Edward Thomas Daniell
Encyclopedia
Edward Thomas Daniell was an English landscape painter
and etcher associated with the Norwich School of artists.
of a Norfolk
family, but brought up in Norwich
. He was taught drawing at the Norwich Grammar School
by John Crome
. His early etchings recall those of Crome but he soon came under the influence of J.M.W. Turner. In 1823, Daniell went up to Balliol College, Oxford
. While at Oxford
he became the friend of John Linnel
l, from whom he received some lessons in oil painting
. He graduated from Oxford in 1828. The following year he travelled on the continent and etched and painted, returning to England in late 1830.
In 1832 he was ordained, and for a year and a half was curate
at Banham
, a Norfolk village. In 1834 he was appointed to the curacy of St. Martin's, North Audley Street in London. His house in Park Lane
became a resort of painters that included John Linnell, J. M. W. Turner, David Roberts
, William Dyce
, Thomas Creswick
, William Collins
, Abraham Cooper
, John Callcott Horsley
, William Clarkson Stanfield
and others. His house was described as a treasure-house of art that comprised works by some of the best painters of the day.
In 1832 he exhibited, with the Norwich Society of Artists, a number of his own pictures of scenes in Italy
, Switzerland
and France
. Inspired by the example of David Roberts, who had made a long trip to Egypt and the Holy Land
to gather material, he set out to see the East in 1840. He was in Greece
at the end of the year, crossed to Egypt
early in 1841, travelled up the Nile
to Nubia
, then from Egypt to Palestine
, and on to Syria
, reaching Beirut
in October.
In Smyrna
he fell in with an English party on board H.M.S. Beacon, which had been sent by British Government to Lycia
to bring home antiquities discovered by Sir Charles Fellows
at Xanthos
, for the British Museum
. Daniell joined the expedition. When Fellows left, he remained behind to make a more thorough survey of the country, in company with Spratt
, a lieutenant in the Navy, and Edward Forbes
, a naturalist
.
Daniell produced a series of sixty-four drawings, now in the British Museum, that picture the wanderings of the travellers from day to day. Their most striking feature is the air of space and magnitude conveyed and the fluid wash of sunlight in the region’s towering gorges and open valleys. While returning from Rhodes
, he caught a fever. He recovered, but undertook a solitary expedition in Pamphylia
and Pisidia
at the hottest season of the year. He fell ill again at Adalia
, and died there, September 24, 1842, He was thirty-eight.
of Norwich, towards that of Andrew Geddes
and the Scottish etchers, whose work he probably saw while in Scotland
in the summer of 1831. His later works excel in the use of drypoint
. It has been said that he may claim, equally with Andrew Geddes, the honour of anticipating the revival of etching associated with the names of Francis Seymour Haden
and J.M. Whistler.
Painting
Painting is the practice of applying paint, pigment, color or other medium to a surface . The application of the medium is commonly applied to the base with a brush but other objects can be used. In art, the term painting describes both the act and the result of the action. However, painting is...
and etcher associated with the Norwich School of artists.
Life
Daniell was born in LondonLondon
London is the capital city of :England and the :United Kingdom, the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom, and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures. Located on the River Thames, London has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history going back to its...
of a Norfolk
Norfolk
Norfolk is a low-lying county in the East of England. It has borders with Lincolnshire to the west, Cambridgeshire to the west and southwest and Suffolk to the south. Its northern and eastern boundaries are the North Sea coast and to the north-west the county is bordered by The Wash. The county...
family, but brought up in Norwich
Norwich
Norwich is a city in England. It is the regional administrative centre and county town of Norfolk. During the 11th century, Norwich was the largest city in England after London, and one of the most important places in the kingdom...
. He was taught drawing at the Norwich Grammar School
Norwich School (educational institution)
Norwich School is an independent school located in Norwich, United Kingdom. It is one of the oldest schools in the world, with a traceable history to 1096, and is a member of The Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference.It is a fee-paying, co-educational day school and has one of the best...
by John Crome
John Crome
John Crome was an English landscape artist of the Romantic era, one of the principal artists of the "Norwich school". He is known as Old Crome to distinguish him from his son, John Berney Crome, who was also a well-known artist.-Life and work:Crome was born in Norwich in Norfolk, the son of a weaver...
. His early etchings recall those of Crome but he soon came under the influence of J.M.W. Turner. In 1823, Daniell went up to Balliol College, Oxford
Balliol College, Oxford
Balliol College , founded in 1263, is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in England but founded by a family with strong Scottish connections....
. While at Oxford
Oxford
The city of Oxford is the county town of Oxfordshire, England. The city, made prominent by its medieval university, has a population of just under 165,000, with 153,900 living within the district boundary. It lies about 50 miles north-west of London. The rivers Cherwell and Thames run through...
he became the friend of John Linnel
John Linnell (painter)
John Linnell was an English landscape painter. Linnell was a naturalist and a rival to John Constable. He had a taste for Northern European art of the Renaissance, particularly Albrecht Dürer. He also associated with William Blake, to whom he introduced Samuel Palmer and others of the...
l, from whom he received some lessons in oil painting
Oil painting
Oil painting is the process of painting with pigments that are bound with a medium of drying oil—especially in early modern Europe, linseed oil. Often an oil such as linseed was boiled with a resin such as pine resin or even frankincense; these were called 'varnishes' and were prized for their body...
. He graduated from Oxford in 1828. The following year he travelled on the continent and etched and painted, returning to England in late 1830.
In 1832 he was ordained, and for a year and a half was curate
Curate
A curate is a person who is invested with the care or cure of souls of a parish. In this sense "curate" correctly means a parish priest but in English-speaking countries a curate is an assistant to the parish priest...
at Banham
Banham
Banham is a village and civil parish in the English county of Norfolk. The village is about 7 miles north of Diss, 12 miles east of Thetford and 20 miles south west of Norwich. It is home to Banham Zoo....
, a Norfolk village. In 1834 he was appointed to the curacy of St. Martin's, North Audley Street in London. His house in Park Lane
Park Lane (road)
Park Lane is a major road in the City of Westminster, in Central London.-History:Originally a country lane running north-south along what is now the eastern boundary of Hyde Park, it became a fashionable residential address from the eighteenth century onwards, offering both views across Hyde Park...
became a resort of painters that included John Linnell, J. M. W. Turner, David Roberts
David Roberts (painter)
David Roberts RA was a Scottish painter. He is especially known for a prolific series of detailed lithograph prints of Egypt and the Near East that he produced during the 1840s from sketches he made during long tours of the region . These, and his large oil paintings of similar subjects, made him...
, William Dyce
William Dyce
William Dyce was a distinguished Scottish artist, who played a significant part in the formation of public art education in the UK, as perhaps the true parent of the South Kensington Schools system.Dyce began his career at the Royal Academy schools, and then traveled to Rome for the first time in...
, Thomas Creswick
Thomas Creswick
Thomas Creswick was an English landscape painter and illustrator.-Biography:Creswick was born in Sheffield . He was the son of Thomas Creswick and Mary Epworth and educated at Hazelwood, near Birmingham.At Birmingham he first began to paint...
, William Collins
William Collins (painter)
William Collins was an English landscape and genre painter. In the late 19th century his work was more popular and highly valued than even Turner or Constable.-Life and work:...
, Abraham Cooper
Abraham Cooper
Abraham Cooper , English animal and battle painter, the son of a tobacconist, was born in London.At the age of thirteen he became an employee at Astley's Amphitheatre, and was afterwards groomed in the service of Sir Henry Meux...
, John Callcott Horsley
John Callcott Horsley
John Callcott Horsley RA , was an English Academic painter of genre and historical scenes, illustrator, and designer of the first Christmas card. He was a member of the artist's colony in Cranbrook.-Life:...
, William Clarkson Stanfield
William Clarkson Stanfield
Clarkson Frederick Stanfield was a prominent English marine painter; he is often though inaccurately called William Clarkson Stanfield.-Early life:...
and others. His house was described as a treasure-house of art that comprised works by some of the best painters of the day.
In 1832 he exhibited, with the Norwich Society of Artists, a number of his own pictures of scenes in Italy
Italy
Italy , officially the Italian Republic languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Italy's official name is as follows:;;;;;;;;), is a unitary parliamentary republic in South-Central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and...
, Switzerland
Switzerland
Switzerland name of one of the Swiss cantons. ; ; ; or ), in its full name the Swiss Confederation , is a federal republic consisting of 26 cantons, with Bern as the seat of the federal authorities. The country is situated in Western Europe,Or Central Europe depending on the definition....
and France
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
. Inspired by the example of David Roberts, who had made a long trip to Egypt and the Holy Land
Holy Land
The Holy Land is a term which in Judaism refers to the Kingdom of Israel as defined in the Tanakh. For Jews, the Land's identifiction of being Holy is defined in Judaism by its differentiation from other lands by virtue of the practice of Judaism often possible only in the Land of Israel...
to gather material, he set out to see the East in 1840. He was in Greece
Greece
Greece , officially the Hellenic Republic , and historically Hellas or the Republic of Greece in English, is a country in southeastern Europe....
at the end of the year, crossed to Egypt
Egypt
Egypt , officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, Arabic: , is a country mainly in North Africa, with the Sinai Peninsula forming a land bridge in Southwest Asia. Egypt is thus a transcontinental country, and a major power in Africa, the Mediterranean Basin, the Middle East and the Muslim world...
early in 1841, travelled up the Nile
Nile
The Nile is a major north-flowing river in North Africa, generally regarded as the longest river in the world. It is long. It runs through the ten countries of Sudan, South Sudan, Burundi, Rwanda, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Tanzania, Kenya, Ethiopia, Uganda and Egypt.The Nile has two major...
to Nubia
Nubia
Nubia is a region along the Nile river, which is located in northern Sudan and southern Egypt.There were a number of small Nubian kingdoms throughout the Middle Ages, the last of which collapsed in 1504, when Nubia became divided between Egypt and the Sennar sultanate resulting in the Arabization...
, then from Egypt to Palestine
Palestine
Palestine is a conventional name, among others, used to describe the geographic region between the Mediterranean Sea and the Jordan River, and various adjoining lands....
, and on to Syria
Syria
Syria , officially the Syrian Arab Republic , is a country in Western Asia, bordering Lebanon and the Mediterranean Sea to the West, Turkey to the north, Iraq to the east, Jordan to the south, and Israel to the southwest....
, reaching Beirut
Beirut
Beirut is the capital and largest city of Lebanon, with a population ranging from 1 million to more than 2 million . Located on a peninsula at the midpoint of Lebanon's Mediterranean coastline, it serves as the country's largest and main seaport, and also forms the Beirut Metropolitan...
in October.
In Smyrna
Smyrna
Smyrna was an ancient city located at a central and strategic point on the Aegean coast of Anatolia. Thanks to its advantageous port conditions, its ease of defence and its good inland connections, Smyrna rose to prominence. The ancient city is located at two sites within modern İzmir, Turkey...
he fell in with an English party on board H.M.S. Beacon, which had been sent by British Government to Lycia
Lycia
Lycia Lycian: Trm̃mis; ) was a region in Anatolia in what are now the provinces of Antalya and Muğla on the southern coast of Turkey. It was a federation of ancient cities in the region and later a province of the Roman Empire...
to bring home antiquities discovered by Sir Charles Fellows
Charles Fellows
Sir Charles Fellows was a British archaeologist.-Bigography:Fellows was born at Nottingham, where his family had an estate. When fourteen he drew sketches to illustrate a trip to the ruins of Newstead Abbey, which afterwards appeared on the title-page of Moore's Life of Lord Byron...
at Xanthos
Xanthos
Xanthos was the name of a city in ancient Lycia, the site of present day Kınık, Antalya Province, Turkey, and of the river on which the city is situated...
, for the British Museum
British Museum
The British Museum is a museum of human history and culture in London. Its collections, which number more than seven million objects, are amongst the largest and most comprehensive in the world and originate from all continents, illustrating and documenting the story of human culture from its...
. Daniell joined the expedition. When Fellows left, he remained behind to make a more thorough survey of the country, in company with Spratt
Thomas Abel Brimage Spratt
Thomas Abel Brimage Spratt was an English vice-admiral, hydrographer and geologist.He was born at Woodway House, East Teignmouth, the eldest surviving son of Commander James Spratt, RN, a hero of Trafalgar. He entered the navy in 1827 and was attached to the surveying branch on "HMS Victory"...
, a lieutenant in the Navy, and Edward Forbes
Edward Forbes
Professor Edward Forbes FRS, FGS was a Manx naturalist.-Early years:Forbes was born at Douglas, in the Isle of Man. While still a child, when not engaged in reading, or in the writing of verses and drawing of caricatures, he occupied himself with the collecting of insects, shells, minerals,...
, a naturalist
Naturalist
Naturalist may refer to:* Practitioner of natural history* Conservationist* Advocate of naturalism * Naturalist , autobiography-See also:* The American Naturalist, periodical* Naturalism...
.
Daniell produced a series of sixty-four drawings, now in the British Museum, that picture the wanderings of the travellers from day to day. Their most striking feature is the air of space and magnitude conveyed and the fluid wash of sunlight in the region’s towering gorges and open valleys. While returning from Rhodes
Rhodes
Rhodes is an island in Greece, located in the eastern Aegean Sea. It is the largest of the Dodecanese islands in terms of both land area and population, with a population of 117,007, and also the island group's historical capital. Administratively the island forms a separate municipality within...
, he caught a fever. He recovered, but undertook a solitary expedition in Pamphylia
Pamphylia
In ancient geography, Pamphylia was the region in the south of Asia Minor, between Lycia and Cilicia, extending from the Mediterranean to Mount Taurus . It was bounded on the north by Pisidia and was therefore a country of small extent, having a coast-line of only about 75 miles with a breadth of...
and Pisidia
Pisidia
Pisidia was a region of ancient Asia Minor located north of Lycia, and bordering Caria, Lydia, Phrygia and Pamphylia. It corresponds roughly to the modern-day province of Antalya in Turkey...
at the hottest season of the year. He fell ill again at Adalia
Antalya
Antalya is a city on the Mediterranean coast of southwestern Turkey. With a population 1,001,318 as of 2010. It is the eighth most populous city in Turkey and country's biggest international sea resort.- History :...
, and died there, September 24, 1842, He was thirty-eight.
Works
Daniell's etchings are the most remarkable of his works. He developed a freedom of line that moved away from the example of his friend and teacher, Joseph StannardJoseph Stannard
Joseph Stannard was an English marine and landscape painter, and etcher, a prominent member of the Norwich School of artists , which also included John Crome and John Sell Cotman.-Life:...
of Norwich, towards that of Andrew Geddes
Andrew Geddes
Andrew Geddes was a Scottish portrait painter and etcher.-Life:Geddes was born in Edinburgh. After receiving a good education in the high school and in the University of Edinburgh, he was for five years in the excise office, in which his father held the post of deputy auditor...
and the Scottish etchers, whose work he probably saw while in Scotland
Scotland
Scotland is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. Occupying the northern third of the island of Great Britain, it shares a border with England to the south and is bounded by the North Sea to the east, the Atlantic Ocean to the north and west, and the North Channel and Irish Sea to the...
in the summer of 1831. His later works excel in the use of drypoint
Drypoint
Drypoint is a printmaking technique of the intaglio family, in which an image is incised into a plate with a hard-pointed "needle" of sharp metal or diamond point. Traditionally the plate was copper, but now acetate, zinc, or plexiglas are also commonly used...
. It has been said that he may claim, equally with Andrew Geddes, the honour of anticipating the revival of etching associated with the names of Francis Seymour Haden
Francis Seymour Haden
Sir Francis Seymour Haden , was an English surgeon, best known as an etcher.He was born in London, his father, Charles Thomas Haden, being a well-known doctor and lover of music. He was educated at Derby School, Christ's Hospital, and University College, London, and also studied at the Sorbonne,...
and J.M. Whistler.
External links
- Gallery of works by Daniell (Castle Museum and Art Gallery, Norwich)