End-systolic volume
Encyclopedia
End-systolic volume is the volume of blood
in a ventricle
at the end of contraction, or systole
, and the beginning of filling, or diastole
.
ESV is the lowest volume of blood in the ventricle at any point in the cardiac cycle
.
The main factors that affect the end-systolic volume are afterload
and the contractility of the heart.
, or ECG, the end-systolic volume will be seen at the end of the T wave. Clinically, ESV can be measured using two-dimensional echocardiography
, MRI (magnetic resonance tomography) or cardiac CT (computed tomography
).
, ESV determines the stroke volume, or output of blood by the heart during a single phase of the cardiac cycle. The stroke volume
is the difference between the end-diastolic volume
and the end-systolic volume. The end-systolic values in the table below are for the left ventricle:
The right ventricular end-systolic volume (RVESV) normally ranges between 50 and 100 mL.
Blood
Blood is a specialized bodily fluid in animals that delivers necessary substances such as nutrients and oxygen to the cells and transports metabolic waste products away from those same cells....
in a ventricle
Ventricle (heart)
In the heart, a ventricle is one of two large chambers that collect and expel blood received from an atrium towards the peripheral beds within the body and lungs. The Atria primes the Pump...
at the end of contraction, or systole
Systole (medicine)
Systole is the contraction of the heart. Used alone, it usually means the contraction of the left ventricle.In all mammals, the heart has 4 chambers. The left and right ventricles pump together. The atria and ventricles pump in sequence...
, and the beginning of filling, or diastole
Diastole
Diastole is the period of time when the heart fills with blood after systole . Ventricular diastole is the period during which the ventricles are relaxing, while atrial diastole is the period during which the atria are relaxing...
.
ESV is the lowest volume of blood in the ventricle at any point in the cardiac cycle
Cardiac cycle
The cardiac cycle is a term referring to all or any of the events related to the flow or blood pressure that occurs from the beginning of one heartbeat to the beginning of the next. The frequency of the cardiac cycle is described by the heart rate. Each beat of the heart involves five major stages...
.
The main factors that affect the end-systolic volume are afterload
Afterload
Afterload is the tension or stress developed in the wall of the left ventricle during ejection. Following Laplace's law, the tension upon the muscle fibers in the heart wall is the product of the pressure within the ventricle, multiplied by the volume within the ventricle, divided by the wall...
and the contractility of the heart.
Uses
End systolic volume can be used clinically as a measurement of the adequacy of cardiac emptying, related to systolic function. On an electrocardiogramElectrocardiogram
Electrocardiography is a transthoracic interpretation of the electrical activity of the heart over a period of time, as detected by electrodes attached to the outer surface of the skin and recorded by a device external to the body...
, or ECG, the end-systolic volume will be seen at the end of the T wave. Clinically, ESV can be measured using two-dimensional echocardiography
Echocardiography
An echocardiogram, often referred to in the medical community as a cardiac ECHO or simply an ECHO, is a sonogram of the heart . Also known as a cardiac ultrasound, it uses standard ultrasound techniques to image two-dimensional slices of the heart...
, MRI (magnetic resonance tomography) or cardiac CT (computed tomography
Computed tomography
X-ray computed tomography or Computer tomography , is a medical imaging method employing tomography created by computer processing...
).
Sample values
Along with end-diastolic volumeEnd-diastolic volume
In cardiovascular physiology, end-diastolic volume is the volume of blood in the right and/or left ventricle at end Load or filling in . Because greater EDVs cause greater distention of the ventricle, EDV is often used synonymously with preload, which refers to the length of the sarcomeres in...
, ESV determines the stroke volume, or output of blood by the heart during a single phase of the cardiac cycle. The stroke volume
Stroke volume
In cardiovascular physiology, stroke volume is the volume of blood pumped from one ventricle of the heart with each beat. SV is calculated using measurements of ventricle volumes from an echocardiogram and subtracting the volume of the blood in the ventricle at the end of a beat from the volume...
is the difference between the end-diastolic volume
End-diastolic volume
In cardiovascular physiology, end-diastolic volume is the volume of blood in the right and/or left ventricle at end Load or filling in . Because greater EDVs cause greater distention of the ventricle, EDV is often used synonymously with preload, which refers to the length of the sarcomeres in...
and the end-systolic volume. The end-systolic values in the table below are for the left ventricle:
The right ventricular end-systolic volume (RVESV) normally ranges between 50 and 100 mL.