Emperor Fushimi
Encyclopedia
Emperor Fushimi (May 10, 1265 – October 8, 1317) was the 92nd emperor
of Japan
, according to the traditional order of succession. His reign spanned the years from 1287 through 1298.
, his personal name (his imina) was .
He was the second son of Emperor Go-Fukakusa
. They were from the Jimyōin-tō line.
His name comes from the palace of the Jimyōin-tō.
and heir to his first cousin, the Daikakuji-tō Emperor Go-Uda
. Political maneuvering by Fushimi's father, the Jimyōin-tō Emperor Go-Fukakusa
, were a crucial factor in this choice.
After this, there was a short period of time in which the two lines alternated power. Two years later, the retired Emperor Go-Fukakusa
ended his reign as Cloistered Emperor
, Fushimi taking direct control.
In 1289, by making his own son (the future Emperor Go-Fushimi
) Crown Prince, he increased the antagonism of the Daikakuji line.
In 1290, the family of Asawara Tameyori made an assassination attempt on the Emperor.
During his reign, efforts were made by the noble families to defeat the government, but the power of the Bakufu
increased. In 1298, Fushimi abdicated and began his reign as cloistered emperor
.
But, three years later, in 1301, the Daikakuji Line rallied and forced Emperor Go-Fushimi
to abdicate.
In 1308, his co-operation with the Bakufu succeeding, his fourth son's enthronement as Emperor Hanazono
took place, and he again became cloistered Emperor
.
During Fushimi's reign, the alternating plan for the Daikakuji and Jimyōin lines had not yet come into being, and the two lines fought each other for the throne.
In 1317, former-Emperor Fushimi died; but his son, Emperor Hanazono did not participate in formal mourning rites for him. This was unprecedented; but this was rationalized with the explanation that Hanozono had become the adopted "son" of his older brother, former-Emperor Go-Fushimi. Fushimi is enshrined with other emperors at the imperial tomb called Fukakusa no kita no misasagi (深草北陵) in Fushimi-ku, Kyoto
.
in pre-Meiji
eras. Even during those years in which the court's actual influence outside the palace walls was minimal, the hierarchic organization persisted.
In general, this elite group included only three to four men at a time. These were hereditary courtiers whose experience and background would have brought them to the pinnacle of a life's career. During Fushimi's reign, this apex of the Daijō-kan included:
Emperor of Japan
The Emperor of Japan is, according to the 1947 Constitution of Japan, "the symbol of the state and of the unity of the people." He is a ceremonial figurehead under a form of constitutional monarchy and is head of the Japanese Imperial Family with functions as head of state. He is also the highest...
of Japan
Japan
Japan is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south...
, according to the traditional order of succession. His reign spanned the years from 1287 through 1298.
Genealogy
Before his ascension to the Chrysanthemum ThroneChrysanthemum Throne
The is the English term used to identify the throne of the Emperor of Japan. The term can refer to very specific seating, such as the takamikura throne in the Shishin-den at Kyoto Imperial Palace....
, his personal name (his imina) was .
-
- Note: Although the Roman-alphabet spellingRomanization of JapaneseThe romanization of Japanese is the application of the Latin alphabet to write the Japanese language. This method of writing is known as , less strictly romaji, literally "Roman letters", sometimes incorrectly transliterated as romanji or rōmanji. There are several different romanization systems...
of the name of this 13th-century emperor is the same as the personal name of Emperor Shōwa, the kanjiKanjiKanji are the adopted logographic Chinese characters hanzi that are used in the modern Japanese writing system along with hiragana , katakana , Indo Arabic numerals, and the occasional use of the Latin alphabet...
are different:- Emperor Fushimi, formerly Prince Hirohito (熈仁)
- Emperor Shōwa, formerly Prince HirohitoHirohito, posthumously in Japan officially called Emperor Shōwa or , was the 124th Emperor of Japan according to the traditional order, reigning from December 25, 1926, until his death in 1989. Although better known outside of Japan by his personal name Hirohito, in Japan he is now referred to...
(裕仁)
- Note: Although the Roman-alphabet spelling
He was the second son of Emperor Go-Fukakusa
Emperor Go-Fukakusa
was the 89th emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. This reign spanned the years 1246 through 1260....
. They were from the Jimyōin-tō line.
- Empress: Saionji (Fujiwara) Fujiwara no Shōshi (Fushimi)Fujiwara no Shōshi was an Empress consort of Japan. She was the consort of Emperor Fushimi of Japan.-Notes:...
(西園寺（藤原）金章子) - Lady-in-waiting: Daughter of Miki (Minamoto) ?? (三木（源）具氏)
- Lady-in-waiting: Itsutsuji (Fujiwara) Tsuneko ?? (五辻（藤原）経子)
- First son: Imperial Prince Tanehito (胤仁親王) (Emperor Go-FushimiEmperor Go-FushimiEmperor Go-Fushimi was the 93rd emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession...
)
- First son: Imperial Prince Tanehito (胤仁親王) (Emperor Go-Fushimi
- Consort: Tōin Fujiwara ?? (洞院（藤原）季子)
- First daughter: Imperial Princess ?? (甝子内親王 (甝 = 王壽))
- Second daughter: Imperial Princess Shigeko ?? (誉子内親王)
- Second son: Imperial Prince ?? (寛性入道親王) (Buddhist Lay Priest)
- Third daughter: Imperial Princess ?? (延子内親王)
- Fourth son: Imperial Prince Tomihito (富仁親王) (Emperor HanazonoEmperor HanazonoEmperor Hanazono was the 95th emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession...
)
His name comes from the palace of the Jimyōin-tō.
Events of Fushimi's life
Hirohito-shinnō was named Crown PrinceCrown Prince
A crown prince or crown princess is the heir or heiress apparent to the throne in a royal or imperial monarchy. The wife of a crown prince is also titled crown princess....
and heir to his first cousin, the Daikakuji-tō Emperor Go-Uda
Emperor Go-Uda
Emperor Go-Uda was the 91st emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession...
. Political maneuvering by Fushimi's father, the Jimyōin-tō Emperor Go-Fukakusa
Emperor Go-Fukakusa
was the 89th emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. This reign spanned the years 1246 through 1260....
, were a crucial factor in this choice.
- 1287 (Kōan 10, 10th month): In the 13th year of Go-Uda-tennō 's reign (後宇多天皇13年), the emperor abdicated; and the succession (senso) was received by his cousin. Shortly thereafter, Emperor Fushimi is said to have acceded to the throne (sokui).
After this, there was a short period of time in which the two lines alternated power. Two years later, the retired Emperor Go-Fukakusa
Emperor Go-Fukakusa
was the 89th emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. This reign spanned the years 1246 through 1260....
ended his reign as Cloistered Emperor
Cloistered rule
The Insei system , or cloistered rule, was a specific form of government in Japan during the Heian period. In this bifurcated system, an Emperor abdicated, but he retained power and influence. The emperors who withdrew to live in monasteries continued to act in ways which were intended to...
, Fushimi taking direct control.
In 1289, by making his own son (the future Emperor Go-Fushimi
Emperor Go-Fushimi
Emperor Go-Fushimi was the 93rd emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession...
) Crown Prince, he increased the antagonism of the Daikakuji line.
In 1290, the family of Asawara Tameyori made an assassination attempt on the Emperor.
During his reign, efforts were made by the noble families to defeat the government, but the power of the Bakufu
Kamakura shogunate
The Kamakura shogunate was a military dictatorship in Japan headed by the shoguns from 1185 to 1333. It was based in Kamakura. The Kamakura period draws its name from the capital of the shogunate...
increased. In 1298, Fushimi abdicated and began his reign as cloistered emperor
Cloistered rule
The Insei system , or cloistered rule, was a specific form of government in Japan during the Heian period. In this bifurcated system, an Emperor abdicated, but he retained power and influence. The emperors who withdrew to live in monasteries continued to act in ways which were intended to...
.
But, three years later, in 1301, the Daikakuji Line rallied and forced Emperor Go-Fushimi
Emperor Go-Fushimi
Emperor Go-Fushimi was the 93rd emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession...
to abdicate.
In 1308, his co-operation with the Bakufu succeeding, his fourth son's enthronement as Emperor Hanazono
Emperor Hanazono
Emperor Hanazono was the 95th emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession...
took place, and he again became cloistered Emperor
Cloistered rule
The Insei system , or cloistered rule, was a specific form of government in Japan during the Heian period. In this bifurcated system, an Emperor abdicated, but he retained power and influence. The emperors who withdrew to live in monasteries continued to act in ways which were intended to...
.
During Fushimi's reign, the alternating plan for the Daikakuji and Jimyōin lines had not yet come into being, and the two lines fought each other for the throne.
- 1313 (ShōwaShowa (first)was a after Ōchō and before Bunpō. This period spanned the years from March 1312 through February 1317. The reigning emperor was .-Change of era:* 1311 : The new era name was created to mark an event or series of events...
2, 10th month): Retired Emperor Fushimi shaved his head and became a Buddhist monk; and the power to administer the court of reigning Emperor Hanazono shifted to his adopted son, former-Emperor Go-FushimiEmperor Go-FushimiEmperor Go-Fushimi was the 93rd emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession...
.
In 1317, former-Emperor Fushimi died; but his son, Emperor Hanazono did not participate in formal mourning rites for him. This was unprecedented; but this was rationalized with the explanation that Hanozono had become the adopted "son" of his older brother, former-Emperor Go-Fushimi. Fushimi is enshrined with other emperors at the imperial tomb called Fukakusa no kita no misasagi (深草北陵) in Fushimi-ku, Kyoto
Fushimi-ku, Kyoto
is one of the eleven wards in the city of Kyoto, in Kyoto Prefecture, Japan. Famous places in Fushimi include the Fushimi Inari Shrine, with thousands of torii lining the paths up and down a mountain; Fushimi Castle, originally built by Toyotomi Hideyoshi, with its rebuilt towers and gold-lined...
.
Kugyō
is a collective term for the very few most powerful men attached to the court of the Emperor of JapanEmperor of Japan
The Emperor of Japan is, according to the 1947 Constitution of Japan, "the symbol of the state and of the unity of the people." He is a ceremonial figurehead under a form of constitutional monarchy and is head of the Japanese Imperial Family with functions as head of state. He is also the highest...
in pre-Meiji
Meiji period
The , also known as the Meiji era, is a Japanese era which extended from September 1868 through July 1912. This period represents the first half of the Empire of Japan.- Meiji Restoration and the emperor :...
eras. Even during those years in which the court's actual influence outside the palace walls was minimal, the hierarchic organization persisted.
In general, this elite group included only three to four men at a time. These were hereditary courtiers whose experience and background would have brought them to the pinnacle of a life's career. During Fushimi's reign, this apex of the Daijō-kan included:
- Kampaku, Nijō MorotadaNijo Morotada, son of regent Nijō Yoshizane, was a Japanese kugyō of the Kamakura period of Japan. He held a regent position kampaku from 1287 to 1289. He adopted Nijō Kanemoto as his son.-References:...
, 1287–1289 - Kampaku, Konoe IemotoKonoe Iemoto, son of Motohira, was a kugyō or Japanese court noble of the Kamakura period . He held a regent position kampaku from 1289 and 1291 and from 1293 to 1296. He had sons Tsunehira with a daughter of Emperor Kameyama and Iehira with a daughter of regent Takatsukasa Kanehira.-References:...
, 1289–1291 - Kampaku, Kujō TadanoriKujo Tadanori, son of regent Tadaie, was a kugyō or Japanese court noble of the Kamakura period. He held a regent position kampaku from 1291 to 1293. Moronori and Fusazane were his sons.-References:...
, 1291–1293 - Kampaku, Konoe Iemoto, 1293–1296
- Kampaku, Takatsukasa KanetadaTakatsukasa Kanetada, son of Kanehira, was a court noble of the Kamakura period. He held the regent positions of Kampaku from 1296 to 1298 and Sessho since 1298. In 1301 he retired and became a priest. Regent Fuyuhira was his son. His other sons include: and ; they did not become kampaku or sessho...
, 1296–1298 - SadaijinSadaijin, most commonly translated as "Minister of the Left", was a government position in Japan in the late Nara and Heian periods. The position was consolidated in the Taihō Code of 702. The Asuka Kiyomihara Code of 689 marks the initial appearance of the Sadaijin in the context of a central...
- UdaijinUdaijinUdaijin , most commonly translated as the "Minister of the Right", was a government position in Japan in the late Nara and Heian periods. The position was consolidated in the Taihō Code of 702. The Asuka Kiyomihara Code of 689 marks the initial appearance of the Udaijin in the context of a central...
- Nadaijin
- DainagonDainagonwas a counselor of the first rank in the Imperial court of Japan. The role dates from the 7th century.This advisory position remained a part of the Imperial court from the 8th century until the Meiji period in the 19th century....
Eras of Fushimi's reign
The years of Fushimi's reign are more specifically identified by more than one era name or nengō.- Kōan (1278–1288)
- Shōō (1288–1293)
- EininEininwas a after Shōō and before Shōan. This period spanned the years from August 1293 through April 1299. The reigning emperors were and .-Change of era:* 1298 : The new era name was created to mark an event or a number of events...
(1293–1299)
See also
- Emperor of JapanEmperor of JapanThe Emperor of Japan is, according to the 1947 Constitution of Japan, "the symbol of the state and of the unity of the people." He is a ceremonial figurehead under a form of constitutional monarchy and is head of the Japanese Imperial Family with functions as head of state. He is also the highest...
- List of Emperors of Japan
- Imperial cultImperial cultAn imperial cult is a form of state religion in which an emperor, or a dynasty of emperors , are worshipped as messiahs, demigods or deities. "Cult" here is used to mean "worship", not in the modern pejorative sense...