Evangelical Church of Hanover
Encyclopedia
The Evangelical-Lutheran Church of Hanover is a Lutheran church body (Landeskirche
Landeskirche
In Germany and Switzerland, a Landeskirche is the church of a region. They originated as the national churches of the independent states, States of Germany or Cantons of Switzerland , that later unified to form modern Germany or modern Switzerland , respectively.-Origins in the Holy Roman...

)
in the German
Germany
Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...

 state of Lower Saxony
Lower Saxony
Lower Saxony is a German state situated in north-western Germany and is second in area and fourth in population among the sixteen states of Germany...

 and the city of Bremerhaven
Bremerhaven
Bremerhaven is a city at the seaport of the free city-state of Bremen, a state of the Federal Republic of Germany. It forms an enclave in the state of Lower Saxony and is located at the mouth of the River Weser on its eastern bank, opposite the town of Nordenham...

 covering the territory of the former Kingdom of Hanover
Kingdom of Hanover
The Kingdom of Hanover was established in October 1814 by the Congress of Vienna, with the restoration of George III to his Hanoverian territories after the Napoleonic era. It succeeded the former Electorate of Brunswick-Lüneburg , and joined with 38 other sovereign states in the German...

. It's the most important Protestant denomination in this area. The seat of the Landesbischof
Landesbischof
A Landesbischof is the head of some Protestant Landeskirche in Germany. Based on the principle of the summepiscopat, the Lutheran princes assumed the position of Head of Church in their territory after the Reformation...

 (bishop) is the Lower Saxon state capital Hanover
Hanover
Hanover or Hannover, on the river Leine, is the capital of the federal state of Lower Saxony , Germany and was once by personal union the family seat of the Hanoverian Kings of Great Britain, under their title as the dukes of Brunswick-Lüneburg...

. The Marktkirche
Marktkirche
The Marktkirche , officially Marktkirche S. Georgii et Jacobi, dedicated to St. George and St. James, is the main Lutheran church in Hanover. It was built in the 14th century and, together with the nearby Old Town Hall, is considered the southernmost example of the "North German brick gothic" ...

 is the church of the bishop.

It is a full member of the Evangelical Church in Germany
Evangelical Church in Germany
The Evangelical Church in Germany is a federation of 22 Lutheran, Unified and Reformed Protestant regional church bodies in Germany. The EKD is not a church in a theological understanding because of the denominational differences. However, the member churches share full pulpit and altar...

 (EKD), and is based on the teachings brought forward by Martin Luther
Martin Luther
Martin Luther was a German priest, professor of theology and iconic figure of the Protestant Reformation. He strongly disputed the claim that freedom from God's punishment for sin could be purchased with money. He confronted indulgence salesman Johann Tetzel with his Ninety-Five Theses in 1517...

 during the Reformation
Protestant Reformation
The Protestant Reformation was a 16th-century split within Western Christianity initiated by Martin Luther, John Calvin and other early Protestants. The efforts of the self-described "reformers", who objected to the doctrines, rituals and ecclesiastical structure of the Roman Catholic Church, led...

.

After Margot Käßmann
Margot Käßmann
Margot Käßmann is a Lutheran theologian and was Landesbischöfin of the Evangelical-Lutheran Church of Hanover in Germany. On 28 October 2009, she was elected to lead the Evangelical Church in Germany, a federation of Protestant church bodies in Germany...

' resignation as Landesbischöfin in February 2010, Hans-Hermann Jantzen served as Bischofsvikar (acting bishop) until Ralf Meister
Ralf Meister
Ralf Meister is a German Lutheran theologian, former General Superintendent of Berlin, and Landesbischof of the Evangelical-Lutheran Church of Hanover....

's investiture as her successor on 26 March 2011.

The Evangelical Lutheran Church of Hanover is a member church of the United Evangelical Lutheran Church of Germany
United Evangelical Lutheran Church of Germany
The United Evangelical Lutheran Church of Germany was founded on July 8, 1948 in Eisenach, Germany. Its total membership is estimated at over 10.5 million people. The Member Churches of this organisation are in full fellowship with the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America...

 (VELKD), the Community of Protestant Churches in Europe
Community of Protestant Churches in Europe
The Community of Protestant Churches in Europe is a fellowship of over 100 Protestant churches which have signed the Leuenberg Agreement. Together they strive for realizing church fellowship, especially by cooperation in witness and service to the world...

, and of the Lutheran World Federation
Lutheran World Federation
The Lutheran World Federation is a global communion of national and regional Lutheran churches headquartered in the Ecumenical Centre in Geneva, Switzerland. The federation was founded in the Swedish city of Lund in the aftermath of the Second World War in 1947 to coordinate the activities of the...

.

History

The Lutheran church was the state church
State church
State churches are organizational bodies within a Christian denomination which are given official status or operated by a state.State churches are not necessarily national churches in the ethnic sense of the term, but the two concepts may overlap in the case of a nation state where the state...

 (German: Landeskirche) of the Kingdom of Hanover with the king being summus episcopus (Supreme Governor of the Lutheran Church). In 1848 the Lutheran parishes were democratised by the introduction of presbyteries , elected by all major male parishioners and chairing each congregation in co-operation with the pastor
Pastor
The word pastor usually refers to an ordained leader of a Christian congregation. When used as an ecclesiastical styling or title, this role may be abbreviated to "Pr." or often "Ps"....

, being before the sole chairman. This introduction of presbyteries was somewhat revolutionary in the rather hierarchically structured Lutheran church. In 1864 Carl Lichtenberg , Hanoveran minister of education, cultural and religious affairs (1862–1865), persuaded the Ständeversammlung (the Hanoveran parliament) to pass a new law as to the constitution of the Lutheran church. The constitution provided a state synod
Synod
A synod historically is a council of a church, usually convened to decide an issue of doctrine, administration or application. In modern usage, the word often refers to the governing body of a particular church, whether its members are meeting or not...

 (parishioners' parliament). But its first session only materialised in 1869, when after the Prussian
Kingdom of Prussia
The Kingdom of Prussia was a German kingdom from 1701 to 1918. Until the defeat of Germany in World War I, it comprised almost two-thirds of the area of the German Empire...

 annexation of the Kingdom of Hanover (1866) the Hanoveran Lutherans desired a representative body separate from Prussian rule, though it was restricted to Lutheran matters only.

After the Prussian conquest in 1866, on 19 September 1866, the day before the official Prussian annexation took place and with the last king, George V of Hanover
George V of Hanover
George V was King of Hanover, the only child of Ernest Augustus I, and a grandchild of King George III of the United Kingdom. In the peerage of Great Britain, he was 2nd Duke of Cumberland and Teviotdale, 2nd Earl of Armagh...

, in exile, the Kingdom's six consistories joined to form today's still existing church body. An all-Hanoveran consistory, the Landeskonsistorium (state consistory), was formed with representatives from the regional consistories. The regional consistories were in Aurich
Aurich
Aurich is a town in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is the capital of the district of Aurich.-History:The history of Aurich dates back to the 13th century, when the settlement of Aurechove was mentioned in a Frisian document called the Brokmerbrief in 1276. In 1517, Count Edzard from the house of...

, a simultaneously Lutheran and Calvinist consistory dominated by Lutherans (for East Frisia
East Frisia
East Frisia or Eastern Friesland is a coastal region in the northwest of the German federal state of Lower Saxony....

) and the Lutheran consistories in Hanover
Hanover
Hanover or Hannover, on the river Leine, is the capital of the federal state of Lower Saxony , Germany and was once by personal union the family seat of the Hanoverian Kings of Great Britain, under their title as the dukes of Brunswick-Lüneburg...

 (for the former Electorate of Brunswick and Lunenburg proper), in Ilfeld
Ilfeld
Ilfeld is a municipality in the district of Nordhausen, in Thuringia, Germany. It is situated at the south foot of the Harz, at the entrance to the Bährethal, north from Nordhausen by the railway to Wernigerode.-Establishments in 1911:...

 (for the County of Hohenstein, a Hanoveran exclave in the Eastern Harz
Harz
The Harz is the highest mountain range in northern Germany and its rugged terrain extends across parts of Lower Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt and Thuringia. The name Harz derives from the Middle High German word Hardt or Hart , latinized as Hercynia. The legendary Brocken is the highest summit in the Harz...

 mountains), in Osnabrück
Osnabrück
Osnabrück is a city in Lower Saxony, Germany, some 80 km NNE of Dortmund, 45 km NE of Münster, and some 100 km due west of Hanover. It lies in a valley penned between the Wiehen Hills and the northern tip of the Teutoburg Forest...

 (for the former Prince-Bishopric of Osnabrück
Bishopric of Osnabrück
The Diocese of Osnabrück is a diocese of the Catholic church in Germany; it was founded around 800. It was also a Prince-Bishopric of the Holy Roman Empire until 1803.- The Prince-Bishopric of Osnabrück :...

), in Otterndorf
Otterndorf
Otterndorf is a town on the coast of the North Sea in the region of Lower Saxony, Germany, and is part of the Samtgemeinde Land Hadeln . The town is at the mouth of the river Medem on part of the Elbe delta in the district Cuxhaven...

 (existed 1535-1885 for the Land of Hadeln) as well as in Stade
Stade
Stade is a city in Lower Saxony, Germany and part of the Hamburg Metropolitan Region . It is the seat of the district named after it...

 (existed 1650-1903, until 1885 for the former Bremen-Verden
Bremen-Verden
Bremen-Verden, formally the Duchies of Bremen and Verden , were two territories and immediate fiefs of the Holy Roman Empire, which emerged and gained Imperial immediacy in 1180...

 proper without Hadeln, then including the complete Stade Region
Stade (region)
The Stade Region emerged in 1823 by an administrative reorganisation of the dominions of the Kingdom of Hanover, a sovereign state, whose then territory is almost completely part of today's German federal state of Lower Saxony...

).

Until 1903 all regional consistories, except of the one in Aurich were dissolved, their functions taken over by the state consistory. The Lutheran state church became a stronghold of Hanoveran separatism and therefore somewhat politicised. It opposed the Prussian Union
Prussian Union (Evangelical Christian Church)
The Prussian Union was the merger of the Lutheran Church and the Reformed Church in Prussia, by a series of decrees – among them the Unionsurkunde – by King Frederick William III...

, comprising the Protestant parishes in the Prussian territory prior the 1866 annexations, not only for its being a stronghold of Prussian patriotism, but for being a united church
United and uniting churches
United and uniting churches are churches formed from the merger or other form of union of two or more different Protestant denominations.Perhaps the oldest example of a united church is found in Germany, where the Evangelical Church in Germany is a federation of Lutheran, United and Reformed...

 of Lutheran and Calvinist congregations, with a preponderance of Calvinism because the Calvinist Hohenzollern dynasty wielded its influence in the unification of Lutherans and Calvinists in then Prussia in 1817. The Hanoveran Lutherans managed to maintain their independence, with the Prussian government refraining from imposing the Prussian Union onto them. The reconciliation of the Lutheran majority of the citizens in annexed Hanover
Province of Hanover
The Province of Hanover was a province of the Kingdom of Prussia and the Free State of Prussia from 1868 to 1946.During the Austro-Prussian War, the Kingdom of Hanover had attempted to maintain a neutral position, along with some other member states of the German Confederation...

 with their new Prussian citizenship was not to be further complicated by religious quarrels.

The Weimar Constitution
Weimar constitution
The Constitution of the German Reich , usually known as the Weimar Constitution was the constitution that governed Germany during the Weimar Republic...

 of 1919 provided for the separation of state and religion. After the system of state churches had disappeared with the monarchies in the German states, the question arose, why the Protestant church bodies within Germany did not merge. Besides the smaller Protestant denominations of the Mennonites, Baptists or Methodists, which were organised crossing state borders along denominational lines, there were 29 (later 28) church bodies organised along territorial borders of German states or Prussian provinces. All those, covering the territory of former monarchies with a ruling Protestant dynasty, had been state churches until 1918 - except of the Protestant church bodies in territories, like that of Hanover, annexed by Prussia in 1866. Others had been no less territorially defined Protestant minority church bodies within states of Catholic monarchs, where - before 1918 - the Roman Catholic Church
Roman Catholic Church
The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the world's largest Christian church, with over a billion members. Led by the Pope, it defines its mission as spreading the gospel of Jesus Christ, administering the sacraments and exercising charity...

 played the role of state church.

In fact, a merger was permanently under discussion, but never materialised due to strong regional self-confidence and traditions as well as the denominational fragmentation into Lutheran, Calvinist and United and uniting churches
United and uniting churches
United and uniting churches are churches formed from the merger or other form of union of two or more different Protestant denominations.Perhaps the oldest example of a united church is found in Germany, where the Evangelical Church in Germany is a federation of Lutheran, United and Reformed...

. Following the Swiss example  of 1920, the Evangelical Lutheran State Church of Hanover and 28 other territorially defined German Protestant church bodies founded the German Evangelical Church Federation  in 1922, which was no new merged church, but a loose federation of the existing independent church bodies.

Bishop

At the head of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Hanover is the Bishop who is elected by the Synod. After the age of 65 Year of life the Bishop usually occurs in retirement.
Country's bishops and Landesbischöfinnen:
  • 1925-1947: August Marahrens
  • 1947-1971: Johannes Lilje
  • 1971-1988: Eduard Lohse
  • 1988-1999: Horst Hirschler
  • 1999-2010: Margot Käßmann
    Margot Käßmann
    Margot Käßmann is a Lutheran theologian and was Landesbischöfin of the Evangelical-Lutheran Church of Hanover in Germany. On 28 October 2009, she was elected to lead the Evangelical Church in Germany, a federation of Protestant church bodies in Germany...

  • 2010-2011: Hans-Hermann Jantzen (Vicar)
  • since 26 March 2011: Ralf Meister
    Ralf Meister
    Ralf Meister is a German Lutheran theologian, former General Superintendent of Berlin, and Landesbischof of the Evangelical-Lutheran Church of Hanover....


National Church Office

The bishop has his or her country's headquarters in Hanover. Supreme authority within the Church is the official state church, which a President (since May 1, 2008: Burkhard Guntau) presides. The Bishop is chairman of the College in the national church office (or less the "government" of the Church), which includes in addition to the Bishop, the president of the National Church Office, the Spirtuell Vice President (since 2006: Arend de Vries), the Legal Vice President and the theological and legal Higher Regional councils of churches (German: Oberlandeskirchenräte).

Mission

The Evangelical-Lutheran Mission in Lower Saxony
Evangelical-Lutheran Mission in Lower Saxony
The Evangelical-Lutheran Mission in Lower Saxony or ELM is a German Protestant mission organisation.- Purpose:- History :On 12 October 1849 the Hermannsburg pastor, Ludwig Harms, began training the first missionaries. At the outset it was called the Hermannsburg Mission...

 (ELM), which was founded in 1977 as a common organisation for the Evangelical-Lutheran State Churches of Hanover, Brunswick
Evangelical Lutheran State Church of Brunswick
The Evangelical Lutheran Church in Brunswick is a Lutheran church in the German states of Lower Saxony and Saxony-Anhalt. The seat of the Landesbischof is Wolfenbüttel. Its district as a Landeskirche covers the former State of Brunswick in the borders of 1945...

 and Schaumburg-Lippe, looks after relationships with the overseas partner churches of the Hanoverian State Church. Its history dates back to 1849 when Pastor Ludwig Harms began training the first missionaries. The headquarters of the ELM is in Hermannsburg
Hermannsburg
Hermannsburg is a municipality in the Celle district, in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is situated at the River Örtze, approx. 15 kilometers east of Bergen and 30 kilometers north of Celle.-Division of the municipality:...

 in the Südheide. Since 2003 Pastor Martina Helmer-Pham Xuan has been the director of the mission.

Diakonia

The Diaconate of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Hanover is one of the largest charities in Lower Saxony, in the Diaconal summarized institutions of the country church together.

House of Church Offices

The house of Church Offices (since 2002) (German: Haus kirchlicher Dienste), established (was the forerunner of 1933 to 1935 the people of Missionary Board) in September 1937 as an office for community service (German: Amt für Gemeindedienst), the service and competence center of the Church of Hanover, where many works, facilities and agencies for areas of work are in the Church of Hanover will be combined and managed centrally.The house has six departments of church services, which are summarized in over 40 fields of activity. The different Fields are three areas (community support services, supplementary services and community church in the dialogue) assigned.The House of Church Offices include the countrypastors (German: Landespastoren) (eg: National Social pastor, youth pastor in the country) of the Church of Hanover.The House of church Offices has 200 Employees (2002: 270).
The faculties with their fields of work in detail are:

1. The Department includes the areas of library work, the deacons, volunteers, Ephoralsekretäre, community consultation and organizational development, community leadership, sexton, media relations and parish office secretaries.

2. The Department oversees the Bursfelde Abbey
Bursfelde Abbey
Bursfelde Abbey was a house of the Benedictine Order located in the present Hemeln-Bursfelde, part of the town of Hannoversch Münden in Lower Saxony in Germany.-History:...

, faith and Bible classes, home groups, church tourism, Church On The Move, spa and leisure ministry, missionary service, the Missionary Centre Hanstedt I, Open Churches and pilgrimage and meditation paths.

3.The Department comprises the three old work, visit the church services, women's work (working with women), men's work, the sport and the World Day of Prayer.

The Division 4 is the national evangelical youth ministry.

Division 5 includes the areas of ecumenism, European church issues related to Islam and Judaism, immigrants, the topic resettlers and Eastern Churches, along with the Association Help for Chernobyl Children, philosophical issues, arts and culture, the Decade to Overcome Violence development-related education, peace building and support of community service and volunteer services.

The faculty includes six areas of labor, economic and social affairs (KDA the Church of Hanover), handicrafts, rural areas and agriculture (Ecclesiastical service in the country of the Church of Hanover) and ecology and environmental management.

Other facilities in the house church services outside of the departments of the club 'Protestant Family Education Centre Hanover, the church service in police and customs, which is conducted together with other evangelical churches in Lower Saxony, the Protestant Adult Education Niedersachsen (EEB Confederate include ev . churches in Lower Saxony), the Protestant village nurses work and the encounter of Christians and Jews.

Director

  • (1937) 1941-1956: Oberkirchenrat Adolf Cillien
  • 1956-1961: Pastor Paul Kurth
  • 1965-1975: Former Superintendent Rudolph Herrfahrdt
  • 1975-1990: Professor Paul Gerhard Jahn
    Paul Gerhard Jahn
    Paul Gerhard Jahn was a German professor and theologian. He was a founding principal of the Evangelic University of Hanover and Director of the Office for Community Service , the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Hanover.- Life :After studying theology was Jahn Arbeiterprädikant and later social...

  • 1990-1999: Pastor Hans Joachim Schliep
    Hans Joachim Schliep
    Hans Joachim Schliep is a German Lutheran theologian and pastor. Since September 2008 he is the Commissioner for the Environment of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Hanover...

    (from 1994 Associate Higher Regional Council of Churches) (German: Ausserordentlicher Oberlandeskirchenrat)
  • 1999-2008: Pastorin Dine Fecht
  • Since 2008: Pastor Ralf Tyra

From 1979 to 2002, the then director of the Office of Community Service (since 2002: House of church Offices ) the Commissioner for the Environment (German: Umweltbeauftragter) of the Confederation of Protestant Churches in Lower Saxony ( German: Konföderation evangelischer Kirchen in Niedersachsen).

Institutions of the Church

The Church maintains in Loccum a Protestant academy and a theological seminary, which is located in the monastery Loccum. Other facilities are the Religion Pedagogical Institute and the Center for Health Ethics. Church belongs to the Hanns-Lilje Foundation.

External links

The source of this article is wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.  The text of this article is licensed under the GFDL.
 
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