Emperor Go-Fukakusa
Encyclopedia
was the 89th emperor
of Japan
, according to the traditional order of succession. This reign spanned the years 1246 through 1260.
This 13th century sovereign was named after the 9th century Emperor Nimmyō
and go- (後), translates literally as "later;" and thus, he could be called the "Later Emperor Fukakusa". The Japanese word "go" has also been translated to mean the "second one;" and in some older sources, this emperor may be identified as "Fukakusa, the second," or as "Fukakusa II."
, his personal name (his imina) was .
He was the second son of Emperor Go-Saga
.
In 1259, at the insistence of Retired Emperor Go-Saga, he abdicated at the age of 15 to his younger brother, who would become Emperor Kameyama
.
After Emperor Go-Uda
's ascension in 1260, Saionji Sanekane negotiated with the Bakufu, and succeeded in getting Emperor Go-Fukakusa's son Hirohito named as Crown Prince. In 1287, with his ascension as Emperor Fushimi
, Go-Fukakusa's cloistered rule
began.
In 1290, he entered the priesthood, retiring from the position of cloistered Emperor. But, with his seventh son, Imperial Prince Hisaaki
becoming the 8th Kamakura shōgun
among other things, the position of his Jimyōin-tō became strengthened.
In 1304, he died. He is enshrined with other emperors at the imperial tomb called Fukakusa no kita no misasagi (深草北陵) in Fushimi-ku, Kyoto
.
in pre-Meiji
eras. Even during those years in which the court's actual influence outside the palace walls was minimal, the hierarchic organization persisted.
In general, this elite group included only three to four men at a time. These were hereditary courtiers whose experience and background would have brought them to the pinnacle of a life's career. During Go-Fukakusa's reign, this apex of the Daijō-kan included:
Emperor of Japan
The Emperor of Japan is, according to the 1947 Constitution of Japan, "the symbol of the state and of the unity of the people." He is a ceremonial figurehead under a form of constitutional monarchy and is head of the Japanese Imperial Family with functions as head of state. He is also the highest...
of Japan
Japan
Japan is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south...
, according to the traditional order of succession. This reign spanned the years 1246 through 1260.
This 13th century sovereign was named after the 9th century Emperor Nimmyō
Emperor Nimmyo
was the 54th emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. Ninmyō's reign lasted from 833 to 850.-Traditional narrative:Ninmyō was the second son of Emperor Saga and the Empress Tachibana no Kachiko. His personal name was...
and go- (後), translates literally as "later;" and thus, he could be called the "Later Emperor Fukakusa". The Japanese word "go" has also been translated to mean the "second one;" and in some older sources, this emperor may be identified as "Fukakusa, the second," or as "Fukakusa II."
Genealogy
Before his ascension to the Chrysanthemum ThroneChrysanthemum Throne
The is the English term used to identify the throne of the Emperor of Japan. The term can refer to very specific seating, such as the takamikura throne in the Shishin-den at Kyoto Imperial Palace....
, his personal name (his imina) was .
-
- Note: Although the Roman-alphabetRomanization of JapaneseThe romanization of Japanese is the application of the Latin alphabet to write the Japanese language. This method of writing is known as , less strictly romaji, literally "Roman letters", sometimes incorrectly transliterated as romanji or rōmanji. There are several different romanization systems...
spelling of the name of this 13th-century emperor is the same as that of the personal name of a current member of the Imperial family, the kanjiKanjiKanji are the adopted logographic Chinese characters hanzi that are used in the modern Japanese writing system along with hiragana , katakana , Indo Arabic numerals, and the occasional use of the Latin alphabet...
are different:- Emperor Go-Fukakusa, formerly Prince Hisahito (久仁)
- Prince Hisahito of AkishinoPrince Hisahito of Akishinois the third child of the Prince and Princess Akishino, and their only son. He is third in line to become Emperor of Japan.Prince Hisahito has two older sisters, Princess Mako of Akishino and Princess Kako of Akishino .- Name :His personal name Hisahito in this case means "serene and virtuous,"...
(悠仁)
- Note: Although the Roman-alphabet
He was the second son of Emperor Go-Saga
Emperor Go-Saga
Emperor Go-Saga was the 88th emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession...
- Empress: Saionji (Fujiwara) Kimiko (西園寺（藤原）公子) (daughter of his mother's younger sister and Emperor Go-SagaEmperor Go-SagaEmperor Go-Saga was the 88th emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession...
's adopted son/nephew)- Second daughter: Imperial Princess Takako (貴子内親王)
- Third daughter: Imperial Princess Reiko (姈子内親王) (wife of Emperor Go-UdaEmperor Go-UdaEmperor Go-Uda was the 91st emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession...
)
- Lady-in-waiting: Daughter of Miki? (Fujiwara) ?? (三木（藤原）茂通)
- Eighth son: Prince ?? (三木（藤原）茂通) (Buddhist Priest)
- Sixth daughter: Imperial Princess ?? (永子内親王)
- Consort: Tōin (Fujiwara) ?? (洞院（藤原）愔子)
- Fourth daughter: Imperial Princess Hisako (久子内親王)
- Second son: Imperial Prince Hirohito (熈仁親王) (Emperor FushimiEmperor FushimiEmperor Fushimi was the 92nd emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession...
) - Third son: Prince ?? (性仁法親王) (Buddhist Priest)
- Consort: Miki? (Fujiwara) Fusako (三条（藤原）房子)
- Fifth son: Prince Gyōkaku (行覚法親王) (Buddhist Priest)
- Seventh son: Imperial Prince HisaakiPrince HisaakiPrince Hisaaki was the eighth shogun of the Kamakura shogunate of Japan.He was the nominal ruler controlled by Hōjō clan regents...
(久明親王) (8th ShōgunShogunA was one of the hereditary military dictators of Japan from 1192 to 1867. In this period, the shoguns, or their shikken regents , were the de facto rulers of Japan though they were nominally appointed by the emperor...
of Kamakura ShogunateKamakura shogunateThe Kamakura shogunate was a military dictatorship in Japan headed by the shoguns from 1185 to 1333. It was based in Kamakura. The Kamakura period draws its name from the capital of the shogunate...
) - Ninth son: Prince ?? (増覚法親王) (Buddhist Priest)
- Consort: Saionji (Fujiwara) Aiko (西園寺（藤原）相子)
- Fifth daughter: Princess Hanako/Eiko/Akiko (瑛子内親王)
Events of Go-Fukakusa's life
formally became at the age of 2; and Go-Saga began to exercise power as cloistered EmperorCloistered rule
The Insei system , or cloistered rule, was a specific form of government in Japan during the Heian period. In this bifurcated system, an Emperor abdicated, but he retained power and influence. The emperors who withdrew to live in monasteries continued to act in ways which were intended to...
.
- 1247 (KangenKangenwas a after Ninji and before Hoji. This period spanned the years from February 1243 to February 1247. The reigning emperor was .-Change of era:; 1243: The new era name was created to mark an event or a number of events...
4, 1st month): In the 4th year of Go-Saga-tennō 's reign (後嵯峨天皇4年), he abdicated; and despite the succession (‘‘senso’’) was received by his 4-year-old son. Shortly thereafter, Emperor Go-Fukakusa is said to have acceded to the throne (‘‘sokui’’).
In 1259, at the insistence of Retired Emperor Go-Saga, he abdicated at the age of 15 to his younger brother, who would become Emperor Kameyama
Emperor Kameyama
was the 90th emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. His reign spanned the years from 1259 through 1274.-Genealogy:...
.
After Emperor Go-Uda
Emperor Go-Uda
Emperor Go-Uda was the 91st emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession...
's ascension in 1260, Saionji Sanekane negotiated with the Bakufu, and succeeded in getting Emperor Go-Fukakusa's son Hirohito named as Crown Prince. In 1287, with his ascension as Emperor Fushimi
Emperor Fushimi
Emperor Fushimi was the 92nd emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession...
, Go-Fukakusa's cloistered rule
Cloistered rule
The Insei system , or cloistered rule, was a specific form of government in Japan during the Heian period. In this bifurcated system, an Emperor abdicated, but he retained power and influence. The emperors who withdrew to live in monasteries continued to act in ways which were intended to...
began.
In 1290, he entered the priesthood, retiring from the position of cloistered Emperor. But, with his seventh son, Imperial Prince Hisaaki
Prince Hisaaki
Prince Hisaaki was the eighth shogun of the Kamakura shogunate of Japan.He was the nominal ruler controlled by Hōjō clan regents...
becoming the 8th Kamakura shōgun
Kamakura shogunate
The Kamakura shogunate was a military dictatorship in Japan headed by the shoguns from 1185 to 1333. It was based in Kamakura. The Kamakura period draws its name from the capital of the shogunate...
among other things, the position of his Jimyōin-tō became strengthened.
In 1304, he died. He is enshrined with other emperors at the imperial tomb called Fukakusa no kita no misasagi (深草北陵) in Fushimi-ku, Kyoto
Fushimi-ku, Kyoto
is one of the eleven wards in the city of Kyoto, in Kyoto Prefecture, Japan. Famous places in Fushimi include the Fushimi Inari Shrine, with thousands of torii lining the paths up and down a mountain; Fushimi Castle, originally built by Toyotomi Hideyoshi, with its rebuilt towers and gold-lined...
.
Kugyō
is a collective term for the very few most powerful men attached to the court of the Emperor of JapanEmperor of Japan
The Emperor of Japan is, according to the 1947 Constitution of Japan, "the symbol of the state and of the unity of the people." He is a ceremonial figurehead under a form of constitutional monarchy and is head of the Japanese Imperial Family with functions as head of state. He is also the highest...
in pre-Meiji
Meiji period
The , also known as the Meiji era, is a Japanese era which extended from September 1868 through July 1912. This period represents the first half of the Empire of Japan.- Meiji Restoration and the emperor :...
eras. Even during those years in which the court's actual influence outside the palace walls was minimal, the hierarchic organization persisted.
In general, this elite group included only three to four men at a time. These were hereditary courtiers whose experience and background would have brought them to the pinnacle of a life's career. During Go-Fukakusa's reign, this apex of the Daijō-kan included:
- Sesshō, Ichijō SanetsuneIchijo Sanetsune, son of regent Michiie, was a kugyō or Japanese court noble of the Kamakura period . He was the founding father of the Ichijō family, one of the five regent houses which monopolized regent positions in Japan's imperial court. He held regent positions kampaku in 1246 and from 1265 to 1267, and...
, 1246–1247 - Sesshō, Konoe KanetsuneKonoe Kanetsune, son of Iezane, was a Kugyō or Japanese court noble of the early Kamakura period. He held regent positions as follows:* sesshō * kampaku * sesshō With a daughter of Kujō Michiie he had a son Motohira.-References:...
, 1247–1252 - Sesshō, Takatsukasa KanehiraTakatsukasa Kanehira, 4th son of Konoe Iezane, was a court noble of the Kamakura period and founding father of the Takatsukasa family. His sons include Kanetada and Mototada....
, 1252–1254 - Kampaku, Takatsukasa Kanehira, 1254–1261
- SadaijinSadaijin, most commonly translated as "Minister of the Left", was a government position in Japan in the late Nara and Heian periods. The position was consolidated in the Taihō Code of 702. The Asuka Kiyomihara Code of 689 marks the initial appearance of the Sadaijin in the context of a central...
- UdaijinUdaijinUdaijin , most commonly translated as the "Minister of the Right", was a government position in Japan in the late Nara and Heian periods. The position was consolidated in the Taihō Code of 702. The Asuka Kiyomihara Code of 689 marks the initial appearance of the Udaijin in the context of a central...
- Nadaijin
- DainagonDainagonwas a counselor of the first rank in the Imperial court of Japan. The role dates from the 7th century.This advisory position remained a part of the Imperial court from the 8th century until the Meiji period in the 19th century....
Eras of Go-Fukakusa's reign
The years of Go-Fukakusa's reign are more specifically identified by more than one era name or nengō.- KangenKangenwas a after Ninji and before Hoji. This period spanned the years from February 1243 to February 1247. The reigning emperor was .-Change of era:; 1243: The new era name was created to mark an event or a number of events...
(1243–1247) - HōjiHojiwas a after Kangen and before Kenchō. This period spanned the years from February 1247 to March 1249. The reigning emperor was .-Change of era:* 1247 ; 1247: The new era name was created to mark an event or a number of events...
(1247–1249) - KenchōKenchowas a after Hōji and before Kōgen. This period spanned the years from March 1249 to October 1256. The reigning emperor was .-Change of era:...
(1249–1257) - KōgenKogen- People :* Arnie Kogen, a TV comedy writer and producer and longtime writer for Mad Magazine* Jay Kogen, an American comedy writer and the son of Arnie Kogen* Emperor Kōgen , the eighth emperor of Japan...
(1256–1257) - ShōkaShokawas a after Kōgen and before Shōgen. This period spanned the years from March 1257 to March 1259. The reigning emperor was .-Change of era:...
(1257–1259) - ShōgenShogenwas a after Shōka and before Bun'ō. This period spanned the years from March 1259 through April 1260. The reigning emperors were and .-Change of era:* 1259 : The new era name was created to mark an event or a number of events...
(1259–1260)
See also
- Emperor of JapanEmperor of JapanThe Emperor of Japan is, according to the 1947 Constitution of Japan, "the symbol of the state and of the unity of the people." He is a ceremonial figurehead under a form of constitutional monarchy and is head of the Japanese Imperial Family with functions as head of state. He is also the highest...
- List of Emperors of Japan
- Imperial cultImperial cultAn imperial cult is a form of state religion in which an emperor, or a dynasty of emperors , are worshipped as messiahs, demigods or deities. "Cult" here is used to mean "worship", not in the modern pejorative sense...
- Prince Hisahito of AkishinoPrince Hisahito of Akishinois the third child of the Prince and Princess Akishino, and their only son. He is third in line to become Emperor of Japan.Prince Hisahito has two older sisters, Princess Mako of Akishino and Princess Kako of Akishino .- Name :His personal name Hisahito in this case means "serene and virtuous,"...