated in 2 June 1748.The building followed a style that was then typical of the Moravians. There was no clear distinction between residential accommodation for congregation labourers and the chapel. Rather, a hall in the centre of the residence served as a space for communal worship. The hall occupied the central part of the first and second floors of the building and was distinguished by a single row of tall windows. The natural lighting, furnishing and decor of the hall have been described as giving a ‘lightness of touch’ and a ‘sense of rest and stillness’ while ‘the organ’s exuberant fretwork case increased the elegance’.
The hall had no altar, font or pulpit. The leader of worship sat behind a table, flanked by his fellow pastoral workers. The congregation sat in their choirs, with the sexes separated and sitting adjacent to the entrances from their single choir houses.
Benjamin Ingham disapproved of the imposing buildings, describing them as ‘finer than my Lord Huntingdon’s
Selina Hastings, Countess of Huntingdon
Selina, Countess of Huntingdon was an English religious leader who played a prominent part in the religious revival of the 18th century and the Methodist movement in England and Wales, and has left a Christian denomination in England and Sierra Leone.-Early life:Selina Hastings was born as Lady...
house’. Podmore ascribes this grandeur to Zinzendorf’s aristocratic sense of style and notes that the buildings attracted a stream of distinguished visitors including ‘gentry, baronets, peers, MPs and the Dean of Carlisle’.
Moravian historian Peter Zimmerling of Leipzig says that Moravian settlements were deliberately built on a grand scale with stately public buildings because they were to indicate that these "towns of the Lord" were noble in their purpose, serving as way-stations for the Moravian missionaries and evangelists and supporting their work and sending them out.
Choir Houses
A number of brethren’s and sisters’ houses were quickly established at Fulneck; and in 1752, two great choir houses were built. At the west end of the quarter-mile long terrace stood the Single Brethren’s House and at the east end the Single Sisters’ House. These also had recreational gardens that ran down the slope in front of the terrace. The front door of these choir houses opened into a dining room. A central staircase led up to the first floor, where there was a choir hall for meetings. The first and second floor had a number of work and living rooms. The third floor consisted of a single open-plan dormitory. ‘The spirit of these houses was of cleanliness and order, of work and godly conversation, of frugal living in surroundings of some grandeur, and above all of stillness’. The building of a Widows’ House followed in 1763, then a shop and inn in 1771 and a cupola was added to the church in 1779. In 1754 between eighty and ninety people occupied the choir houses.Br James Charlesworth
The warden of the Single Brethren’s Choir at Fulneck in 1751, James Charlesworth, was a ‘man of superior business ability’ who succeeded in raising money to help stave off the bankruptcy of the whole Moravian Church in the face of its burgeoning missionary work. Br Charlesworth had developed a cloth weaving business for the benefit of the church and traded with PortugalPortugal
Portugal , officially the Portuguese Republic is a country situated in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Portugal is the westernmost country of Europe, and is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the West and South and by Spain to the North and East. The Atlantic archipelagos of the...
and Russia
Russia
Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
. In 1754, Br Charlesworth was also able to effect a reconciliation between Count Zinzendorf and Benjamin Ingham, the former owner of the Fulneck estate.
God’s Acre
God's Acre
God's Acre is an ancient Germanic designation for a burial ground. In his poem "God's-Acre," Henry Wadsworth Longfellow attributes the term to ancient Saxons.-In Christianity:...
stands at the eastern end of the terrace. This also was laid out with elegance and simplicity with the ground, beyond a white triumphal entrance arch, divided into four squares. People were buried in their choir houses rather than together as families. There was one body in each grave. Equality even in death was marked by all occupants having a small and standard gravestone, lying flat on the earth, showing just name and dates. In 1751 the Fulneck elders noted that their ‘beautiful burial ground was often the reason for deathbed requests for reception’ into the Moravian Church . The funeral of a single sister in 1751 involved a procession led by the band of musicians, then the Minister and pastoral labourers, with the Single Sisters’ Labouress dressed entirely in white, the coffin carried by eight single brethren’s labourers, the sisters and then finally the brethren. At dawn
Sunrise service
Sunrise service is a worship service on Easter. It takes the place of the Roman Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, Anglican, and Lutheran tradition of the Easter Vigil, and is practised mainly by Protestant churches...
on Easter Sunday, the congregation would gather in God’s Acre to process around the graves with music to celebrate the Resurrection and remember their faithful departed. In 1753, this service attracted a massive crowd of some 10,000 which proved difficult to manage; and so the elders chose to cancel the procession in 1754.
Schools
Boarding schools were opened at Fulneck in 1753 for boys and 1755 for girls. The two schools merged in 1994. A new boys’ school building was erected in 1784. A notable student of Fulneck School was the hymn writer James MontgomeryJames Montgomery
James Montgomery was a British editor, hymnwriter and poet. He was particularly associated with humanitarian causes such as the campaigns to abolish slavery and to end the exploitation of child chimney sweeps....
(1771–1854), whose father had been converted by the evangelist John Cennick
John Cennick
John Cennick was an early Methodist and Moravian evangelist and hymnwriter. He was born in Reading, Berkshire, England to an Anglican family and raised in the Church of England....
and became a Moravian minister.
Theological college
On 12 October, 1808, a theological seminary was established in the Brethren’s House at Fulneck. The principal was Henry Steinhauer and there were five students. Before then, candidates for ordained ministry had to attend schools in Germany for training. Br John Hartley, the Head of the Schools at Fulneck, had made a proposal in 1795 at a provincial conference in Fulneck for the school to provide ‘collegiate studies’ for future Ministers. However, this was pronounced to be impracticable by Bishop Samuel Liebisch from the Unity Elders’ Conference. Br Liebisch’s pessimism seemed justified when the Fulneck seminary had to be closed in 1828. Ordinands then had to go again to NieskyNiesky
Niesky is a small town in Upper Lusatia in eastern the Free State of Saxony, Germany. It has a population of about 11,000 and is part of the district of Görlitz....
or Gnadenfeld for training. In 1858 the British Provincial Synod decided that a theological college had become essential and so a new one was opened at Fulneck in October 1860. This college was also given the task of training teachers for Moravian Schools. Br John England was appointed as its principal. The college took occupation of the Single Brothers’ House. The Fulneck Seminary was transferred to Fairfield Moravian Settlement in Lancashire in 1875 as a result of a decision by the 1874 Provincial Synod . This was so that the Seminary could benefit from a relationship with Owen’s College (later the Victoria University of Manchester
Victoria University of Manchester
The Victoria University of Manchester was a university in Manchester, England. On 1 October 2004 it merged with the University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology to form a new entity, "The University of Manchester".-1851 - 1951:The University was founded in 1851 as Owens College,...
).
Music
As noted above, Fulneck was like the continental Moravian churches in having bands of musicians in the eighteenth century, eg, trombone players who would anticipate the trumpet sound of the general resurrection in the Easter dawn services. This is a tradition which has survived in the Moravian Congregations in Germany, the Netherlands and Denmark as well as the United States but not in England.On 30 March 1912, the first Yorkshire Moravian Choir Festival was held at Fulneck. Around the same time, the Fulneck organist, Br C S Nelson, retired after forty-seven years of service. With his brother and father before him, this family had provided the Settlement with organ music for ninety-two years. In the last decades of the 20th century Harold Jones ARCO, LRAM , also Music Master at Fulneck School
Fulneck School
Fulneck school is a small, independent boarding school, situated in the Fulneck Moravian Settlement, in Pudsey, West Yorkshire, England. It provides education for pupils between the ages of 3 and 18.-History:...
, served as organist for an extended period; some of his musical settings are to be found in the Moravian Hymn Book.
The church has a pipe organ by John Snetzler
John Snetzler
John Snetzler was an organ builder of Swiss origin who worked mostly in England.He was born in Schaffhausen, in 1710 and died in Schaffhausen, 28 September 1785...
dating from 1748 with work from J J Binns 1930; details from the National Pipe Organ Register can be found in the External Links section below. On the first Thursday of each month (the second Thursday in January) at 11.00 am Fulneck Resident Dr Simon Lindley
Simon Lindley
Simon Lindley is a British organist, choirmaster, conductor and composer. He has been organist at Leeds Town Hall since 1976 and Master of the Music and organist of Leeds Parish Church since 1975. Senior Lecturer in Music at Leeds Polytechnic from 1976 to 1987, Lindley held the post of Senior...
gives a recital on this fine instrument and a retiring collection is taken in aid of church funds. Dr Lindley also conducts and directs a special weekend of music in Fulneck Church on the weekend before the late August Bank Holiday; in 2010, the complete Coronation Anthems
Coronation Anthems
The Coronation Anthems are four anthems composed by George Frideric Handel using texts from the King James Bible, to be played at the coronation of the British monarch. They are Zadok the Priest , My Heart Is Inditing , The King Shall Rejoice and Let Thy Hand Be Strengthened...
by Handel
HANDEL
HANDEL was the code-name for the UK's National Attack Warning System in the Cold War. It consisted of a small console consisting of two microphones, lights and gauges. The reason behind this was to provide a back-up if anything failed....
along with the same composer's Anthem
Anthem
The term anthem means either a specific form of Anglican church music , or more generally, a song of celebration, usually acting as a symbol for a distinct group of people, as in the term "national anthem" or "sports anthem".-Etymology:The word is derived from the Greek via Old English , a word...
on the Peace of 1749 and the Suite
Suite
In music, a suite is an ordered set of instrumental or orchestral pieces normally performed in a concert setting rather than as accompaniment; they may be extracts from an opera, ballet , or incidental music to a play or film , or they may be entirely original movements .In the...
for Flute
Flute
The flute is a musical instrument of the woodwind family. Unlike woodwind instruments with reeds, a flute is an aerophone or reedless wind instrument that produces its sound from the flow of air across an opening...
and Strings by Bach
Bạch
Bạch is a Vietnamese surname. The name is transliterated as Bai in Chinese and Baek, in Korean.Bach is the anglicized variation of the surname Bạch.-Notable people with the surname Bạch:* Bạch Liêu...
were presented on Monday 30 August by the Saint Peters Singers of Leeds, St Peter's Chamber Orchestra and Soloists. On Monday 28 August 2011 the Mass in B minor will be given at 3.00 pm, for the first time ever within the boundaries of the borough
Borough
A borough is an administrative division in various countries. In principle, the term borough designates a self-governing township although, in practice, official use of the term varies widely....
of Pudsey
Pudsey
Pudsey is a market town in West Yorkshire, England. Once an independent town, it was incorporated into the metropolitan borough of the City of Leeds in 1974, and is located midway between Bradford and Leeds city centres. It has a population of 32,391....
.
Buildings
Fulneck Moravian Church is a Grade I listed building.More details of external links showing other listed buildings in the settlement can be found on the Fulneck Moravian Settlement
Fulneck Moravian Settlement
Fulneck Moravian Settlement is a village in Pudsey in the City of Leeds metropolitan borough, West Yorkshire, England. It was established in 1744. It is named after Fulneck , the German name of a town in Northern Moravia, Czech Republic....
page.
External links
- http://www.moravian.org.uk/pages/congregations/fulneck.html
- http://www.fulneckschool.co.uk
- http://www.calverley.info/rayner_fulneck.htm
- http://www.imagesofengland.org.uk/Details/Default.aspx?id=341893&mode=quick
- http://www.npor.org.uk/cgi-bin/Rsearch.cgi?Fn=Rsearch&rec_index=R00791