Francesco del Giudice
Encyclopedia
Francesco del Giudice was a Roman Catholic cardinal
from 1690 to 1725 who also held a variety of other ecclesiastical and governmental offices.
on December 7, 1647, the fifth of the fifteen children of Nicolò del Giudice, Prince of Cellamare and his wife Ippolita Palagana.
During his early career in the church, he was Referendary
of the Apostolic Signatura
; vice-legate
of Bologna
; governor
of Fano
; a cleric in the Apostolic Camera
; governor of Rome
; and Vice-Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church.
Pope Alexander VIII
named him a cardinal priest in the consistory
of February 13, 1690, with dispensation
for not having received the minor orders
. He received the red hat
on April 10, 1690, receiving the titulus of Santa Maria del Popolo
at that time. He was then named cardinal protector
of Spain
. He participated in the conclave of 1691
that elected Pope Innocent XII
.
He declined a promotion to the see of Salerno
in 1696. He managed Spanish affairs in Rome 1698-99. On March 30, 1700, he transferred Santa Maria del Popolo for Santa Sabina
as his titulus. He participated in the conclave of 1700
that elected Pope Clement XI
. In December 1701, he became Viceroy and Captain General
of the Kingdom of Sicily
.
On January 14, 1704, Cardinal Giudice was elected Archbishop of Monreale; he was consecrated as a bishop
in the Church of the Gesu
in Palermo
on February 10, 1704 by Giuseppe Gasch, Archbishop of Palermo, assisted by Annibale Termini, Bishop of Siracusa, and by Bartolomeo Castelli, Bishop of Mazzara.
In 1711, Philip V of Spain
named Cardinal Giudice Grand Inquisitor
of Spain (in which capacity he was the head of the Spanish Inquisition
); he was commissioned as Grand Inquisitor on June 11, 1711. He briefly lost royal favor in July 1714 when he issued an edict condemning certain regalist writings into exile at Bayonne
, but he was allowed to return to Spain later that year following the death of Maria Luisa of Savoy
and the subsequent loss of influence of Marie Anne de La Trémoille, princesse des Ursins. In 1716, his disagreements with Cardinal Giulio Alberoni
ultimately led to his resignation as Grand Inquisitor of Spain.
On July 12, 1717, Cardinal Giudice exchanged his titulus of Santa Sabina for the Suburbicarian See of Palestrina
, while retaining his post as Archbishop of Monreale. On August 11, 1719, he became Austria
's minister to the Holy See
, a post he held until 1720. He also became Secretary of the Roman Inquisition
in 1719, a post he held until his death. He exchanged his titular see
of Palestrina for the Suburbicarian See of Frascati
on March 3, 1721. He participated in the conclave of 1721
that elected Pope Innocent XIII
and the conclave of 1724
that elected Pope Benedict XIII
. He became Dean of the College of Cardinals
on June 12, 1724, exchanging his titular see
for the Suburbicarian See of Ostia
at that time. He resigned as Archbishop of Monreale on February 15, 1725.
Cardinal Giudice died in Rome on October 10, 1725. His funeral was held at San Marcello al Corso
on October 12, 1725, with Pope Benedict XIII in attendance. His remains were then transferred for temporary burial at Santa Maria sopra Minerva
before eventually being returned to Naples for permanent burial in Santa Maria del Carmine
.
Cardinal (Catholicism)
A cardinal is a senior ecclesiastical official, usually an ordained bishop, and ecclesiastical prince of the Catholic Church. They are collectively known as the College of Cardinals, which as a body elects a new pope. The duties of the cardinals include attending the meetings of the College and...
from 1690 to 1725 who also held a variety of other ecclesiastical and governmental offices.
Biography
Francesco del Giudice was born in NaplesNaples
Naples is a city in Southern Italy, situated on the country's west coast by the Gulf of Naples. Lying between two notable volcanic regions, Mount Vesuvius and the Phlegraean Fields, it is the capital of the region of Campania and of the province of Naples...
on December 7, 1647, the fifth of the fifteen children of Nicolò del Giudice, Prince of Cellamare and his wife Ippolita Palagana.
During his early career in the church, he was Referendary
Referendary
Referendary is the English form or rendering of a number of administrative positions, of various rank, in chanceries and other official organisations.-Secular:...
of the Apostolic Signatura
Apostolic Signatura
The Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura is the highest judicial authority in the Catholic Church...
; vice-legate
Papal legate
A papal legate – from the Latin, authentic Roman title Legatus – is a personal representative of the pope to foreign nations, or to some part of the Catholic Church. He is empowered on matters of Catholic Faith and for the settlement of ecclesiastical matters....
of Bologna
Bologna
Bologna is the capital city of Emilia-Romagna, in the Po Valley of Northern Italy. The city lies between the Po River and the Apennine Mountains, more specifically, between the Reno River and the Savena River. Bologna is a lively and cosmopolitan Italian college city, with spectacular history,...
; governor
Governor
A governor is a governing official, usually the executive of a non-sovereign level of government, ranking under the head of state...
of Fano
Fano
Fano is a town and comune of the province of Pesaro and Urbino in the Marche region of Italy. It is a beach resort 12 km southeast of Pesaro, located where the Via Flaminia reaches the Adriatic Sea...
; a cleric in the Apostolic Camera
Apostolic Camera
The Apostolic Camera, or in Latin Camera Apostolica or Apostolica Camera, is the central board of finance in the Papal administrative system, which at one time was of great importance in the government of the States of the Church, and in the administration of justice, led by the Camerlengo of the...
; governor of Rome
Rome
Rome is the capital of Italy and the country's largest and most populated city and comune, with over 2.7 million residents in . The city is located in the central-western portion of the Italian Peninsula, on the Tiber River within the Lazio region of Italy.Rome's history spans two and a half...
; and Vice-Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church.
Pope Alexander VIII
Pope Alexander VIII
Pope Alexander VIII , born Pietro Vito Ottoboni, was Pope from 1689 to 1691.-Early life:Pietro Ottoboni was born of a noble Venetian family, and was the son of Marco Ottoboni, chancellor of the Republic of Venice...
named him a cardinal priest in the consistory
Consistory
-Antiquity:Originally, the Latin word consistorium meant simply 'sitting together', just as the Greek synedrion ....
of February 13, 1690, with dispensation
Dispensation (Catholic Church)
In the canon law of the Roman Catholic Church, a dispensation is the suspension by competent authority of general rules of law in particular cases...
for not having received the minor orders
Minor orders
The minor orders are the lowest ranks in the Christian clergy. The most recognized minor orders are porter, lector, exorcist, and acolyte. In the Latin rite Catholic Church, the minor orders were in most cases replaced by "instituted" ministries of lector and acolyte, though communities that use...
. He received the red hat
Galero
A galero in the Catholic Church is a large, broad-brimmed tasseled hat worn by clergy. Over the centuries the galero was eventually limited in use to individual cardinals as a crown symbolizing the title of Prince of the Church...
on April 10, 1690, receiving the titulus of Santa Maria del Popolo
Santa Maria del Popolo
Santa Maria del Popolo is an Augustinian church located in Rome, Italy.It stands to the north side of the Piazza del Popolo, one of the most famous squares in the city. The Piazza is situated between the ancient Porta Flaminia and the park of the Pincio...
at that time. He was then named cardinal protector
Cardinal protector
Since the thirteenth century it has been customary at Rome to confide to some particular Cardinal a special solicitude in the Roman Curia for the interests of a given religious order or institute, confraternity, church, college, city, nation etcetera. Such a person is known as a Cardinal Protector...
of Spain
Habsburg Spain
Habsburg Spain refers to the history of Spain over the 16th and 17th centuries , when Spain was ruled by the major branch of the Habsburg dynasty...
. He participated in the conclave of 1691
Papal conclave, 1691
The papal conclave of 1691 was convened on the death of pope Alexander VIII. It lasted for five months, from February 12 to July 12, 1691, making it the longest conclave of the 17th century. It finally elected pope Innocent XII.- External links :* * * *...
that elected Pope Innocent XII
Pope Innocent XII
Pope Innocent XII , born Antonio Pignatelli, was Pope from 1691 to 1700.-Biography:He was born in Spinazzola to one of the most aristocratic families of the Kingdom of Naples, which included many Viceroys, and ministers to the crown, and was educated at the Jesuit college in Rome.In his twentieth...
.
He declined a promotion to the see of Salerno
Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Salerno-Campagna-Acerno
The archdiocese of Salerno-Campagna-Acerno is a Roman Catholic ecclesiastical territory in Campania, southern Italy, created in 1986. The historic archdiocese of Salerno was in existence from the tenth century, having been elevated from a sixth century diocese...
in 1696. He managed Spanish affairs in Rome 1698-99. On March 30, 1700, he transferred Santa Maria del Popolo for Santa Sabina
Santa Sabina
The Basilica of Saint Sabina at the Aventine is a titular minor basilica and mother church of the Roman Catholic Dominican order in Rome, Italy. Santa Sabina lies high on the Aventine Hill, beside the Tiber, close to the headquarters of theKnights of Malta....
as his titulus. He participated in the conclave of 1700
Papal conclave, 1700
The conclave of 1700 was a papal conclave convened following the death of pope Innocent XII. It ended in the election of pope Clement XI.-Context:...
that elected Pope Clement XI
Pope Clement XI
Pope Clement XI , born Giovanni Francesco Albani, was Pope from 1700 until his death in 1721.-Early life:...
. In December 1701, he became Viceroy and Captain General
Captain General
Captain general is a high military rank and a gubernatorial title.-History:This term Captain General started to appear in the 14th century, with the meaning of commander in chief of an army in the field, probably the first usage of the term General in military settings...
of the Kingdom of Sicily
Kingdom of Sicily
The Kingdom of Sicily was a state that existed in the south of Italy from its founding by Roger II in 1130 until 1816. It was a successor state of the County of Sicily, which had been founded in 1071 during the Norman conquest of southern Italy...
.
On January 14, 1704, Cardinal Giudice was elected Archbishop of Monreale; he was consecrated as a bishop
Bishop
A bishop is an ordained or consecrated member of the Christian clergy who is generally entrusted with a position of authority and oversight. Within the Catholic Church, Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox Churches, in the Assyrian Church of the East, in the Independent Catholic Churches, and in the...
in the Church of the Gesu
Church of the Gesu (Palermo)
The Church of the Gesu , Church of Saint Mary of Gesu or Casa Professa is one of the most important Baroque churches in the Italian city of Palermo and the interior of Sicily.-History:...
in Palermo
Palermo
Palermo is a city in Southern Italy, the capital of both the autonomous region of Sicily and the Province of Palermo. The city is noted for its history, culture, architecture and gastronomy, playing an important role throughout much of its existence; it is over 2,700 years old...
on February 10, 1704 by Giuseppe Gasch, Archbishop of Palermo, assisted by Annibale Termini, Bishop of Siracusa, and by Bartolomeo Castelli, Bishop of Mazzara.
In 1711, Philip V of Spain
Philip V of Spain
Philip V was King of Spain from 15 November 1700 to 15 January 1724, when he abdicated in favor of his son Louis, and from 6 September 1724, when he assumed the throne again upon his son's death, to his death.Before his reign, Philip occupied an exalted place in the royal family of France as a...
named Cardinal Giudice Grand Inquisitor
Grand Inquisitor
Grand Inquisitor is the lead official of an Inquisition. The most famous Inquisitor General is the Spanish Dominican Tomás de Torquemada, who spearheaded the Spanish Inquisition.-List of Spanish Grand Inquisitors:-Castile:-Aragon:...
of Spain (in which capacity he was the head of the Spanish Inquisition
Spanish Inquisition
The Tribunal of the Holy Office of the Inquisition , commonly known as the Spanish Inquisition , was a tribunal established in 1480 by Catholic Monarchs Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile. It was intended to maintain Catholic orthodoxy in their kingdoms, and to replace the Medieval...
); he was commissioned as Grand Inquisitor on June 11, 1711. He briefly lost royal favor in July 1714 when he issued an edict condemning certain regalist writings into exile at Bayonne
Bayonne
Bayonne is a city and commune in south-western France at the confluence of the Nive and Adour rivers, in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department, of which it is a sub-prefecture...
, but he was allowed to return to Spain later that year following the death of Maria Luisa of Savoy
Maria Luisa of Savoy
Maria Luisa of Savoy was a Savoyard princess and the first wife of Philip V of Spain. She acted as Regent of Spain and had great influence over her husband...
and the subsequent loss of influence of Marie Anne de La Trémoille, princesse des Ursins. In 1716, his disagreements with Cardinal Giulio Alberoni
Giulio Alberoni
Giulio Alberoni was an Italian cardinal andstatesman in the service of Philip V of Spain.-Early years:He was born near Piacenza, probably at the village of Fiorenzuola d'Arda in the Duchy of Parma....
ultimately led to his resignation as Grand Inquisitor of Spain.
On July 12, 1717, Cardinal Giudice exchanged his titulus of Santa Sabina for the Suburbicarian See of Palestrina
Roman Catholic Suburbicarian Diocese of Palestrina
thumb|250 px|The Cathedral of Sant'Agapito in Palestrina.The Roman Catholic Suburbicarian Diocese of Palestrina, , is a Roman Catholic suburbicarian diocese centered on the comune of Palestrina in Italy....
, while retaining his post as Archbishop of Monreale. On August 11, 1719, he became Austria
Habsburg Monarchy
The Habsburg Monarchy covered the territories ruled by the junior Austrian branch of the House of Habsburg , and then by the successor House of Habsburg-Lorraine , between 1526 and 1867/1918. The Imperial capital was Vienna, except from 1583 to 1611, when it was moved to Prague...
's minister to the Holy See
Holy See
The Holy See is the episcopal jurisdiction of the Catholic Church in Rome, in which its Bishop is commonly known as the Pope. It is the preeminent episcopal see of the Catholic Church, forming the central government of the Church. As such, diplomatically, and in other spheres the Holy See acts and...
, a post he held until 1720. He also became Secretary of the Roman Inquisition
Roman Inquisition
The Roman Inquisition was a system of tribunals developed by the Holy See during the second half of the 16th century, responsible for prosecuting individuals accused of a wide array of crimes related to heresy, including Protestantism, sorcery, immorality, blasphemy, Judaizing and witchcraft, as...
in 1719, a post he held until his death. He exchanged his titular see
Titular bishop
A titular bishop in various churches is a bishop who is not in charge of a diocese.By definition a bishop is an "overseer" of a community of the faithful, so when a priest is ordained a bishop the tradition of the Roman Catholic and Orthodox churches is that he be ordained for a specific place...
of Palestrina for the Suburbicarian See of Frascati
Roman Catholic Suburbicarian Diocese of Frascati
The Diocese of Frascati is a suburbicarian see of the Holy Roman Church and a diocese of the Catholic Church in Italy, based at Frascati, near Rome. The bishop of Frascati is a Cardinal Bishop; from the Latin name of the area, the bishop has also been called Bishop of Tusculum. The bishopric in...
on March 3, 1721. He participated in the conclave of 1721
Papal conclave, 1721
The Papal conclave March 31 – May 8, 1721, convoked after the death of Pope Clement XI, was the conclave that elected to the Papacy Cardinal Michelangelo de' Conti, who took the name of Innocent XIII.- List of participants :...
that elected Pope Innocent XIII
Pope Innocent XIII
Pope Innocent XIII was pope from 1721 until his death.He was born Michelangelo Conti in Poli, near Rome. Like Pope Innocent III , Pope Gregory IX and Pope Alexander IV , he was a member of the family of the Conti, counts and dukes of Segni...
and the conclave of 1724
Papal conclave, 1724
The papal conclave of 1724 was called on the death of pope Innocent XIII. It began on 20 March 1724 and ended on 29 May that year in the election of pope Benedict XIII.-External links:* http://www.csun.edu/~hcfll004/SV1724.html...
that elected Pope Benedict XIII
Pope Benedict XIII
-Footnotes:...
. He became Dean of the College of Cardinals
Dean of the College of Cardinals
The Dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals is the president of the College of Cardinals in the Roman Catholic Church, and as such always holds the rank of Cardinal Bishop. The Dean is not necessarily the longest-serving member of the whole College...
on June 12, 1724, exchanging his titular see
Titular bishop
A titular bishop in various churches is a bishop who is not in charge of a diocese.By definition a bishop is an "overseer" of a community of the faithful, so when a priest is ordained a bishop the tradition of the Roman Catholic and Orthodox churches is that he be ordained for a specific place...
for the Suburbicarian See of Ostia
Bishop of Ostia
The Bishop of Ostia is the head of the Suburbicarian Diocese of Ostia, one of the seven suburbicarian sees of Rome. The position is now attached to the post of Dean of the College of Cardinals, as it has been since 1150, with the actual governance of the diocese entrusted to the Vicar General of...
at that time. He resigned as Archbishop of Monreale on February 15, 1725.
Cardinal Giudice died in Rome on October 10, 1725. His funeral was held at San Marcello al Corso
San Marcello al Corso
San Marcello al Corso is a church in Rome, Italy, devoted to Pope Marcellus I. It is located in via del Corso, the ancient via Lata, connecting Piazza Venezia to Piazza del Popolo....
on October 12, 1725, with Pope Benedict XIII in attendance. His remains were then transferred for temporary burial at Santa Maria sopra Minerva
Santa Maria sopra Minerva
The Basilica of Saint Mary Above Minerva is a titular minor basilica and one of the most important churches of the Roman Catholic Dominican order in Rome, Italy. The church, located in the Piazza della Minerva in the Campus Martius region, is considered the only Gothic church in Rome. It houses...
before eventually being returned to Naples for permanent burial in Santa Maria del Carmine
Santa Maria del Carmine (Naples)
Santa Maria del Carmine is a church in Naples, Italy. It is at one end of Piazza Mercato , the centre of civic life in Naples for many centuries until it was cut off from the rest of the city by urban renewal in 1900...
.