Edmund Landolt
Encyclopedia
Landolt, Edmund, was a Swiss ophthalmologist
stationed in Paris
, mostly known for a wide range of publications and his research in the field of ophthalmology
.
, of a French mother, Rosina Baumgartner, and Swiss father, Rudolf Landolt.
He came to France
during the war in 1871
with a Swiss ambulance hospital, and
was present at the battles around Belfort
, where he contracted enteric fever.
where he got a Ph.D.
in 1869 and was through this time and later pupil of
Knapp
in Heidelberg
,
Ferdinand Arlt in Vienna
,
Von Graefe and Helmholtz in Berlin
,
Horner
in Zürich
,
and
Snellen and Donders in Utrecht
.
Worked in physiological optics with, among others, Snellen and Donders.
After study and practice in Utrecht and Germany
he established himself in Paris
in 1874 where he
became oculist
to the Institut National des Jeunes Aveugles
.
With Panas
(1832-1903) and Poncet
(1849-1913) he re-founded the Archives d'ophtalmologie in 1881 and
co-directed the Laboratoire d’Ophtalmologie with Javal
.
Landolt's eye clinic on the Rue Saint-André-des-Arts was world famous. There he treated
,among others, Mary Cassatt
, and gave her the diagnosis cataract
s.
Pioneering the work in their study and treatment.
He discovered `Landolt's bodies´ between the rods
and
cones of the outer nuclear layer
of the retina
,
investigated the functions of the ocular muscles
and devised a new advancement operation.
Famous for his publication of Landolt C
.
and Dr. Marc Landolt, ophthalmologist
.
' book The Demon Device (Robert Saffron) p. 44.
Sir Arthur Conan Doyle spent time with him in Paris
in relation to his study in ophthalmology
in Vienna
.
Ophthalmology
Ophthalmology is the branch of medicine that deals with the anatomy, physiology and diseases of the eye. An ophthalmologist is a specialist in medical and surgical eye problems...
stationed in Paris
Paris
Paris is the capital and largest city in France, situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the Île-de-France region...
, mostly known for a wide range of publications and his research in the field of ophthalmology
Ophthalmology
Ophthalmology is the branch of medicine that deals with the anatomy, physiology and diseases of the eye. An ophthalmologist is a specialist in medical and surgical eye problems...
.
First years
Edmund Landolt was born in Kirchberg, SwitzerlandSwitzerland
Switzerland name of one of the Swiss cantons. ; ; ; or ), in its full name the Swiss Confederation , is a federal republic consisting of 26 cantons, with Bern as the seat of the federal authorities. The country is situated in Western Europe,Or Central Europe depending on the definition....
, of a French mother, Rosina Baumgartner, and Swiss father, Rudolf Landolt.
He came to France
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
during the war in 1871
Franco-Prussian War
The Franco-Prussian War or Franco-German War, often referred to in France as the 1870 War was a conflict between the Second French Empire and the Kingdom of Prussia. Prussia was aided by the North German Confederation, of which it was a member, and the South German states of Baden, Württemberg and...
with a Swiss ambulance hospital, and
was present at the battles around Belfort
Siege of Belfort
The Siege of Belfort was a 103-day military assault and blockade of the city of Belfort, France by Prussian forces during the Franco-Prussian War...
, where he contracted enteric fever.
Study and work
Studied at University of ZurichUniversity of Zurich
The University of Zurich , located in the city of Zurich, is the largest university in Switzerland, with over 25,000 students. It was founded in 1833 from the existing colleges of theology, law, medicine and a new faculty of philosophy....
where he got a Ph.D.
Doctor of Philosophy
Doctor of Philosophy, abbreviated as Ph.D., PhD, D.Phil., or DPhil , in English-speaking countries, is a postgraduate academic degree awarded by universities...
in 1869 and was through this time and later pupil of
Knapp
Hermann Jakob Knapp
Hermann Jakob Knapp was a German-American ophthalmologist who was born in Dauborn, Nassau. He earned his medical degree from the University of Giessen in 1854. As a young physician he studied with Franciscus Cornelis Donders in Utrecht, William Bowman in London, Albrecht von Graefe in Berlin and...
in Heidelberg
Heidelberg
-Early history:Between 600,000 and 200,000 years ago, "Heidelberg Man" died at nearby Mauer. His jaw bone was discovered in 1907; with scientific dating, his remains were determined to be the earliest evidence of human life in Europe. In the 5th century BC, a Celtic fortress of refuge and place of...
,
Ferdinand Arlt in Vienna
Vienna
Vienna is the capital and largest city of the Republic of Austria and one of the nine states of Austria. Vienna is Austria's primary city, with a population of about 1.723 million , and is by far the largest city in Austria, as well as its cultural, economic, and political centre...
,
Von Graefe and Helmholtz in Berlin
Berlin
Berlin is the capital city of Germany and is one of the 16 states of Germany. With a population of 3.45 million people, Berlin is Germany's largest city. It is the second most populous city proper and the seventh most populous urban area in the European Union...
,
Horner
Johann Friedrich Horner
Johann Friedrich Horner was an ophthalmologist based at the University of Zurich, Switzerland.After receiving his medical degree from the University of Zurich in 1854, Horner continued his studies in Vienna and Berlin. While in Berlin, he was an assistant to the renowned ophthalmologist Albrecht...
in Zürich
Zürich
Zurich is the largest city in Switzerland and the capital of the canton of Zurich. It is located in central Switzerland at the northwestern tip of Lake Zurich...
,
and
Snellen and Donders in Utrecht
Utrecht (city)
Utrecht city and municipality is the capital and most populous city of the Dutch province of Utrecht. It is located in the eastern corner of the Randstad conurbation, and is the fourth largest city of the Netherlands with a population of 312,634 on 1 Jan 2011.Utrecht's ancient city centre features...
.
Worked in physiological optics with, among others, Snellen and Donders.
After study and practice in Utrecht and Germany
Germany
Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...
he established himself in Paris
Paris
Paris is the capital and largest city in France, situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the Île-de-France region...
in 1874 where he
became oculist
Optometry
Optometry is a health care profession concerned with eyes and related structures, as well as vision, visual systems, and vision information processing in humans. Optometrists, or Doctors of Optometry, are state licensed medical professionals trained to prescribe and fit lenses to improve vision,...
to the Institut National des Jeunes Aveugles
Institut National des Jeunes Aveugles
Institut National des Jeunes Aveugles, , in Paris, was the first special school for blind students in the world, and served as a model for many subsequent schools for blind students.-History:The INJA was created in 1784 by Valentin Haüy.It was not until the late 18th century that society began to...
.
With Panas
Photinos Panas
Photinos Panas was an ophthalmologist who was born on the Greek island of Cefalonia. In 1860 he obtained his medical degree at Paris, where he would later spend his entire medical career. He was the first professor of ophthalmology at the University of Paris, and in 1879 established the...
(1832-1903) and Poncet
Antonin Poncet
Antonin Poncet was a French surgeon.He studied medicine in Lyon, where he served as interne des hôpitaux. He was a member of the Lyon ambulance corps during the Franco-Prussian War, and in 1878 became a member of the surgical section of the Lyon faculty of medicine...
(1849-1913) he re-founded the Archives d'ophtalmologie in 1881 and
co-directed the Laboratoire d’Ophtalmologie with Javal
Louis Émile Javal
Louis Émile Javal was a French ophthalmologist born in Paris. Originally trained as a civil engineer, he switched to the medical profession, receiving his degree from the University of Paris in 1868. Following graduation he travelled to Berlin and studied under Albrecht von Graefe...
.
Landolt's eye clinic on the Rue Saint-André-des-Arts was world famous. There he treated
,among others, Mary Cassatt
Mary Cassatt
Mary Stevenson Cassatt was an American painter and printmaker. She lived much of her adult life in France, where she first befriended Edgar Degas and later exhibited among the Impressionists...
, and gave her the diagnosis cataract
Cataract
A cataract is a clouding that develops in the crystalline lens of the eye or in its envelope, varying in degree from slight to complete opacity and obstructing the passage of light...
s.
Special fields of work
Ocular muscles and their disorders.Pioneering the work in their study and treatment.
He discovered `Landolt's bodies´ between the rods
Rod cell
Rod cells, or rods, are photoreceptor cells in the retina of the eye that can function in less intense light than can the other type of visual photoreceptor, cone cells. Named for their cylindrical shape, rods are concentrated at the outer edges of the retina and are used in peripheral vision. On...
and
cones of the outer nuclear layer
Outer nuclear layer
The outer nuclear layer , is one of the layers of the vertebrate retina, the light-detecting portion of the eye...
of the retina
Retina
The vertebrate retina is a light-sensitive tissue lining the inner surface of the eye. The optics of the eye create an image of the visual world on the retina, which serves much the same function as the film in a camera. Light striking the retina initiates a cascade of chemical and electrical...
,
investigated the functions of the ocular muscles
Extraocular muscles
The extraocular muscles are the six muscles that control the movements of the eye . The actions of the extraocular muscles depend on the position of the eye at the time of muscle contraction.-List of muscles:-Importance:...
and devised a new advancement operation.
Famous for his publication of Landolt C
Landolt C
A Landolt C, also known as a Japanese Vision Test, Landolt ring or Landolt broken ring, is an optotype, i.e. a standardized symbol used for testing vision. It was developed by the Swiss-born ophthalmologist Edmund Landolt....
.
English
- The introduction of the metrical system into ophthalmology, London : J. & A. Churchill, 1876. OCLC: 56373123
- The artificial eye, London : Trübner & Co., 1879. OCLC: 29693518
- tr. Edgar Athelstane Browne
- A manual of examination of the eyes. A course of lectures delivered at the "Ećole pratique,", Philadelphia, D.G. Brinton, 1879. OCLC: 2394443
- tr. Swan M Burnett
- A manual of examination of the eyes. A course of lectures delivered at the "École pratique,", Philadelphia, D.G. Brinton, 1879. OCLC: 14069016
- Ed. 2.: London : Baillie're, Tindall & Cox, 1879. OCLC: 14408212
- On myopia, London : Harrison and Sons, 1879. OCLC: 29693435
- On insufficiency of the power of convergence, [S.l. : [s.n.], 1886. OCLC: 29693375
- The refraction and accommodation of the eye and their anomalies, Edinburgh, Pentland, 1886. OCLC: 3057956
- Ed. 2.: Phila., J. B. Lippincott CompanyJ. B. Lippincott CompanyJ. B. Lippincott & Co. was an American publishing house founded in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in 1836 by Joshua Ballinger Lippincott.Formed by descendants of the Religious Society of Friends, Joshua Lippincott's company began selling a line of Bibles, prayer books and other religious works before...
., 1886. OCLC: 12013230 - Refraction and accommodation of the eye and their anomalies, Edinburgh, Young J. Pentland, 1886. OCLC: 11626601
- Ed. 2.: Phila., J. B. Lippincott Company
- Cataract-operation, in our time, [Chicago] : Ophthalmic Record, 1892. OCLC: 27659117
- Vade mecum of ophthalmological therapeutics, Philadelphia, LippincottJ. B. Lippincott CompanyJ. B. Lippincott & Co. was an American publishing house founded in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in 1836 by Joshua Ballinger Lippincott.Formed by descendants of the Religious Society of Friends, Joshua Lippincott's company began selling a line of Bibles, prayer books and other religious works before...
, 1898. OCLC: 9689831- and Gygax
- On ophthalmic surgery, being the Bowman lecture delivered on Wednesday, June 7, 1911., Lond. 1911. OCLC: 83292691
- Defective ocular movements and their diagnosis, London, Frowde, 1913. OCLC: 14798829
- and Marc Landolt
French
- Le grossissement des images ophthalmoscopiques, Paris : Adrien Delahaye, 1874. OCLC: 16077174
- Sur les causes de l'amétropie, Paris, 1877. OCLC: 79211659
- Leçons sur le diagnostic des maladies des yeux : faite à l'Ecole pratique de la Faculté de médicine de Paris, pendant le semester d'été 1875, Paris : Aux Bureaux du Progrès Médical : Ve A. Delahaye, 1877. OCLC: 16867948
- L'œil artificiel, Paris : Octave Doin, 1878. OCLC: 65009615
- Manuel d'ophthalmoscopie., Paris, Doin, 1878. OCLC: 14863824
- Clinique des maladies des yeux. Compte rendu pour l'anneé 1878, Coulommiers : P. Brodard, 1879. OCLC: 53178656
- Traité complet d'ophthalmologie, Paris : V. Adrien Delahaye, 1880-1889. OCLC: 9766547
- and Louis de Wecker
- Ed. 2.: Paris, Lecrosnier et Babé, 1880-89. OCLC: 14860559
- Tableau synoptique des mouvements des yeux & de leurs anomalies, Paris : Martinet, [ca.1880] OCLC: 67734772
- Tableau synoptique des mouvements des yeux et de leurs anomalies, [S.l. : s.n., 188-?]. OCLC: 61653001
- aa. Librairie médicale scientifique vigot frères,
- Notice biographique à la mémoire du Docteur C [Johann] F[riedrich] Horner, professeur d'ophthalmologie à l'Université de Zurich, Paris : [s.n.], 1887. OCLC: 81850385
- and C Johann Friedrich Horner
- Notice biographique à la mémoire du Docteur T.F. Horner, professeur d'ophthalmologie à l'Université de Zurich, Paris, 1887. OCLC: 82939545
- Rapport sur la question du strabisme, preś. au VIIe Congreś international d'ophthalmologie à Heidelberg, Wiesbaden, 1888. OCLC: 67724682
- Opto-types simples. 2 circular disks, Paris : O. Doin, 1889. OCLC: 53178663
- F. C. Donders, Paris : Steinheil, 1889. OCLC: 69060626
- Un nouveau procédé d'opération dans le distichiasis, Paris, 1890. OCLC: 67724675
- Un nouveau cas d'achromatopsie totale, Paris : G. Steinheil, 1891. OCLC: 53178653
- H. de Helmholtz : esquisse biographique, [S.l. : s.n.], 1894. OCLC: 65101525
- and H. de Helmholtz
- Précis de thérapeutique ophtalmologique, Paris, Masson, 1895. OCLC: 14808861
- and Gygax
- Nouveaux objets-types pour la de\´{t}ermination de lacute visuelle, Paris : Doin, 1899. OCLC: 65087355
- Nouveau objets-types pour la détermination de l'acuité visuelle., Paris : O. Doin, 1899. OCLC: 53178619
- Souvenirs sur H.Snellen, Paris : Steinheil, 1908. OCLC: 67520817
- Diagnostic des troubles de la motilité oculaire, Paris, Masson, 1909. Ed. française par Marc Landolt OCLC: 14785955
- Examen des mouvements normaux & pathologiques des yeux, Paris, G. Steinheil, 1916. OCLC: 5856097
Family
Married Valerie Hübscher. Two sons; Dr. Fernand Landolt, laryngologistLaryngology
Laryngology is that branch of medicine which deals with disorders, diseases and injuries of the vocal apparatus, especially the larynx. Common conditions addressed by laryngologists include vocal fold nodules and cysts, laryngeal cancer, spasmodic dysphonia, laryngopharyngeal reflux, papillomas,...
and Dr. Marc Landolt, ophthalmologist
Ophthalmology
Ophthalmology is the branch of medicine that deals with the anatomy, physiology and diseases of the eye. An ophthalmologist is a specialist in medical and surgical eye problems...
.
Curiosity
He is mentioned in Sherlock HolmesSherlock Holmes
Sherlock Holmes is a fictional detective created by Scottish author and physician Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. The fantastic London-based "consulting detective", Holmes is famous for his astute logical reasoning, his ability to take almost any disguise, and his use of forensic science skills to solve...
' book The Demon Device (Robert Saffron) p. 44.
Sir Arthur Conan Doyle spent time with him in Paris
Paris
Paris is the capital and largest city in France, situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the Île-de-France region...
in relation to his study in ophthalmology
Ophthalmology
Ophthalmology is the branch of medicine that deals with the anatomy, physiology and diseases of the eye. An ophthalmologist is a specialist in medical and surgical eye problems...
in Vienna
Vienna
Vienna is the capital and largest city of the Republic of Austria and one of the nine states of Austria. Vienna is Austria's primary city, with a population of about 1.723 million , and is by far the largest city in Austria, as well as its cultural, economic, and political centre...
.
External links
- College of Optometrists Historical Books pp. 120, 143, 192 and 208.