Aurich
Encyclopedia
Aurich is a town
in Lower Saxony
, Germany
. It is the capital of the district of Aurich
.
n document called the Brokmerbrief in 1276. In 1517, Count Edzard from the house of Cirksena
began reconstructing the city after an attack. He established the town center, which is still in place today. In 1539, the land authorities were brought together in Aurich, making it the capital of the county and, later, East Frisia
, remaining the seat of the land authorities when East Frisia was inherited by the Kingdom of Prussia
in 1744. It passed to the Kingdom of Hanover
in 1815, and then was annexed by Prussia in 1866 and made part of the Province of Hanover
.
From October 21, 1944, until December 23, 1944, a Nazi concentration camp was established in Aurich. The camp was a subcamp to the Neuengamme concentration camp.
After World War II
, Aurich became part of the new state of Lower Saxony
.
: "Arms: Landscape with chief two-thirds sky and base third earth, a shield
Gules emblazoned with letter 'A
' Or, an open-topped crown
Or above, two growing tree
s Vert at sides. Crown: A battlement
Gules with three merlons and two embrasures. Supporters: Two branch
es of mistletoe
with leaves
and berries
Or.".
Note that the coat of arms of the district of the same name differs.
Town
A town is a human settlement larger than a village but smaller than a city. The size a settlement must be in order to be called a "town" varies considerably in different parts of the world, so that, for example, many American "small towns" seem to British people to be no more than villages, while...
in Lower Saxony
Lower Saxony
Lower Saxony is a German state situated in north-western Germany and is second in area and fourth in population among the sixteen states of Germany...
, Germany
Germany
Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...
. It is the capital of the district of Aurich
Aurich (district)
Aurich is a district in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is bounded by the North Sea, the districts of Wittmund and Leer, and the city of Emden.- History :...
.
History
The history of Aurich dates back to the 13th century, when the settlement of Aurechove was mentioned in a FrisiaFrisia
Frisia is a coastal region along the southeastern corner of the North Sea, i.e. the German Bight. Frisia is the traditional homeland of the Frisians, a Germanic people who speak Frisian, a language group closely related to the English language...
n document called the Brokmerbrief in 1276. In 1517, Count Edzard from the house of Cirksena
Cirksena
The Cirksena are noble East Frisian family descended from a line of East Frisian chieftains from Greetsiel.- The Cirksena in East Frisia :In 1439 in the wake of clashes between different lines of chieftains, the town of Emden was first placed by Hamburg under direct rule and then, in 1453, finally...
began reconstructing the city after an attack. He established the town center, which is still in place today. In 1539, the land authorities were brought together in Aurich, making it the capital of the county and, later, East Frisia
East Frisia
East Frisia or Eastern Friesland is a coastal region in the northwest of the German federal state of Lower Saxony....
, remaining the seat of the land authorities when East Frisia was inherited by the Kingdom of Prussia
Kingdom of Prussia
The Kingdom of Prussia was a German kingdom from 1701 to 1918. Until the defeat of Germany in World War I, it comprised almost two-thirds of the area of the German Empire...
in 1744. It passed to the Kingdom of Hanover
Kingdom of Hanover
The Kingdom of Hanover was established in October 1814 by the Congress of Vienna, with the restoration of George III to his Hanoverian territories after the Napoleonic era. It succeeded the former Electorate of Brunswick-Lüneburg , and joined with 38 other sovereign states in the German...
in 1815, and then was annexed by Prussia in 1866 and made part of the Province of Hanover
Province of Hanover
The Province of Hanover was a province of the Kingdom of Prussia and the Free State of Prussia from 1868 to 1946.During the Austro-Prussian War, the Kingdom of Hanover had attempted to maintain a neutral position, along with some other member states of the German Confederation...
.
From October 21, 1944, until December 23, 1944, a Nazi concentration camp was established in Aurich. The camp was a subcamp to the Neuengamme concentration camp.
After World War II
World War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
, Aurich became part of the new state of Lower Saxony
Lower Saxony
Lower Saxony is a German state situated in north-western Germany and is second in area and fourth in population among the sixteen states of Germany...
.
Coat of arms
Aurich's coat of arms is drawn by the blazonBlazon
In heraldry and heraldic vexillology, a blazon is a formal description of a coat of arms, flag or similar emblem, from which the reader can reconstruct the appropriate image...
: "Arms: Landscape with chief two-thirds sky and base third earth, a shield
Shield
A shield is a type of personal armor, meant to intercept attacks, either by stopping projectiles such as arrows or redirecting a hit from a sword, mace or battle axe to the side of the shield-bearer....
Gules emblazoned with letter 'A
A
A is the first letter and a vowel in the basic modern Latin alphabet. It is similar to the Ancient Greek letter Alpha, from which it derives.- Origins :...
' Or, an open-topped crown
Crown (headgear)
A crown is the traditional symbolic form of headgear worn by a monarch or by a deity, for whom the crown traditionally represents power, legitimacy, immortality, righteousness, victory, triumph, resurrection, honour and glory of life after death. In art, the crown may be shown being offered to...
Or above, two growing tree
Tree
A tree is a perennial woody plant. It is most often defined as a woody plant that has many secondary branches supported clear of the ground on a single main stem or trunk with clear apical dominance. A minimum height specification at maturity is cited by some authors, varying from 3 m to...
s Vert at sides. Crown: A battlement
Battlement
A battlement in defensive architecture, such as that of city walls or castles, comprises a parapet , in which portions have been cut out at intervals to allow the discharge of arrows or other missiles. These cut-out portions form crenels...
Gules with three merlons and two embrasures. Supporters: Two branch
Branch
A branch or tree branch is a woody structural member connected to but not part of the central trunk of a tree...
es of mistletoe
Mistletoe
Mistletoe is the common name for obligate hemi-parasitic plants in several families in the order Santalales. The plants in question grow attached to and within the branches of a tree or shrub.-Mistletoe in the genus Viscum:...
with leaves
Leaf
A leaf is an organ of a vascular plant, as defined in botanical terms, and in particular in plant morphology. Foliage is a mass noun that refers to leaves as a feature of plants....
and berries
Berry
The botanical definition of a berry is a fleshy fruit produced from a single ovary. Grapes are an example. The berry is the most common type of fleshy fruit in which the entire ovary wall ripens into an edible pericarp. They may have one or more carpels with a thin covering and fleshy interiors....
Or.".
Note that the coat of arms of the district of the same name differs.
Notable residents
- Rudolf Eucken (1846-1926), winner of the 1908 Nobel Prize for Literature
- Karl Heinrich UlrichsKarl Heinrich Ulrichsfor the periodical directory, see Ulrich's Periodicals DirectoryKarl-Heinrich Ulrichs , is seen today as the pioneer of the modern gay rights movement.-Early life:...
(1825-1895), pioneer of the gay rights movement, writer - Friedrich August Peter von ColombFriedrich August Peter von ColombFriedrich August Peter von Colomb was a Prussian general.-Biography:Colomb was born in Aurich, Eastern Frisia as a son of the highranking Prussian public official Pierre Colomb...
(1775-1854), PrussiaPrussiaPrussia was a German kingdom and historic state originating out of the Duchy of Prussia and the Margraviate of Brandenburg. For centuries, the House of Hohenzollern ruled Prussia, successfully expanding its size by way of an unusually well-organized and effective army. Prussia shaped the history...
n general - Yitzhak RavehYitzhak RavehYitzhak Raveh was a German-born Israeli judge who was one of the panel of three judges presiding over the trial of Adolf Eichmann.The other two judges were Moshe Landau and Benjamin Halevi.- Biography :...
(1906–1989), Israeli judge