Duke of Abercorn
Encyclopedia
The title Duke of Abercorn was created in the Peerage of Ireland
Peerage of Ireland
The Peerage of Ireland is the term used for those titles of nobility created by the English and later British monarchs of Ireland in their capacity as Lord or King of Ireland. The creation of such titles came to an end in the 19th century. The ranks of the Irish peerage are Duke, Marquess, Earl,...

 in 1868 and bestowed upon James Hamilton, 2nd Marquess of Abercorn.

This article also covers the Earls and Marquesses of Abercorn, all named after Abercorn
Abercorn
Abercorn is a village and parish in West Lothian, Scotland. Close to the south coast of the Firth of Forth, the village is around west of South Queensferry.-History:...

, West Lothian
West Lothian
West Lothian is one of the 32 unitary council areas in Scotland, and a Lieutenancy area. It borders the City of Edinburgh, Falkirk, North Lanarkshire, the Scottish Borders and South Lanarkshire....

, in Scotland
Scotland
Scotland is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. Occupying the northern third of the island of Great Britain, it shares a border with England to the south and is bounded by the North Sea to the east, the Atlantic Ocean to the north and west, and the North Channel and Irish Sea to the...

.

History

In acknowledgement of his loyalty, James VI of Scotland (James I of England), conferred on Hon. Claud Hamilton, third son of James Hamilton, 2nd Earl of Arran
James Hamilton, 2nd Earl of Arran
James Hamilton, Duke of Châtellerault and 2nd Earl of Arran was a Scottish nobleman.-Biography:He was the eldest legitimate son of James Hamilton, 1st Earl of Arran....

, the title Lord Paisley. His son James Hamilton was created Lord Abercorn on 5 April 1603, then on 10 July 1606 he was made Earl of Abercorn and Lord of Paisley, Hamilton, Mountcastell and Kilpatrick, all in the Peerage of Scotland
Peerage of Scotland
The Peerage of Scotland is the division of the British Peerage for those peers created in the Kingdom of Scotland before 1707. With that year's Act of Union, the Kingdom of Scotland and the Kingdom of England were combined into the Kingdom of Great Britain, and a new Peerage of Great Britain was...

.

His successor, the 2nd Earl of Abercorn, was additionally created Lord Hamilton, Baron of Strabane, in the Peerage of Ireland
Peerage of Ireland
The Peerage of Ireland is the term used for those titles of nobility created by the English and later British monarchs of Ireland in their capacity as Lord or King of Ireland. The creation of such titles came to an end in the 19th century. The ranks of the Irish peerage are Duke, Marquess, Earl,...

, on 8 May 1617. He resigned this dignity to his younger brother in 1633; the brother's heirs inherited the Earldom and other titles in 1680, in the person of Claud Hamilton, 4th Earl of Abercorn
Claud Hamilton, 4th Earl of Abercorn
Claud Hamilton, 4th Earl of Abercorn, PC was a Scottish and Irish peer and Jacobite, the eldest son of George Hamilton, 4th Baron Hamilton of Strabane and Elizabeth Fagan....

. He was attainted in Ireland
Ireland
Ireland is an island to the northwest of continental Europe. It is the third-largest island in Europe and the twentieth-largest island on Earth...

 in 1691, and the Barony of Strabane
Strabane
Strabane , historically spelt Straban,is a town in west County Tyrone, Northern Ireland. It contains the headquarters of Strabane District Council....

 forfeited, but his brother Charles Hamilton, 5th Earl of Abercorn
Charles Hamilton, 5th Earl of Abercorn
Charles Hamilton, 5th Earl of Abercorn was a Scottish peer, the younger son of George Hamilton, 4th Baron Hamilton of Strabane and Elizabeth Fagan....

, obtained a reversal of the attainder and recovered in 1692.

The 6th earl was at his accession an Irish baronet
Baronet
A baronet or the rare female equivalent, a baronetess , is the holder of a hereditary baronetcy awarded by the British Crown...

, "of Dunalong in the County of Tyrone, and of Nenagh in the County of Tipperary" (1660). He was additionally created Baron Mountcastle and Viscount Strabane, in the Peerage of Ireland, on 2 September 1701. The 7th earl became the first of the Earls of Abercorn to be invested a Privy Counsellor
Privy Council of the United Kingdom
Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council, usually known simply as the Privy Council, is a formal body of advisers to the Sovereign in the United Kingdom...

, having been appointed to both the English and Irish Privy Councils. The 8th earl was created Viscount Hamilton, of Hamilton, in the Peerage of Great Britain
Peerage of Great Britain
The Peerage of Great Britain comprises all extant peerages created in the Kingdom of Great Britain after the Act of Union 1707 but before the Act of Union 1800...

 on 24 August 1786. He was succeeded by his nephew, who was created Marquess of Abercorn in the Peerage of Great Britain on 15 October 1790, after having sat in the House of Commons
British House of Commons
The House of Commons is the lower house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, which also comprises the Sovereign and the House of Lords . Both Commons and Lords meet in the Palace of Westminster. The Commons is a democratically elected body, consisting of 650 members , who are known as Members...

 as MP
Member of Parliament
A Member of Parliament is a representative of the voters to a :parliament. In many countries with bicameral parliaments, the term applies specifically to members of the lower house, as upper houses often have a different title, such as senate, and thus also have different titles for its members,...

 for East Looe
East Looe (UK Parliament constituency)
East Looe was a parliamentary borough represented in the House of Commons of England from 1571 to 1707, in the House of Commons of Great Britain from 1797 to 1800, and finally in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom from 1801 until its abolition in 1832. It elected two Members of Parliament ...

 and for St Germans
St Germans (UK Parliament constituency)
St Germans was a rotten borough in Cornwall which returned two Members of Parliament to the House of Commons in the English and later British Parliament from 1562 to 1832, when it was abolished by the Great Reform Act.-History:...

. He was made a Knight of the Garter
Order of the Garter
The Most Noble Order of the Garter, founded in 1348, is the highest order of chivalry, or knighthood, existing in England. The order is dedicated to the image and arms of St...

 in 1805.

The 2nd Marquess, who had been given the Garter in 1844, served as Lord Lieutenant of Ireland
Lord Lieutenant of Ireland
The Lord Lieutenant of Ireland was the British King's representative and head of the Irish executive during the Lordship of Ireland , the Kingdom of Ireland and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland...

 from 1866 to 1868 (and again from 1874 to 1876); and on 10 August 1868, during his first term, he was created Marquess of Hamilton, of Strabane, and Duke of Abercorn (in the Peerage of Ireland). His successor, the 2nd Duke, continued the family tradition by being awarded the Garter in 1892; the 3rd Duke served as MP for Derry
Londonderry (UK Parliament constituency)
Londonderry was a Parliamentary Constituency in the House of Commons and also a constituency in elections to various regional bodies. It was replaced in boundary changes in 1983...

 and as Governor of Northern Ireland
Governor of Northern Ireland
The Governor of Northern Ireland was the principal officer and representative in Northern Ireland of the British monarch. The office was established on 9 December 1922 and abolished on 18 July 1973.-Overview:...

, along with being created a Knight of St Patrick and given the Garter. Currently, the holder of the Dukedom is James Hamilton, 5th Duke of Abercorn
James Hamilton, 5th Duke of Abercorn
James Hamilton, 5th Duke of Abercorn, KG , is the current Duke of Abercorn in the Peerage of Ireland, having succeeded his father in June 1979. The son of James Edward Hamilton, 4th Duke of Abercorn, and Lady Mary Crichton...

, also a Knight of the Garter.

Of the subsidiary titles above, Marquess of Hamilton is the courtesy title of the heir apparent
Heir apparent
An heir apparent or heiress apparent is a person who is first in line of succession and cannot be displaced from inheriting, except by a change in the rules of succession....

, and Viscount Strabane that of his heir-apparent.

The Dukes of Abercorn also claim the French title of Duc de Châtellerault, as heirs-male of the second Earl of Arran
Earl of Arran
Earl of Arran is a title in both the Peerage of Scotland and the Peerage of Ireland. The two titles refer to different places, the Isle of Arran in Scotland, and the Aran Islands in Ireland...

, who was granted the title in 1548 by Henry II of France
Henry II of France
Henry II was King of France from 31 March 1547 until his death in 1559.-Early years:Henry was born in the royal Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye, near Paris, the son of Francis I and Claude, Duchess of Brittany .His father was captured at the Battle of Pavia in 1525 by his sworn enemy,...

.

The family seat is Baronscourt (usually known locally as Baronscourt Castle), a neo-Classical
Neoclassical architecture
Neoclassical architecture was an architectural style produced by the neoclassical movement that began in the mid-18th century, manifested both in its details as a reaction against the Rococo style of naturalistic ornament, and in its architectural formulas as an outgrowth of some classicizing...

 country house on the Baronscourt Estate near Newtownstewart
Newtownstewart
Newtownstewart is a village and townland in County Tyrone, Northern Ireland. It is overlooked by hills called Bessy Bell and Mary Gray and is at the confluence of the rivers Strule and Owenkillew. In the 2001 Census it had a population of 1,479 people. It lies within the Strabane District Council...

, a village near Strabane
Strabane
Strabane , historically spelt Straban,is a town in west County Tyrone, Northern Ireland. It contains the headquarters of Strabane District Council....

, County Tyrone
County Tyrone
Historically Tyrone stretched as far north as Lough Foyle, and comprised part of modern day County Londonderry east of the River Foyle. The majority of County Londonderry was carved out of Tyrone between 1610-1620 when that land went to the Guilds of London to set up profit making schemes based on...

.

Coat of arms

The heraldic blazon for the coat of arms of the dukedom is: Quarterly: 1st and 4th gules, three cinquefoils pierced ermine (for Hamilton); 2nd and 3rd argent, an ancient ship or lymphad, with one mast, the sail furled and oars out sable (for Arran).

Lords Paisley (1587)

  • Claud Hamilton, 1st Lord Paisley
    Claud Hamilton, 1st Lord Paisley
    Claud Hamilton, 1st Lord Paisley was a Scottish politician. He was a younger son of James Hamilton, 2nd Earl of Arran. In 1553, he received the lands of the abbey of Paisley...

     (1543–1621) was a Scottish
    Scottish people
    The Scottish people , or Scots, are a nation and ethnic group native to Scotland. Historically they emerged from an amalgamation of the Picts and Gaels, incorporating neighbouring Britons to the south as well as invading Germanic peoples such as the Anglo-Saxons and the Norse.In modern use,...

     politician
    • The 1st Earl of Abercorn was the 1st Lord's eldest son. He predeceased his father
  • James Hamilton, 2nd Lord Paisley was already 2nd Earl of Abercorn

Earls of Abercorn (1606)

Other titles: Lord Abercorn, in the county of Linlithgow (Sc 1603) and Lord Paisley, Hamilton, Mountcashell and Kirkpatrick (Sc 1606)
  • James Hamilton, 1st Earl of Abercorn
    James Hamilton, 1st Earl of Abercorn
    James Hamilton, 1st Earl of Abercorn PC .-Biography:He was the eldest son of Claud Hamilton, 1st Lord Paisley , and of Margaret, daughter of George Seton, 7th Lord Seton....

     (1575–1618) had been created Lord Abercorn in 1603
Other titles (2nd Earl onwards): Lord Paisley, in the county of Renfrew (Sc 1587)
Other titles (2nd Earl): Baron Hamilton of Strabane
Baron Hamilton of Strabane
Lord Hamilton, Baron of Strabane, in the County of Tyrone, is a title in the Peerage of Ireland created on 8 May 1617, for James Hamilton, Master of Abercorn, eldest son of James Hamilton, 1st Earl of Abercorn, during the life of his father ; the barony had the special remainder to the heir-males...

, in the county of Tyrone (Ir 1617, res. 1633)
  • James Hamilton, 2nd Earl of Abercorn
    James Hamilton, 2nd Earl of Abercorn
    James Hamilton, 2nd Earl of Abercorn was a Scottish and Irish nobleman, the eldest son of James Hamilton, 1st Earl of Abercorn and Marion Boyd.-Biography:In 1617, he was created Baron Hamilton of Strabane...

     (c. 1604–c. 1670), eldest son of the 1st Earl, succeeded his grandfather as 2nd Lord Paisley in 1621
    • James Hamilton, Lord Paisley
      James Hamilton, Lord Paisley
      James Hamilton, Lord Paisley was the eldest son of James Hamilton, 2nd Earl of Abercorn and Katherine Clifton, 2nd Baroness Clifton....

       (c. 1633–b. 1670), eldest son of the 2nd Earl, died without male issue
  • George Hamilton, 3rd Earl of Abercorn
    George Hamilton, 3rd Earl of Abercorn
    George Hamilton, 3rd Earl of Abercorn was a Scottish nobleman, the son of James Hamilton, 2nd Earl of Abercorn and Katherine Clifton, 2nd Baroness Clifton. He died, unmarried, in Padua on his way to Rome and was succeeded by his second cousin once removed, Lord Hamilton of Strabane.-External...

     (c. 1636–c. 1680), third and youngest son of the 2nd Earl, died unmarried
Other titles (4th Earl): Baron Hamilton of Strabane, in the county of Tyrone (Ir 1617, suc. 1668, att. 1691)
  • Claud Hamilton, 4th Earl of Abercorn
    Claud Hamilton, 4th Earl of Abercorn
    Claud Hamilton, 4th Earl of Abercorn, PC was a Scottish and Irish peer and Jacobite, the eldest son of George Hamilton, 4th Baron Hamilton of Strabane and Elizabeth Fagan....

     (c. 1659–c. 1691), already 5th Lord Hamilton, was descended from the 3rd son of the 1st Earl. He died unmarried
Other titles (5th Earl onwards): Baron Hamilton of Strabane, in the county of Tyrone (Ir 1617, rest. 1692)
  • Charles Hamilton, 5th Earl of Abercorn
    Charles Hamilton, 5th Earl of Abercorn
    Charles Hamilton, 5th Earl of Abercorn was a Scottish peer, the younger son of George Hamilton, 4th Baron Hamilton of Strabane and Elizabeth Fagan....

     (d. 1701), younger brother of the 4th Earl, died without issue
  • James Hamilton, 6th Earl of Abercorn
    James Hamilton, 6th Earl of Abercorn
    James Hamilton, 6th Earl of Abercorn, PC was a Scottish and Irish nobleman, the son of Colonel James Hamilton and Elizabeth Colepeper....

     (c. 1661–1734), eldest son of Col James, himself eldest son of Sir George, himself fourth and youngest son of the 1st Earl
Other titles (7th Earl onwards): Viscount Strabane and Baron Mountcastle, in the county of Tyrone (Ir 1701)
  • James Hamilton, 7th Earl of Abercorn
    James Hamilton, 7th Earl of Abercorn
    James Hamilton, 7th Earl of Abercorn FRS PC was a Scottish and Irish nobleman, the son of James Hamilton, 6th Earl of Abercorn and Elizabeth Reading. He was styled Lord Paisley from 1701 until his accession in 1734...

     (1685–1744), eldest son of the 6th Earl
Other tiles (8th Earl onwards): Viscount Hamilton (GB 1786)
  • James Hamilton, 8th Earl of Abercorn
    James Hamilton, 8th Earl of Abercorn
    James Hamilton, 8th Earl of Abercorn PC , was a Scottish and Irish nobleman, the eldest son of James Hamilton, 7th Earl of Abercorn and Anne Plumer. He was styled Lord Paisley from 1734 until his accession in 1744...

     (1712–1789), eldest son of the 7th Earl, died unmarried
  • John Hamilton, 9th Earl of Abercorn
    John Hamilton, 1st Marquess of Abercorn
    John James Hamilton, 1st Marquess of Abercorn KG, PC was an Irish peer and politician.-Background:He was the son of Captain Hon. John Hamilton and grandson of James Hamilton, 7th Earl of Abercorn. He was educated at Harrow and Pembroke College, Cambridge...

     (1756–1818) was created Marquess of Abercorn in 1790

Marquesses of Abercorn (1790)

Other titles: Earl of Abercorn (Sc 1606), Viscount Strabane (Ir 1701), Viscount Hamilton (GB 1786), Lord Paisley, in the county of Renfrew (Sc 1587), Lord Abercorn, in the county of Linlithgow (Sc 1603), Lord Paisley, Hamilton, Mountcashell and Kirkpatrick (Sc 1606), Lord Hamilton of Strabane, in the county of Tyrone (Ir 1617) and Baron Mountcastle, in the county of Tyrone (Ir 1701)
  • John Hamilton, 1st Marquess of Abercorn
    John Hamilton, 1st Marquess of Abercorn
    John James Hamilton, 1st Marquess of Abercorn KG, PC was an Irish peer and politician.-Background:He was the son of Captain Hon. John Hamilton and grandson of James Hamilton, 7th Earl of Abercorn. He was educated at Harrow and Pembroke College, Cambridge...

     (1756–1818), only son of Capt John, himself second son of the 7th Earl
    • James Hamilton, Viscount Hamilton
      James Hamilton, Viscount Hamilton
      James Hamilton, Viscount Hamilton was a British nobleman and politician, the eldest son of John Hamilton, 1st Marquess of Abercorn....

       (1786–1818), elder son of the 1st Marquess, predeceased his father
  • James Hamilton, 2nd Marquess of Abercorn
    James Hamilton, 1st Duke of Abercorn
    James Hamilton, 1st Duke of Abercorn KG PC , styled Viscount Hamilton from 1814 to 1818 and the Marquess of Abercorn from 1818 to 1868, was a British Conservative politician and statesman who twice served as Lord Lieutenant of Ireland.In 1860, The Times noted that Hamilton was one of only three to...

     (1811–1885) was created Duke of Abercorn in 1868

Dukes of Abercorn (1868)

Other titles: Marquess of Abercorn (GB 1790), Marquess of Hamilton, of Strabane in the county of Tyrone (1868), Earl of Abercorn (Sc 1606), Viscount Strabane (Ir 1701), Viscount Hamilton (GB 1786), Lord Paisley, in the county of Renfrew (Sc 1587), Lord Abercorn, in the county of Linlithgow (Sc 1603), Lord Paisley, Hamilton, Mountcashell and Kirkpatrick (Sc 1606), Lord Hamilton of Strabane, in the county of Tyrone (Ir 1617) and Baron Mountcastle, in the county of Tyrone (Ir 1701)
  • James Hamilton, 1st Duke of Abercorn
    James Hamilton, 1st Duke of Abercorn
    James Hamilton, 1st Duke of Abercorn KG PC , styled Viscount Hamilton from 1814 to 1818 and the Marquess of Abercorn from 1818 to 1868, was a British Conservative politician and statesman who twice served as Lord Lieutenant of Ireland.In 1860, The Times noted that Hamilton was one of only three to...

     (1811–1885), elder son of Lord Hamilton
  • James Hamilton, 2nd Duke of Abercorn
    James Hamilton, 2nd Duke of Abercorn
    James Hamilton, 2nd Duke of Abercorn KG, CB, PC , styled Viscount Hamilton until 1868 and Marquess of Hamilton from 1868 to 1885, was a British nobleman and diplomat...

     (1838–1913), eldest son of the 1st Duke
  • James Hamilton, 3rd Duke of Abercorn
    James Hamilton, 3rd Duke of Abercorn
    James Albert Edward Hamilton, 3rd Duke of Abercorn KG, KP, PC , styled Marquess of Hamilton between 1885 and 1913, was a British peer and Unionist politician. He was the first Governor of Northern Ireland, a post he held between 1922 and 1945...

     (1869–1953), eldest son of the 2nd Duke
  • James Hamilton, 4th Duke of Abercorn
    James Hamilton, 4th Duke of Abercorn
    James Edward Hamilton, 4th Duke of Abercorn . He was the son of James Hamilton, 3rd Duke of Abercorn and Lady Rosalind Cecilia Caroline Bingham...

     (1904–1979), elder son of the 3rd Duke
  • James Hamilton, 5th Duke of Abercorn
    James Hamilton, 5th Duke of Abercorn
    James Hamilton, 5th Duke of Abercorn, KG , is the current Duke of Abercorn in the Peerage of Ireland, having succeeded his father in June 1979. The son of James Edward Hamilton, 4th Duke of Abercorn, and Lady Mary Crichton...

     (b. 1934), elder son of the 4th Duke
    • Heir apparent: James Hamilton, Marquess of Hamilton (b. 1969), elder son of the 5th Duke
      • His heir apparent: James Hamilton, Viscount Strabane (b. 2005), elder son of Lord Hamilton

Line of succession

  1. James Harold Charles Hamilton, Marquess of Hamilton (b. 1969) (elder son of the 5th Duke)
  2. James Alfred Nicholas Hamilton, Viscount Strabane (b. 2005) (elder son of Lord Hamilton)
  3. Lord Claud Douglas Harold Hamilton (b. 2007) (younger son of Lord Hamilton)
  4. Lord Nicholas Edward Claud Hamilton (b. 1979) (younger son of the 5th Duke)
  5. Lord (Claud) Anthony Hamilton (b. 1939) (younger son of the 4th Duke)
  6. Alexander James Hamilton (b. 1987) (only son of Lord Anthony)

See also

  • Duke of Hamilton
    Duke of Hamilton
    Duke of Hamilton is a title in the Peerage of Scotland, created in 1643. It is the senior dukedom in that Peerage , and as such its holder is the Premier Peer of Scotland, as well as being head of both the House of Hamilton and the House of Douglas...

  • Earl of Arran
    Earl of Arran
    Earl of Arran is a title in both the Peerage of Scotland and the Peerage of Ireland. The two titles refer to different places, the Isle of Arran in Scotland, and the Aran Islands in Ireland...

  • Hamilton Baronets
    Hamilton Baronets
    There have been eighteen Baronetcies created for persons with the surname Hamilton, seven in the Baronetage of Nova Scotia, one in the Baronetage of England, five in the Baronetage of Ireland, one in the Baronetage of Great Britain and four in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom...

  • Proby Baronets of Elton Hall
    Proby Baronets
    There have been two Baronetcies created for persons with the surname Proby, one in the Baronetage of England and one in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom. The first creation is extinct while the second creation is still extant....

  • Clan Douglas
    Clan Douglas
    Clan Douglas is an ancient Scottish kindred from the Scottish Lowlands taking its name from Douglas, South Lanarkshire, and thence spreading through the Scottish Borderland, Angus, Lothian and beyond. The clan does not currently have a chief, therefore it is considered an armigerous clan.The...

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