Frank E. Loy
Encyclopedia
Frank E. Loy is an American diplomat, business and nonprofit executive, and attorney. He is best known for serving as United States Under Secretary of State for Global Affairs from November 2, 1998 to January 20, 2001, under President Bill Clinton
. In that position, he was the chief United States negotiator for issues such as climate change
and trade on genetically modified agricultural products.
He has been senior vice president for international affairs at Pan American Airways, president of the German Marshall Fund of the United States, president of the Penn Central Corporation, and an attorney with O’Melveny & Myers.
, Italy
and Switzerland
in his early years, Loy went to public schools in Los Angeles
from the age of 10. He earned a B.A. degree at the University of California, Los Angeles
and an LL.B. at Harvard Law School
. Following law school, he served for 21 months in the United States Army
.
He lives in Washington, D.C.
with his wife, Dale Haven Loy, a painter, and is the father of two children. They have three grandchildren.
during the period 1970-1973.
He spent the years 1974 to 1979 in the successful effort to bring the Penn Central Transportation Company out of bankruptcy. He served under contract, as president of the subsidiary that operated all the non-railroad businesses of the bankrupt company, including, among others, an oil pipeline, and oil refinery
, the operator of the Six Flags
theme parks, Arvida
,and the Florida land development company . Mr Loy also oversaw operations of Realty Hotels an arm of Penn-Central which owned the Roosevelt
, Biltmore
(now an office buildind named 335 Madison Avenue), Barclay
(now Intercontinental), and Commodore Hotel ( now The Grand Hyatt) in New York City
. When the bankruptcy terminated he became the President of the successor company, the Penn Central Corporation, listed on the New York Stock Exchange
.
and as Director of that agency's Office of Policy Development, which was that agency's first economic analysis planning shop.
From 1965-1970 he entered the State Department
for the first time, serving as Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for Economic Affairs. In that role he negotiated numerous international bilateral air transport agreements, represented the U.S. at meetings of international organizations such as ICAO and IMCO
, and was vice-chair of the U.S. delegation to the multinational negotiations that successfully created the present structure of INTELSAT
, the organization that operates the space segments of the international communications network.
From 1980 to 1981 he served as the Director of the State Department's Bureau of Refugee Programs
, with the personal rank of Ambassador
.
He served as co-chair—with Robert Shapiro
, CEO of Monsanto Corporation -- of the Trade and Environment Policy Advisory Committee to the United States Trade Representative
, Ambassador Charlene Barshevsky.
, an American grant making institution with an annual budget of over $10 million and a capital fund of about $200 million. It is the only American foundation concentrating exclusively on issues affecting both Europe and the U.S., particularly in the fields of economics, politics and the environment. The Fund is also the managing partner of a consortium of American, European and Japanese foundations engaged in environmental grant making in Central Europe
.
He served in 1994 as Chair of the Conference of Parties of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITIES), in which over 1,000 delegates from more than 120 countries and over 500 observers participated.
In the fall of 1996, Loy was a Visiting Lecturer at the Yale Law School
, teaching a course in international environmental law and policy.
Loy has served or chaired numerous board of directors of non-profit organizations, particularly in environment
and fostering democracy
in Europe
and Central Europe
. These include: the Environmental Defense Fund, on whose board he has served since 1981—he was chair from 1983-1990 --; the Budapest-based Regional Environmental Center for Central and Eastern Europe
, where he served from the time of his appointment in 1990 by the Bush administration until 1997; the League of Conservation Voters
, the bi-partisan political arm of the environmental community; the Institute for International Economics
, which he helped found in 1981; and the Foundation for a Civil Society -- which has conducted programs promoting democratic institutions and Central and Eastern Europe, particularly the Czech and Slovak republics.
Bill Clinton
William Jefferson "Bill" Clinton is an American politician who served as the 42nd President of the United States from 1993 to 2001. Inaugurated at age 46, he was the third-youngest president. He took office at the end of the Cold War, and was the first president of the baby boomer generation...
. In that position, he was the chief United States negotiator for issues such as climate change
Climate change
Climate change is a significant and lasting change in the statistical distribution of weather patterns over periods ranging from decades to millions of years. It may be a change in average weather conditions or the distribution of events around that average...
and trade on genetically modified agricultural products.
He has been senior vice president for international affairs at Pan American Airways, president of the German Marshall Fund of the United States, president of the Penn Central Corporation, and an attorney with O’Melveny & Myers.
Early and personal life
Raised in GermanyGermany
Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...
, Italy
Italy
Italy , officially the Italian Republic languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Italy's official name is as follows:;;;;;;;;), is a unitary parliamentary republic in South-Central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and...
and Switzerland
Switzerland
Switzerland name of one of the Swiss cantons. ; ; ; or ), in its full name the Swiss Confederation , is a federal republic consisting of 26 cantons, with Bern as the seat of the federal authorities. The country is situated in Western Europe,Or Central Europe depending on the definition....
in his early years, Loy went to public schools in Los Angeles
Los Ángeles
Los Ángeles is the capital of the province of Biobío, in the commune of the same name, in Region VIII , in the center-south of Chile. It is located between the Laja and Biobío rivers. The population is 123,445 inhabitants...
from the age of 10. He earned a B.A. degree at the University of California, Los Angeles
University of California, Los Angeles
The University of California, Los Angeles is a public research university located in the Westwood neighborhood of Los Angeles, California, USA. It was founded in 1919 as the "Southern Branch" of the University of California and is the second oldest of the ten campuses...
and an LL.B. at Harvard Law School
Harvard Law School
Harvard Law School is one of the professional graduate schools of Harvard University. Located in Cambridge, Massachusetts, it is the oldest continually-operating law school in the United States and is home to the largest academic law library in the world. The school is routinely ranked by the U.S...
. Following law school, he served for 21 months in the United States Army
United States Army
The United States Army is the main branch of the United States Armed Forces responsible for land-based military operations. It is the largest and oldest established branch of the U.S. military, and is one of seven U.S. uniformed services...
.
He lives in Washington, D.C.
Washington, D.C.
Washington, D.C., formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, "the District", or simply D.C., is the capital of the United States. On July 16, 1790, the United States Congress approved the creation of a permanent national capital as permitted by the U.S. Constitution....
with his wife, Dale Haven Loy, a painter, and is the father of two children. They have three grandchildren.
Private career
Loy served as Senior Vice President for International and Regulatory Affairs of Pan American World AirwaysPan American World Airways
Pan American World Airways, commonly known as Pan Am, was the principal and largest international air carrier in the United States from 1927 until its collapse on December 4, 1991...
during the period 1970-1973.
He spent the years 1974 to 1979 in the successful effort to bring the Penn Central Transportation Company out of bankruptcy. He served under contract, as president of the subsidiary that operated all the non-railroad businesses of the bankrupt company, including, among others, an oil pipeline, and oil refinery
Oil refinery
An oil refinery or petroleum refinery is an industrial process plant where crude oil is processed and refined into more useful petroleum products, such as gasoline, diesel fuel, asphalt base, heating oil, kerosene, and liquefied petroleum gas...
, the operator of the Six Flags
Six Flags
Six Flags Entertainment Corp. is the world's largest amusement park corporation based on quantity of properties and the fifth most popular in terms of attendance. The company maintains 14 properties located throughout North America, including theme parks, thrill parks, water parks and family...
theme parks, Arvida
Arvida Corp.
Arvida Corp., a Florida resort and real estate development company, was founded in 1958 by Arthur Vining Davis to develop his Florida land holdings, which included the historic Boca Raton Resort & Club, built in 1928....
,and the Florida land development company . Mr Loy also oversaw operations of Realty Hotels an arm of Penn-Central which owned the Roosevelt
Roosevelt Hotel (New York)
The Roosevelt Hotel is at Madison Avenue and 45th Street in midtown Manhattan, named in honor of President Theodore Roosevelt. The New York City hotel opened on September 22, 1924. The hotel closed in 1995 and reopened in 1997 after a $65-million extensive renovation.-Guest rooms:There are a total...
, Biltmore
New York Biltmore Hotel
The New York Biltmore Hotel was a luxury hotel in New York City. It was one of three palatial hotels built as part of the Terminal City development...
(now an office buildind named 335 Madison Avenue), Barclay
InterContinental
InterContinental is a brand of upscale luxury hotels, founded by Pan American World Airways, under Juan Trippe, and now owned by InterContinental Hotels Group. The chain operates over 200 hotels and resorts in approximately 75 nations.-History:...
(now Intercontinental), and Commodore Hotel ( now The Grand Hyatt) in New York City
New York City
New York is the most populous city in the United States and the center of the New York Metropolitan Area, one of the most populous metropolitan areas in the world. New York exerts a significant impact upon global commerce, finance, media, art, fashion, research, technology, education, and...
. When the bankruptcy terminated he became the President of the successor company, the Penn Central Corporation, listed on the New York Stock Exchange
New York Stock Exchange
The New York Stock Exchange is a stock exchange located at 11 Wall Street in Lower Manhattan, New York City, USA. It is by far the world's largest stock exchange by market capitalization of its listed companies at 13.39 trillion as of Dec 2010...
.
Government service
Loy's first public service came as Special Assistant to the Administrator of the Federal Aviation AdministrationFederal Aviation Administration
The Federal Aviation Administration is the national aviation authority of the United States. An agency of the United States Department of Transportation, it has authority to regulate and oversee all aspects of civil aviation in the U.S...
and as Director of that agency's Office of Policy Development, which was that agency's first economic analysis planning shop.
From 1965-1970 he entered the State Department
United States Department of State
The United States Department of State , is the United States federal executive department responsible for international relations of the United States, equivalent to the foreign ministries of other countries...
for the first time, serving as Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for Economic Affairs. In that role he negotiated numerous international bilateral air transport agreements, represented the U.S. at meetings of international organizations such as ICAO and IMCO
IMCO
IMCO may refer to:* the Intercontinental Manufacturing Company* the International Maritime Organization* the Intermountain Manufacturing Company* the Committee on the Internal Market and Consumer Protection of the European Parliament...
, and was vice-chair of the U.S. delegation to the multinational negotiations that successfully created the present structure of INTELSAT
Intelsat
Intelsat, Ltd. is a communications satellite services provider.Originally formed as International Telecommunications Satellite Organization , it was—from 1964 to 2001—an intergovernmental consortium owning and managing a constellation of communications satellites providing international broadcast...
, the organization that operates the space segments of the international communications network.
From 1980 to 1981 he served as the Director of the State Department's Bureau of Refugee Programs
Bureau of Population, Refugees, and Migration
The Bureau of Population, Refugees, and Migration is a bureau within the United States Department of State.It has primary responsibility for formulating policies on population, refugees, and migration, and for administering U.S. refugee assistance and admissions programs. The Bureau is headed by...
, with the personal rank of Ambassador
Ambassador
An ambassador is the highest ranking diplomat who represents a nation and is usually accredited to a foreign sovereign or government, or to an international organization....
.
He served as co-chair—with Robert Shapiro
Robert Shapiro
Robert Leslie Shapiro is an American civil litigator and senior partner in the Los Angeles-based law firm Glaser Weil Fink Jacobs Howard Avchen & Shapiro, LLP. Shapiro is most recognized for being part of the defense team which successfully defended O.J. Simpson in 1995 from the charges that he...
, CEO of Monsanto Corporation -- of the Trade and Environment Policy Advisory Committee to the United States Trade Representative
Office of the United States Trade Representative
The Office of the United States Trade Representative is the United States government agency responsible for developing and recommending United States trade policy to the president of the United States, conducting trade negotiations at bilateral and multilateral levels, and coordinating trade...
, Ambassador Charlene Barshevsky.
Under Secretary of State for Global Affairs
From November 2, 1998 to the end of the Clinton Administration, he was Under Secretary of State for Global Affairs.Nonprofit work
From 1981 to 1995 Loy was president of the German Marshall Fund of the United StatesGerman Marshall Fund
The German Marshall Fund of the United States is a nonpartisan American public policy and grantmaking institution dedicated to promoting greater cooperation and understanding between North America and Europe....
, an American grant making institution with an annual budget of over $10 million and a capital fund of about $200 million. It is the only American foundation concentrating exclusively on issues affecting both Europe and the U.S., particularly in the fields of economics, politics and the environment. The Fund is also the managing partner of a consortium of American, European and Japanese foundations engaged in environmental grant making in Central Europe
Central Europe
Central Europe or alternatively Middle Europe is a region of the European continent lying between the variously defined areas of Eastern and Western Europe...
.
He served in 1994 as Chair of the Conference of Parties of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITIES), in which over 1,000 delegates from more than 120 countries and over 500 observers participated.
In the fall of 1996, Loy was a Visiting Lecturer at the Yale Law School
Yale Law School
Yale Law School, or YLS, is the law school of Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut, United States. Established in 1824, it offers the J.D., LL.M., J.S.D. and M.S.L. degrees in law. It also hosts visiting scholars, visiting researchers and a number of legal research centers...
, teaching a course in international environmental law and policy.
Loy has served or chaired numerous board of directors of non-profit organizations, particularly in environment
Environmental movement
The environmental movement, a term that includes the conservation and green politics, is a diverse scientific, social, and political movement for addressing environmental issues....
and fostering democracy
Democracy
Democracy is generally defined as a form of government in which all adult citizens have an equal say in the decisions that affect their lives. Ideally, this includes equal participation in the proposal, development and passage of legislation into law...
in Europe
Eastern Europe
Eastern Europe is the eastern part of Europe. The term has widely disparate geopolitical, geographical, cultural and socioeconomic readings, which makes it highly context-dependent and even volatile, and there are "almost as many definitions of Eastern Europe as there are scholars of the region"...
and Central Europe
Central Europe
Central Europe or alternatively Middle Europe is a region of the European continent lying between the variously defined areas of Eastern and Western Europe...
. These include: the Environmental Defense Fund, on whose board he has served since 1981—he was chair from 1983-1990 --; the Budapest-based Regional Environmental Center for Central and Eastern Europe
Regional Environmental Center for Central and Eastern Europe
The Regional Environmental Center for Central and Eastern Europe is a non-profit, non-advocacy, independent international environmental organisation...
, where he served from the time of his appointment in 1990 by the Bush administration until 1997; the League of Conservation Voters
League of Conservation Voters
The League of Conservation Voters is a political advocacy organization founded in 1969 by American environmentalist David Brower in the early years of the environmental movement. LCV's mission is to "advocate for sound environmental policies and to elect pro-environmental candidates who will adopt...
, the bi-partisan political arm of the environmental community; the Institute for International Economics
Institute for International Economics
The Peter G. Peterson Institute for International Economics , formerly the Institute for International Economics, is a private, non-profit, and nonpartisan think tank focused on international economics, based in Washington, D.C. It was founded by C...
, which he helped found in 1981; and the Foundation for a Civil Society -- which has conducted programs promoting democratic institutions and Central and Eastern Europe, particularly the Czech and Slovak republics.
External links
- Earth Focus Video Interviews with Frank Loy stored at the Internet ArchiveInternet ArchiveThe Internet Archive is a non-profit digital library with the stated mission of "universal access to all knowledge". It offers permanent storage and access to collections of digitized materials, including websites, music, moving images, and nearly 3 million public domain books. The Internet Archive...
. - Essay by Loy recommending a course of action for European diplomacy with respect to American environmental policy, written in 2006.